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1、SAP FI 模块学习笔记 PATRICEUnit 1Basic settings 基础设置Unit Overview 单元概述l Company code, business areas公司代码，业务范围l Fiscal Year会计年度l Currencies货币l Variant principle变式原则Unit Objectives 单元目标After completing this unit, you will be able to:Map the accounting structure of your company using mySAP ERP Financials org
2、anizational units 使用SAP财务组织单元描绘贵公司的会计结构。 Explain the meaning of the terms “company code” and “business area” and their differences解释术语“公司代码”和“业务范围”的含义和它们的区别。 Create a company code 创建一个公司代码。 Explain the use and advantages of the variant principle 解释变式原则的用法和优点。 Explain the necessity and use of a fisca
3、l year variant 解释会计年度变式的必要性和用法。 Explain different types of fiscal year variants解释不通类型的会计年度变式。 Define a fiscal year variant according to your requirements根据你的需求定义一个会计年度变式。 Assign the fiscal year variant to a company code给公司代码分配一个会计年度变式。 Define currencies in the mySAP ERP system 给SAP系统定义货币。 Explain th
4、e meaning of different exchange rate types解释不同汇率类型的含义。 Maintain exchange rates维护汇率。 Use the different tools for maintaining exchange rates使用不痛的工具维护汇率。 Explain the options for maintaining exchange rates解释维护汇率的各个选项。Lesson: Organizational Units 组织单元Lesson OverviewReflect the organizational units in acc
5、ounting with mySAP ERP. Explain the terms client, company code, and business area解释术语. Create company codes and business areas. Copy company codes. Make country-specific settings 做国别设置，我们国家的特殊设置Lesson ObjectivesAfter completing this lesson, you will be able to:. Map the accounting structure of your
6、company using mySAP ERP Financials organizational units使用SAP财务组织单元描绘贵公司的会计结构。. Explain the meaning of the terms .company code. and .business area. And their differences解释术语“公司代码”和“业务范围”的含义和它们的区别。. Create a company code创建一个公司代码。Business Example 业务例子Your clients company is a medium-sized enterprise ba
7、sed in the course country. The enterprise is a single legal entity.贵公司是一家中型国有公司。是独立的法律实体Organizational Units in mySAP ERP FinancialsThe client is the highest level in the mySAP ERP system hierarchy. Specifications or data that is valid for all organizational units in mySAP ERP applications (such as
8、exchange rates, for example) are entered at the client level. This eliminates the need to enter this information more than once. Each client is an independent unit with separate master records and a complete set of tables and data. Users must enter a client key and have a user master record in the c
9、lient in order to log on to the system.集团代码是SAP系统中最高层次的组织单位。规格或数据作为所有的在SAP集团层进入的应用的会计主体的根据。这就避免了重复输入这些信息。每个集团代码都是独立的单元，都有单独的数据记录和完整的数据表设置。用户必须输入一个客户端号和用户号才能登录系统。在client那层的数据设置对SAP中所有的组织单元都是有效的，Client与client是毫无联系的，用户是建立在client里面的 用户不可以跨clientImportant organizational units in Financials:. Company Code
10、 (for external外部的 purposes目的) A company code represents表现了 an independent balancing/legal accounting entity. 代表一个独立的法定的会计实体. 谁对外出独立报表就设计成公司代码Company Code. An example would be a company with independent accounts within a corporate group. Financial statements required by law can be created at company
11、code level. Therefore, a company code is the minimum structure necessary in mySAP ERP Financials. In an international business, operations are often scattered分散 across numerous很多的 countries. Since most government and tax authorities require the registration注册 of a legal entity实体 for every company, a
12、 separate company code is usually created per country. Business Area (for internal purposes) Business areas represent separateareas of operation within an organization and can be used across companycodes. They are balancing entities that can create their own set of financialstatements for internal p
13、urposes. It is therefore possible to save and evaluatetransaction figures for each business area. The use of business areas isoptional.Creating a Company CodeHint: The IMG suggests the following order:. Copy, Delete, Check Company Code. Edit Company Code DataCopy an existing company code. This has t
14、he advantage that you alsocopy the existing company code-specific parameters. After copying, youcan edit data in your new company code.You have to select a four digit alphanumeric key as the company codekey. This key identifies the company code and, for example, must beentered later when posting bus
15、iness transactions or creating companycode-specific master data.Hint: The use of the copy function is optional. You can also define thecompany code and carry out the configuration yourself, without using areference company code.Company CodeThe objects in the activity Edit Company Code Data include t
16、he following:. Theaddress data is required for correspondence and is recorded onevaluation reports. You must define a currency for each company code. Accounts are managedin the company code currency. All other currencies are interpreted asforeign. The system translates the amounts posted in a foreig
17、n currency intothe company code currency. The currency defined in the company code isknown in mySAP ERP Financials as local currency. You must enter a language key so that the system can create textsautomatically in the correct language; for example, when issuing checks. Thecountry key specifies whi
18、ch country is to be regarded as the homecountry. The system interprets all other countries as foreign. This isimportant for business or payment transactions, since different forms arerequired for foreign payment transactions. The system also supports differentaddress formats for foreign corresponden
19、ce.When you define a business area, you only have to enter a four digit alphanumerickey and a short description.Country TemplatesIn the mySAP ERP standard system, company code 0001 is a template fora general company code with chart of accounts INT and no special countryspecifications.If you need a c
20、ompany code for a country that has a country template, you canuse the country installation program to copy the country-specific tables from thecountry template to company code 0001. Company code 0001 is then configuredfor the corresponding country. You should then copy this company code into yournew
21、 company code. You may then start the country installation program againto create a template for another country and so on.Hint: The country installation program not only creates a country-specificcompany code template but also a country-specific template forcontrolling areas, plants, purchasing org
22、anizations, sales organizations,credit control areas, financial management areas, and so on.Caution: Do not forget to copy the country template before you continue.Do not use company code 0001 as your productive company code becausethe country version program always uses this company code as the tar
23、getcompany code.Also, you should only run the country installation program in a newinstallation of mySAP ERP and not in an upgrade installation. This isbecause the structure of the country-specific Customizing may havechanged from one mySAP ERP release to another.Exercise 1: Organizational UnitsExer
24、cise ObjectivesAfter completing this exercise, you will be able to:. Create a company codeBusiness ExampleYour clients company is a medium sized enterprise based in the course country.The enterprise is a single legal entity.Task 1:Create a company code GR# that reflects your clients company. In the
25、rest ofthis course, you will be working in this company code.1. Company code 1000 already contains all the necessary settings and data.Copy company code 1000 to your new company code GR#.Also copy the general ledger accounts at this point!2. Change the definition of your company code GR#:Company nam
26、e: Group #Country: Course countryCurrency: Local currencyLanguage: Local languageYou can fill the other fields to meet your requirements.3. Review the global parameters that were copied for your company codewhen you created it.试验中遇到的问题：需要创建request 输入登录用户号-新建request(一页小白纸标志)-输入描述-创建Task 2:Search the
27、Implementation Guide (IMG) for all the settings that are relevant （有关的）for the business area balance sheet 资产负债表.Hint（提示）: Use the binoculars（双眼的）icon to search for Business area fin. statements.1. Look for all the settings that are relevant for the .business area balance sheet.Task 3:True or false?
28、1. You can assign a business area to a company code directly.Determine whether this statement is true or false. True FalseLesson: Variant Principle变式原则（为了消除数据yongyu）Lesson OverviewYou get a theoretical insight using the variable principle within the SAP system.Lesson ObjectivesAfter completing this
29、lesson, you will be able to:. Explain the use and advantages of the variant principleBusiness ExampleYour customer has been informed by an experienced consultant顾问 that there is aprinciple in mySAP ERP that appears in several configuration tables配置表 and thatsimplifies简化 the system for him. 字段装态 记账期间
30、 会计年度Figure 6: The Variant PrincipleThe following example should explain this principle: Create a fiscal year variant. Define the variant: K4 is your fiscal year variant. Determine赋值 values for the variant K4: Define the properties of fiscal year K4. Assign the variant to mySAP ERP objects: Assign K
31、4 to various companycodes that use this fiscal year. The main advantage for using variants is that it is easier to maintainproperties which are common among several business objects.维护变式就可以维护它在几个变量Lesson: Fiscal YearLesson OverviewThis lesson explains how you define different fiscal year variants.Le
32、sson ObjectivesAfter completing this lesson, you will be able to:. Explain the necessity and use of a fiscal year variant. Explain different types of fiscal year variants. Define a fiscal year variant according to your requirements. Assign the fiscal year variant to a company codeBusiness ExampleThe
33、 companys fiscal year corresponds to the calendar year公历年. The Accounting Manager wants four special periods for postings for year-end closing.下一年的1,2,3,4,月份Figure 7: The Fiscal Year 与年度无关 会计期间的数量和开始结束的时间每一年都一样 年度相关To assign business transactions to different periods, you have to define a fiscalyear
34、 with posting periods. You define the fiscal year as a variant that is assignedto the company code.The fiscal year variant contains the definition of posting periods会计期间 and specialPeriods特殊会计期间. Special periods are used for postings that are not assigned to timeperiods,特殊会计期间是没有分配时间段， but to the bu
35、siness process of .year-end closing. In total, you candefine 16 periods.The system derives获取 the posting period from the posting date.系统可以通过记账的日期获得记账期间 If the posting date falls within the last normal posting period, you can post the transaction in oneof the special periods.如果我们的记账期落在了最后一个正常的记账期间，你可
36、以把它落在任何一个特殊的记账期间Example: The graphic shows a fiscal year with 12 posting periods and 4 specialperiods. If the posting date falls in the 12th period, you can post the transaction inone of the four special periods instead.Standard fiscal year variants are already defined in the system and you can uset
37、hem as templates.Hint: The fiscal year variant does not specify whether a period is open orclosed. 会计年度变式是不会定义它的那个期间是开着还是关着This data is managed in another table. 这个数据是另外一张表控制的The fiscal year variant only defines the number of periods and their start and finish dates.会计年度变式只定义期间数量和开始结束的时间。Figure 8: Y
38、ear-Independent Fiscal Year Variant 都属于年度无关的If each fiscal year of a fiscal year variant uses the same number of periods, and theposting periods always start and end on the same day of the year, the variant isyear-independent. A year-independent fiscal year variant can be defined as:. Calendar year.
39、 Non-calendar yearIf the fiscal year is defined as the calendar year, the posting periods are equalto the months of the year. Therefore, a fiscal year that is a calendar year musthave 12 posting periods.If the fiscal year is defined as a non-calendar year, you have to define the postingperiods by as
40、signing end dates to each period. A non-calendar year can havebetween 1 and 16 posting periods. If the non-calendar year does not start onJanuary 1st, the periods of the year that belong to the former or the coming fiscalyear must have an indicator -1 or +1.The example above on the right shows a non
41、-calendar year with 6 posting periodswhich goes from April to March. The months January to March therefore stillbelong to the old fiscal year and have the indicator -1.If the fiscal year differs from the calendar year, but the posting periods correspondto calendar months, the day limit for February
42、should be 29 to consider leap years.Fiscal years are normally year-independent. 闰年是年度无关的。系统分闰年平年Figure 9: Year-Specific Fiscal Year Variants每年记账期间开始和结束时间不一样，那么记账期间是年度相关的。A fiscal year variant has to be defined as year-specific if one of the followingconditions is fulfilled: The start and end dates o
43、f the posting periods for somefiscal years are different to the dates for other fiscal years. Some fiscal years use adifferent number of posting periods.If all of the fiscal years of a fiscal year variant have the same number of postingperiods, only the different period dates for the different years
44、 have to be defined(see example on the left).If one year of a fiscal year variant has less posting periods than the others, it iscalled a shortened fiscal year (see example on the right). This could be required,for example, if closing has to be carried out before the end of the normal fiscalyear; (f
45、or example, if the beginning of the fiscal year should be changed or if thecompany was sold). You have to define the shortened fiscal year and its number ofposting periods before you can define the period dates. For this year, you can onlyassign a lower number of posting periods.Lesson: CurrenciesLe
46、sson OverviewThis lesson presents the configurations options in this area.Lesson ObjectivesAfter completing this lesson, you will be able to:. Define currencies in the mySAP ERP system. Explain the meaning of different exchange rate types. Maintain exchange rates. Use the different tools for maintai
47、ning exchange rates. Explain the options for maintaining exchange ratesBusiness ExampleThe company has customers and vendors in several foreign countries. The headaccountant is worried that keeping the exchange rates up to date in the system willinvolve a substantial amount of work. You need to convince him that it is muchless work than expected if the tools mySAP ERP offers are used.Figure 10: Currencies and Exchange Rate Type