最新七年级下册数学易错题精选优秀名师资料.doc

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1、七年级下册数学易错题精选初一年级下学期易错题精选(一) 第五章 相交线与平行线 1(下列判断错误的是( ). A.一条线段有无数条垂线; B.过线段AB中点有且只有一条直线与线段AB垂直; C.两直线相交所成的四个角中,若有一个角为90?,则这两条直线互相垂直; D.若两条直线相交,则它们互相垂直. 2(下列判断正确的是( ). A.从直线外一点到已知直线的垂线段叫做这点到已知直线的距离; B.过直线外一点画已知直线的垂线,垂线的长度就是这点到已知直线的距离; C.画出已知直线外一点到已知直线的距离; D.连接直线外一点与直线上各点的所有线段中垂线段最短. 3(如图所示,图中共有内错角( ).

2、 A.2组; B.3组; C.4组; D.5组. 4(下列说法:?过两点有且只有一条直线;?两条直线不平行必相交;?过一点有且只有一条直线与已知直线垂直;?过一点有且只有一条直线与已知直线平行. 其中正确的有( ). A.1个; B.2个; C.3个; D.4个. 5(如图所示,下列推理中正确的有( ). ?因为?1,?4,所以BC?AD; ?因为?2,?3,所以AB?CD; ?因为?BCD,?ADC,180?,所以AD?BC;?因为?1,?2,?C,180?,所以BC?AD. A.1个; B.2个; C.3个; D.4个. 6(如图所示,直线,?1,70?,求?2的度数. 1 7(判断下列语

3、句是否是命题. 如果是,请写出它的题设和结论. (1)内错角相等;(2)对顶角相等;(3)画一个60?的角. 正解: (1)是命题. 这个命题的题设是:两条直线被第三条直线所截;结论是:内错角相等. 这个命题是一个错误的命题,即假命题. (2)是命题. 这个命题的题设是:两个角是对顶角;结论是:这两个角相等. 这个命题是一个正确的命题,即真命题. (3)不是命题,它不是判断一件事情的语句. 8(“如图所示,?ABC是?ABC平移得到的,在这个平移中,平移的距离是线段AA”这句话对吗, 第六章 平面直角坐标系 1(点A的坐标满足,试确定点A所在的象限. 2(求点A(-3,-4)到坐标轴的距离.

4、第七章 三角形 1(如图所示,钝角?ABC中,?B是钝角,试作出BC边上的高AE. 2(有四条线段,长度分别为4cm,8cm,10cm,12cm,选其中三条组成三角形,试问可以组成多少个三角形, 3(一个三角形的三个外角中,最多有几个角是锐角, 4(如图所示,在?ABC中,下列说法正确的是( ). A.?ADB,?ADE; B.?ADB,?1,?2,?3; C.?ADB,?1,?2; D.以上都对. 正解:C. 2 正解解析:?ADB是?ADC的一个外角,?ADB,?1,?2,?3,?ADB,?1,?2. 5(一个多边形的内角和为1440?,求其边数. 第八章 二元一次方程组 1(已知方程组:

5、? ,? ,? ,? ,正确的说法是( ). A.只有?是二元一次方程组; B.只有?是二元一次方程组; C.只有?是二元一次方程组; D.只有?不是二元一次方程组. 2(用加减法解方程组 . 3(利用加减法解方程组 . 4(两个车间,按计划每月工生产微型电机680台,由于改进技术,上个月第一车间完成计划的120,,第二车间完成计划的115,,结果两个车间一共生产微型电机798台,则上个月两个车间各生产微型电机多少台,若设两车间上个月各生产微型电机台和台,则列方程组为( ). A. ;B. ; C. .D. . 第九章 不等式与不等式组 1(利用不等式的性质解不等式:. 2(某小店每天需水1m

6、?,而自来水厂每天只供一次水,故需要做一个水箱来存水. 要求水箱是长方体,底面积为0.81?,那么高至少为多少米时才够用,(精确到0.1m) 3(解不等式组 . 第十章 数据的收集、整理与描述 1(调查一批药物的药效持续时间,用哪种调查方式, 2(2011年4月11日文汇报报道:据不完全统计,至今上海自愿报名去西部地区工作的专业技术人员和管理人员已达3600多人,其中硕士、博士占4,,本科生占79,,大专生占13,. 根据上述数据绘制扇形统计图表示这些人员的学历分布情况. 正解:如下图所示: 3 3(某班组织25名团员为灾区捐款,其中捐款数额前三名的是10元5人,5元10人,2元5人,其余每人

7、捐1元,那么捐10元的学生出现的频率是_. 4(26名学生的身高分别为(身高:cm): 160; 162; 160; 162; 160; 159; 159; 169; 172; 160; 161; 150; 166; 165; 159; 154; 155; 158; 174; 161; 170; 156; 167; 168; 163; 162. 现要列出频率分布表,请你确定起点和分点数据. 正解:起点为149.5,分五组:149.5,154.5,154.5,159.5,159.5,164.5,164.5,169.5,169.5,174.5. 方程(组)、不等式(组)易错 一、填空题 1、关于x

8、的不等式2x-a?-2的解集如图所示,则a的取值范围为_ 0 1 2 3 4 2、已知3(2x-1)=2-3x的解与关于x的方程6-2k=2(x+3)的解相同,则k=_ 3、某品牌商品,按标价8折出售,仍可以获得20%的利润,若该商品的标价为30元,则进价为 元。 |a,5|4、已知关于x的不等式是一元一次不等式,则a=_ (6,a)x,0x,y,3zx,y,z5、已知,则代数式=_ 2x,y,4z2x,5y,z6、商店为了对某种商品促销,将定价为3元的商品按以下方式优惠,若购买不超过5件按原价付款,若一次性购买5件以上,超过部分8折,如果用27.1元钱,最多可购买该商品_件。 7、甲对乙说:

9、“我在你这么大时你才26岁,你到我这么大时我已经44岁。”则甲_岁,乙 岁。 2x,5,08、的所有整数解的和是_ 3x,8,109、关于x的方程5x-2m=3x-6m+1的解在-3和3之间,则m的取值范围为_ 4 3x,2y,m,1010、若方程组中x2,y?1,则m的取值范围为_ 2x,y,m,1x,311、若的解集为x3,则a的取值范围为 ;若它的解集为xa,则a的取值范围为 x,a2x,a,112、若不等式组的解集为-1x1,则(a-5)(b+2)= x,2b,3x,313、若无解,则a的取值范围为 ;若它有解,则a的取值范围为 x,ax,a14、若无解,则a的取值范围为 ;若它有解,

10、则a的取值范围为 x,4x,a15、若无解,则a的取值范围为 ;若它有解,则a的取值范围为 x,616、已知关于x的不等式3x-a?1的正整数解恰好是1、2、3、4,则a的取值范围为 x,a,017、关于x的不等式组的整数解共4个,则a的取值范围为 1,x,0二、解答题: 3x,17x,22(x,2)2x,14x,3x,2,1,.,11、 2、 3515463x,51,x,,13、 ,26,3(x,4),4(x,3),5x,y,7x,2y,34、已知关于x、y的方程组与有相同的解,求a、b。 ax,by,11bx,ay,105 bx,2y,2x,15、甲乙两同学解关于x、y的方程组,甲看错系数

11、b的值,结果解得,乙x,ay,2y,1x,1看错系数a,结果解得,请你帮他们求出正确的解。 y,16、某次数学测验,共16道选择题,评分标准为:对一题给6分,错一题扣2分,不答不给分。某学生有2道题未答,他想自己的分数不低于68分,他至少答对多少道题, x,y,37、关于x、y的方程组的解为非负数,求a的取值范围。 x,2y,a,38、某花农培育甲种花木2株,乙种花木3株,共需成本1700元;培育甲种花木3株,乙种花木1株,共需成本1500元。 (1)求甲乙两种花木成本分别是多少元, (2)若1株甲种花木售价为760元,一株乙种花木售价为540元。该花农决定在成本不超过30000元的情况下培育

12、甲乙两种花木,若培育乙种花木的株数是甲种花木的3倍还多10株,那么要是总利润不少于21840元,花农有哪几种具体的培育方案, 初一年级下学期易错题精选(二) 一、选择题: a,1a1、已知点P(3,)到两坐标轴的距离相等,则的值为 ( ) A(4 B(3 C(-2 D(4或-2 6 2、下列说法中:?点一定在第四象限;?坐标轴上的点不属于任一象限;?横坐标(1,a)为零的点在轴上,纵坐标为零的点在轴上;?直角坐标系中,在轴上的点到原点的yyx距离为5的点的坐标是(0,5)。正确的有 ( ) A(1个 B(2个 C(3个 D(4个 ,ABC,ABC3、已知在中,的外角等于的两倍,则是 ( ) ,

13、A,BA(直角三角形 B(锐角三角形 C(钝角三角形 D(等腰三角形 4、下列语句中,正确的是 ( ) A(三角形的外角大于任何一个内角 B(三角形的外角等于这个三角形的两个内角之和 C(三角形的外角中,至少有两个钝角 D(三角形的外角中,至少有一个钝角 5、若从一个多边形的两个顶点出发,共有9条对角线,则这个多边形的边数是 ( ) A(6 B(7 C(8 D(9 6、如果一个多边形共有27条对角线,则这个多边形的边数是 ( ) A(6 B(7 C(8 D(9 7、若一个多边形的每一个外角都是锐角,则这个多边形的边数一定不小于 ( ) A(3 B(4 C(5 D(6 8、正五边形的对称轴共有

14、( ) A(2条 B(4条 C(5条 D(10条 m,39、已知,若,则x与y的关系为 ( ) xmym,,,15 5-2A(xy, B(xy, C(xy, D(不能确定 10、一个多边形除了一个内角外,其余内角之和为257?,则这一内角等于 ( ) A(90? B(105? C(130? D。148? 11、如图2,已知:在?ABC中,AB=AC,D是BC边上任意一点,DF?AC于点F,E在AB边上,ED?BC于D,?AED=155?,则?EDF等于( ) A(50? B(65? C(70? D(75? 12、有一种足球是由32块黑白相间的牛皮缝制而成的(如图3),黑皮可看图12 32,x作

15、正五边形,白皮可看作正六边形,设白皮有x块,则黑皮有块,每块白皮有六条边,共6x边,因每块白皮有三条边和黑皮连在一起,故黑皮有3x条边.要求出白皮、黑皮的块数,列出的方程正确的是 ( ) C D 332xx,3532xx,A( B( ,B 632xx,5332xx,C( D( ,E 13、如图4,将正方形ABCD的一角折叠,折痕为AE,?BAD B A 比?BAE大48?,设?BAE和?BAD的度数分别为 图4 7 x、y,那么x、y所适合的一个方程组是 ( ) yx,48yx,48,A( B( ,yx,,90yx,2,yx,48xy,48,C( D( ,yx,,290yx,,290,14、一

16、个两位数的十位数字与个位数字之和是7,如果把这个两位数加上45,那么恰好成为个位数字与十位数字对调后的两位数,则这个两位数是 ( ) A(16 B(25 C(38 D(49 15、等腰三角形的腰长是4cm,则它的底边长不可能是 ( ) A(1cm B(3cm C(6cm D(9cm 16、下列条件中,不一定使两个三角形全等的条件是 ( ) A(两边一角对应相等 B(两角一边对应相等 C(三边对应相等 D(两边和它们的夹角对应相等 二、填空题 2、点P在第二象限内,则Q在第 象限 1(a,b)(,b,a,b)2、若某点向右平移2个单位,再点向下平移3个单位,所得点是坐标原点,则这个点的坐标为 3

17、、在美术课上画人体素描时,陈成将鼻梁画在直角坐标系的轴上,若右眼坐标为(2,5),y则左眼坐标是 4、等腰三角形一边长是10?,一边长是6?,则它的周长是 . 5、某公路急转弯处设立了一面大镜子,从镜子中看到汽车的车辆的号码如图 所示, 则该汽车的号码是 . 6、五边形中,前四个角的比为1?2?3?4,第五个角比最小角多100?,则五边形的五个内角分别为_ 00,ABC7、在中,D、E分别是AB、AC上的点,BE、CD交于F,若 ,A,65,,ABE,30,0,BEC,,BFC, 则 , ,ACD,25,01008、已知等腰三角形的一个外角等于,则它的底角等于 9、一个凸多边形的内角中,最多有

18、 个锐角 10、一个凸多边形的每个内角都等于140?,那么从这个多边形的一个顶点出发共有 条对角线 5x,11、满足的非负整数解是 2,2,x,3 满足的整数解是 22b,a,012、已知,则的大小为 ab,a,b8 2345,1,b,0 已知,则的大小为 b,b,b,b,b13、已知,请将用“,”由小到大排列 a,b,0,ab,0,a,ba,a,b,b3x,ax,214、已知方程的解是不等式的最小整数解,则代数式3(x,2),7,5(x,1),819 7a,a22a,0a,0a,115、下列说法:?如果,那么;?如果,那么;?如果,a,0a,a2222a,0a,b那么;?如果,那么;?如果,

19、那么;?如果a,aa,aac,bc22a,b,那么;?如果x,y,x,x,y,y,那么。 ac,bcxy,0其中正确的有 216、已知,若,则的取值范围是 3x,12,(2x,y,m),0my,04.817、一次测验共有5道题,做对1道题得1分,已知26人的平均分超过分,其中有3人得4分,最低分3分,则得5分的有 人 18、有人问一位老师,他教的班级有多少学生,老师说:“一半学生在学数学,四分之一的学生在学音乐,七分之一的学生在念外语,还有不足6位学生正在操场踢足球。”因此,这个班一共有学生 人。 3x,2y,4a,3,2x,3y,a,719、已知,则的取值范围是 a,x,y,0,20、若一个

20、三角形的三边长分别是,则的取值范围为 mm,2,10,2m,1x,121、当 时,代数式的解集是 aa(x,1),x,1,2a20cm22、一等腰三角形,周长为,从底边上的一个顶点到腰的中线,分三角形周长为两部2cm分,其中一部分比另一部分长,则腰长是 ax,2y,1,1a,2b,x,x,yx,y23、若时,关于的二元一次方程组的解互为倒数,则 ,2x,by,2,24、若AC、BD、EF两两互相平分于点O,则图中所有的全等三角形 对9 A E D O B F C 24题 25、若直线表示三条互相交叉的公路,现在要建一个货物中转站,要求它到三条公l,l,l123路的距离相等,则可选择的地点有 处

21、。 0,ABC,BAC26、在中,AD平分交BC于D,DE,AB于E,若,C,90,AC,BC,,则,DBE的周长为 BC,20cm,BE,7.6cm三、解答题: x,a,2x,2,a,1、若不等式组有解,试判断不等式组的解的情况 ,x,3a,2x,a,2,3x,y,1,2、已知方程组,(1)若方程组的解满足为正数,求的取值范围; xm,x,2y,m,(2)若方程组的解满足x,y,求的取值范围 mmx,4y,8,3、若,满足,求的取值范围 mx,0,y,0,3x,2y,6,x,y,z4、已知为三个非负有理数,且满足3x,2y,z,5,x,y,z,2,若S,2x,y,z,求S的最大值与最小值。

22、10 5、如图5,在?ABC中,BO平分?ABC,CO平分?ACB,DE过O且平行于BC,已知?ADE的周长为10cm,BC的长为5cm,求?ABC的周长. A O E D C B 6、儿童公园的门票价格规定如下表: 图5 购票人数 1,50人 51,100人 100人以上 每人门票价 13元 11元 9元 某校七(1)、(2)两个班共104人去游儿童公园,其中(1)班人数较少,不到50人,(2)班人数较多,经估算,如果两班都以班为单位分别购票,则一共应付1240元,问:(1)两班名有多少学生,(2)如果两联合起来,作为一个团体购票,可以省多少钱, x,3310xky,,7、已知是方程组的解,

23、求k和m的值. ,y,1mxy,,8,8、已知一个等腰三角形的三边长分别为x、2x、5x-3,求这个三角形的周长. 9、某校七(2)班40名同学为“希望工程”捐款,共捐款100元,捐款情况如表: 捐款(元) 1 2 3 4 人数(人) 6 7 表格中捐款2元和3元的人数不小心被墨水污染已看不清楚,你有办法弄清这两个被污染的两个数字吗,说明你的理由. 11 10、某商场准备进一批两种不同型号的衣服,已知购进A种型号衣服9件,B种型号衣服10件,则共需1810元;若购进A种型号衣服12件,B种型号衣服8件,共需1880元;已知销售一件A型号衣服可获利18元,销售一件B型号衣服可获利30元,要使在这

24、次销售中获利不少于699元,且A型号衣服不多于28件. (1)求A、B型号衣服进价各是多少元, (2)若已知购进A型号衣服是B型号衣服的2倍还多4件,则商店在这次进货中可有几种方案,并简述购货方案. 12 (英文版 ) Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implement

25、ation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a hig

26、h standard; around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line . Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduc

27、es two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several

28、key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. and revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines and column 1 by

29、2015 to strengthen 13 party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; fo

30、llow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the partys leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the and , reflects the partys 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the e

31、xperience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the partys eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of in based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to streng

32、then the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to hard to remember, and

33、also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations 14 repeat and Criminal law and other laws a

34、nd regulations repeat; the fourth is to clean the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. is in 1997 based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party pl

35、ay very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition;

36、 two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all

37、Party members. Based on the above situation, need to and the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of p

38、arty compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth 15 Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commis

39、sion for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline I

40、nspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Sec

41、retary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communis

42、t Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political De

43、partment of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political

44、 16 Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the w

45、hole party, embodies the party. Second, and revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the partys eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions

46、 on the revised and , highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent and . Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specifi

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