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1、职称英语卫生类概括大意与完成句子练习 (1)Smoke gets in your mind1. Lung can cer, hyperte nsion, heart disease, birth defects we are all too familiar with the dangers of smoking. But add to that list a frightening new concern. Mental illness. According to some controvesial new findings, if smoking does not kill you, it
2、 may, quite literally, drive you to despair.2. The tobacco industry openly pushes its product as something to lift your mood and smoothe anxiety. But the short-term feel-good effect may mask the truth: that smoking may worsen or even trigger anxiety disorders, panic attacks and depression, perhaps e
3、ven schizophrenia.3. Cigarettes and mental illness have always tened to together. An estimated 1.25 billion people smoke worldwide. Yet people who are depressed or anxious are twice as likely to smoke, and up to 88 precent of those with psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia are smokers. A recent
4、 American survey concluded that around half of all cigarettes burn in the fingers of those with mental illness.4. But the big question is why? The usual story is that the illness comes first. Mentally ill people take up smoking, or smoke more, to alleviate some of their distress. Even when smoking s
5、eems to start before the illness, most doctors believe that early but invisible symptoms of the desire to light up. But perhaps something more sinister.5. A growing number of researchers claim that smoking is the cause, not theconsequence of clinical depression and several forms of anxiety.out“we kt
6、he effects of smoking on physical health, and now we are also starting to see the adverse effects in new research on mental illness , says Naomi Breslau, dresearch at the Henry Ford Health Care System in Detroit.6. Breslau was one of the first to consider this heretical possibility. The hint came fr
7、om studies, published in 1998, which followed a group of just over 1,000 young adults for a five-year period. The 13 percent who began the study with major depression were around three times more likely to progress from being light smokers to daily smokers during the course of the study, though ther
8、e was no evidence that depression increased the tendency to take up smoking. But a history of daily smoking before the study commenced roughly doubled the risk of developing major depression during the five-year period. Smoking, it seems, could pre-date illness.7. At first Breslau concluded that wha
9、tever prompts people to smoke might also make them depressed. But as the results of other much larger studies began to back the statistical link, she became more convinced than ever that what she was seeing were sings that smoking, perhaps the nicotine itself, could somehow affect the brain and caus
10、e depression.8. One of these larger studies was led by Goodman, a paediatrician. She followed the health of two groups of teenagers for a year. The first group of 8704 adolescents were not depressed, and might or might not have been smokers, while the second group of 6947 were highly depressedand ha
11、d not been smokers in the past month. After a year her team found that although depressed teenagers were more likely to have become heavy smokers, previous experimentation with smoking was the strongest predictor of such behaviour, not the depression itself. What is more important is that teenagers
12、who started out mentally fit but smoked at least one packet per week during the study were four times more likely to develop depression than their non-smoking peers. Goodman says that depression does not seem to start before cigarette use among teens.“ Current cigarette use is, however, a powerful d
13、eterminof developing high depressive symptoms9. Breslau, too, finds that smokers are as much as four times more likely to have an isolated panic attack and three times more likely to develop longer-term panic disorder than non-smokers. It s a hard message to get across, because many smokers say they
14、 become anxious when they quit, not when they smoke. But Breslau says that this is a short-lived effect of withdrawal which masks the reality that, in general, smokers have higher anxiety levels than non-smokers or ex-smokers.1. Paragraph 3.2. Paragraph 4.3. Paragraph 6.4. Paragraph 8.A. Doubt about
15、 the usual beliefB. Researcher s opinions dividedC. Positive effects of smoking as advertisedD. close association between depression and smokingE. Breslau s conclusion supported by another larger studyF. Effect of smoking on mental health initially proved标准答案： C,A,F,E19、 5. Nowadays many doctors hav
16、e become aware that smoking is not only a Hazard to people s physical health .6. The cigarette ads which claim that smoking can help soothe anxiety .7. Breslau s study than Goodman s but lasted longer.8. To contradict Breslau s conclusion, many smokers say that they are less anx when they smoke .A. have been proved to be misleadingB. but to their mental health as wellC. taking up smokingD. involved fewer peopleE. they started to smoke at an early ageF. But their level of anxiety increases when they quit smoking 标准答案： B,A,D,F