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1、文档来源为:从网络收集整理.word 版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持LabModuleReportExperiment1Eep.Prefermentweek1:2012/10/26Prefermentweek2:2012/11/2Labparter:Manager:RulongWuSoftwareTechnician:JeanHirshfeldChemist:SaraFurgesonMethodsandMaterialsPart 1: SynthesizingSodiumFerrateTobeginwith,20mLofcommercialbleachwaspouredintoa50mLbeaker
2、,whichinturnwasplacedwithamagneticstirringrodonastirplate.Then10gofNaOHpelletswereaddedtothebeakerandthestirplateturnedonandthesolutionstartedtomix.Thenusingapipette,0.50mLof0.30MFeClwasaddedtodissolvedNaOHsolution.Themixturewasstirredfor10minutesandcooleddownfor5minutes.Asuctionfiltrationapparatusw
3、asassembledandthesolutionwasfilteredsothatonlytheconcentratedsolutionofsodiumferrateremained.Thevolumeofthesolutionwasthenmeasuredusingagraduatedcylinderandthesolutionpouredintoavialforlateruse.Part 2: CalculatethePercentYieldofFerrateTheSpectraVisspectrometerwascalibratedusingDIwaterinfullspectrumm
4、ode.TheDIwaterwasremovedthoroughlyusingaplasticpipetteandthesodiumferratewasputinitsplace.Theabsorbanceofthesodiumferrateat510nmwasrecorded;however,sincethevaluerecordeddidnotmeettherequirements,thesolutionwasdiluteduntilthevalueoftheabsorbancerecordedat510nmwasbeneath1.5.Whenthatlevelwasreached,ano
5、thersampleofthesolutionwastestedat510nmandanothervaluefortheabsorbancewasrecorded.Theremainderofthesolutionwasplacedinanotherbeakerinpreparationforthenextphaseoftheexperiment.TheconcentrationofferrateintheoriginalsolutionwascalculatedusingBeerThetwovaluesforconcentrationwereusedbytakingtheaverageoft
6、hetwotogettheexperimentalyieldoftheferrate.Thisvalueoftheexperimentalyieldwascomparedtothetheoreticalyieldthatwascalculatedatthebeginningoftheexperiment.Part 3: PerformingtheReactionbetweenFerrateandDIatrizoicInthispartoftheexperiment,thegoalwastoperformthereactionofferrateandDTZAtoseehowfastthereac
7、tiontakes.Thereactionwastobedonetwoseparatetimesandexpectedtobesimilaronetotheother.Inafirsttime,theSpectraVisspectrometerwascalibratedusingDIwater.AfterthecalibrationtheDIwaterwasdiscardedinawastebeaker.Then3mLofthesodiumferratesolutionwaspouredintoacuvetteandameasureoftheabsorbanceat510nmwasdone.S
8、imilarlytothesecondpart,iftheabsorbancevaluewasabove1.5,thesolutionwasdilutedtogetanappropriateabsorbancevalue.Thecuvettewasthoroughlycleaned.Afterwards,2.0mLofDTZAat0.040Mwasacquiredand1.5mLofthatsamesolutionwasdrawnwithapipetteandpouredintothecuvette.Thenextstepshadtobedonequicklyinordertoassureac
9、curateresults.1.5mLoftheFeO42-wasaddedtothecuvetteandatthattimeastopwatchwasstarted.Theabsorbancewasmeasuredassoonasbothsolutionsmixedinthecuvette.Thecuvettewasshakedfor5secondsandplacedinthespectrometertomeasureabsorbance.Everyonceinawhileduring5minutesworthofrecordingoftheabsorbancethecuvettewasta
10、kenoutandshaken.Themeasurementsweredoneevery30secondsduringthe5minutetimeframe.Afterthe5minuteswereup,theferrate-DTZAsolutionwasdiscardedinthewastebeakerandthecuvetterinsedout.TheabovewasrepeatedforanothertrialwithanothercombinationofferrateandDTZAidenticaltothepreviousone.Theworkareawasthencleaneda
11、ndahypothesisformulatedfortheresearchpartoftheexperiment.Materials:?20mLofCommercialBleach?StirringBar?StirPlate?10gofNaOHpellets?0.50mLof0.30FeCl3solution?SuctionFiltrationapparatus?Graduatedcylinder?GlassVial?SpectraVisspectrometer?Pipettes?Cuvette?Wastebeaker?Testtube?0.040MDTZA?Plasticbucket?Ice
12、?ThermometerResults(SaraFurgeson)Thetheoreticalyieldofthereactiontocreatesodiumferrateusingbleach,NaOH,andFeCl3wascalculatedusingtheFeCl3asthelimitingreagent.Asshownintheequationforthereaction,foreverymoleofFeCl3used,onemoleofsodiumferrate(Na2FeO4)wouldbeproduced.2FeCl3+3NaClO+10NaOH-2Na2FeO4+9NaCl+
13、5H2OThereactionused0.50mLof0.30MFeCl3,andthefinalamountofferratesolutionwas19mL.Thetheroreticalyieldwascalculatedtobe0.00769M.0.50mL*0.30mol/LFeCl3*1L/1000mL=0.00015mol0.00015mol/19mL*1000mL/L=0.00789mol/L=0.00789MStaringwith2.6mLofsolution,10mLofwaterwasaddedtodiluteit.Itsabsorbanceat510nmwas1.455,
14、givingitaconcentrationof0.001265M.Anothersamplehadanabsorbanceof1.192at510nmandaconcentrationof0.001037M.UsingtheformulaV1C1=V2C2theoriginalconcentrationsofthesolutionswerecalculatedtobe0.00613Mand0.00502M.Theaveragebetweenthemwas0.00558M.Thiswasdividedbythetheoreticalyieldof0.00789Mgivinga70.7perce
15、ntyield.CalculatingconcentrationsofsamplesV1C1=V2C22.6mL*C1=12.6mL*0.001265MC1=0.00613M2.6mL*C1=12.6mL*0.001037MC1=0.00502MAverageoftwoconcentrations(0.00613M+0.00502M)/2=0.00558MCalculatingthepercentyield(0.00558M/0.00789M)*100%=70.7%Thereactionbetweenthosesolutionsof00558Mferratewastimedasitreacte
16、dwithDTZA.Theabsorbancewasmeasuredasthetimedpassedtocalculatehowfastthereactionwastakingplaceandhowfasttheconcentrationwaschanging.Thenthisexperimentwasrepeatedatdifferenttemperaturestoseeifloweringthetemperaturewouldslowdownthereaction.Thetemperaturestestedwere1,4.8,12,and16degreesCelsius.Alltherat
17、esofreactionweretakenfromFigures3through7andcompiledintoTable8andFigure8forcomparison.5 文档来源为 :从网络收集整理.word 版本可编辑.文档来源为从网络收集整理.word版本可编辑欢迎下载支持Trial1:Time(s)ABS510nmFerrateConc.(M)00.6310.000548696300.6560.000570435600.6740.000586087900.6220.0005408701200.6050.0005260871500.5830.0005069571800.5600.00
18、04869572100.5520.0004800002400.5420.0004713042700.5420.0004713043000.5420.000471304Table1:Thistableshowsthedifferencesinabsorbanceat510nmandconcentrationasthetimechangesforthefirsttrialofthereactionbetweenferrateandDTZA.Figure 1: ThisshowsthefirsttrialoftimedreactionbetweenferrateandDTZAandtherelate
19、dequation.Trial2:Time(s)ABS510nmFerrateConc.(M)00.5890.000512174300.5780.000502609600.5790.000503478900.5790.0005034781200.5820.0005060871500.5780.0005026091800.5780.0005026092100.5690.0004947832400.5620.0004886962700.5580.0004852173000.5560.000483478Table2:Thistableshowsthedifferencesinabsorbanceat
20、510nmandconcentrationasthetimechangesforthesecondtrialofthereactionbetweenferrateandDTZA.Figure 2: ThisshowsthesecondtrialoftimedreactionbetweenferrateandDTZAandtherelatedequation.Reactionsat1DegreeCelsiusTime(s)ABS510nmFerrateConc.(M)00.8280.000720000300.8300.000721739600.8370.000727826900.7290.000
21、6339131200.7190.0006252171500.6550.0005695651800.6330.0005504352100.6580.0005721742400.6670.0005800002700.6300.0005478263000.6430.000559130Table3:ThisshowsthesamereactionwhentheferrateandDZTAstartedat1degreeCelsius.Asthereactiontakesplace,absorbanceandconcentrationchangewithtime.Figure 3: Thisshowst
22、herelationshipbetweenthetimeandtheconcentrationwhenthereactionstartedat1degreeCelsius.Reactionsat4DegreesCelsiusTime(s)ABS510nmFerrateConc.(M)00.8670.000753913300.8680.000754783600.8610.000748696900.8680.0007547831200.8450.0007347831500.8350.0007260871800.8370.0007278262100.8340.0007252172400.8440.0
23、007339132700.8320.0007234783000.8270.00071913Table4:ThisshowsthesamereactionwhentheferrateandDZTAstartedat4degreesCelsius.Asthereactiontakesplace,absorbanceandconcentrationchangewithtime.Figure 4: Thisshowstherelationshipbetweenthetimeandtheconcentrationwhenthereactionstartedat4degreesCelsius.Reacti
24、onsat8DegreesCelsiusTime(s)ABS510nmFerrateConc.(M)00.9390.000816522300.810.000704348600.8050.0007900.8090.0007034781200.8160.0007095651500.7930.0006895651800.8220.0007147832100.8120.0007060872400.8060.000700872700.8160.0007095653000.7930.000689565Table5:ThisshowsthesamereactionwhentheferrateandDZTAs
25、tartedat8degreesCelsius.Asthereactiontakesplace,absorbanceandconcentrationchangewithtime.Figure 5: Thisshowstherelationshipbetweenthetimeandtheconcentrationwhenthereactionstartedat8degreesCelsius.Reactionsat12DegreesCelsiusTime(s)ABS510nmFerrateConc.(M)00.6470.000562609300.6350.000552174600.910.0007
26、91304900.8470.0007365221200.8170.0007104351500.8390.0007295651800.8020.0006973912100.8070.0007017392400.7760.0006747832700.780.0006782613000.8030.000698261Table6:ThisshowsthesamereactionwhentheferrateandDZTAstartedat12degreesCelsius.Asthereactiontakesplace,absorbanceandconcentrationchangewithtime.Fi
27、gure 6: Thisshowstherelationshipbetweenthetimeandtheconcentrationwhenthereactionstartedat12degreesCelsius.Theconcentrationat0and30secondswaslowerthanallofthefollowingreadings.Therewasprobablysomeerror,sothesetwotimeswereignored.Reactionsat16DegreesCelsiusTime(s)ABS510nmFerrateConc.(M)00.7450.0006478
28、26300.7250.000630435600.7230.000628696900.7010.0006095651200.6950.0006043481500.6840.0005947831800.6810.0005921742100.6770.0005886962400.6750.0005869572700.6670.000583000.6670.00058Table7:ThisshowsthesamereactionwhentheferrateandDZTAstartedat16degreesCelsius.Asthereactiontakesplace,absorbanceandconc
29、entrationchangewithtime.Figure 7: Thisshowstherelationshipbetweenthetimeandtheconcentrationwhenthereactionstartedat16degreesCelsius.Temperature(oC)Rate(R2)10.79640.79780.265120.681160.913Table8:Thisshowsthefinalreactionratestakenfromtheequationsinthepreviousfigures.Figure 8: Thisgraphshowsthefinalre
30、lationshipsbetweentherateofreactionandinitialtemperatureofthesolution.Discussion:Thehypothesissuggestedanevolutionofthetimethereactionwouldtakeinfunctionofadecreasingtemperature.Toachievethedecreaseofthetemperatureforthesolution,asmallplasticbowlwasfilledwithcrushedice.Eachtime,thedilutedferratesolu
31、tionandtheDTZAwereproppedintheicebowlandcooledtothedesiredtemperatures(e.g16,12,8,4,1degreesCelsius)TheSpectraVisspectrometerwascalibratedonfullspectrummodewithacuvettefilledwithDIwater.Theferratesolutionproducedinpart1ofthemainexperimentwasthen10文档来源为：从网络收集整理.word版本可编辑.文档来源为:从网络收集整理.word 版本可编辑.欢迎下载
32、支持putinthespectrometerandameasureoftheabsorbanceat510nmwasdoneandwasshowntobesuperiorto1.5.Thesolutionwasthendilutedandstoredforallfuturetests.ThedilutedferratesolutionandtheDTZAwerethenmixedandputinthespectrometerwheretheabsorbancevalueswererecordedevery30secondsduring5minutes.Thecuvettewasthenclea
33、nedandtheprocessredonewithanothertemperatureuntilallthetemperatureslistedearlierwasrecorded.Thisconcludedtheexperimentthatwassupposedtotestourhypothesis.LimitationandImprovement：Butrecorddatadidnotshowanytrendthatreactiontimewaschanged.Sothisexperimentwasnotsucceeded.Ithassomereasonmayeffectederror:
34、1.Thetemperaturewasnotlowerthancanchangedthereactiontime.2.Unitchangeintheamountwastoosmall,cannotbecounted.3.Thecoolingtimewastooshort,thesampledidnotaffect.4.Detectedwhenthetemperaturerecovery.alloftheabovereasonsmayresultinthefailureoftheexperiment.Becauseoflimitedspaceandequipment,andnotverygood
35、coolingequipmentandtiming.Thenextexperimentwemusttaketheseconditionsintoaccount.Conclusion:Inweek1,theexperimentweperformissuccessful.Becausetheabsorbancedecreasesastimeincrease.Unfortunately,inweektwoexperiment,thedatarecordhadnothadmuchdifferentbetweendifferenttemperature.Sodatarecordcannotbeimprovedhypothesis.Actually,wedidtrytoadjustthetemperatureofthesolutionfor11文档来源为:从网络收集整理.word版本可编辑.文档来源为:从网络收集整理.word 版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持severaltimes,buttheabsorbancestillwired.FerrateConc.decreasesatrendisnotasperfectintheory.12文档来源为:从网络收集整理.word 版本可编辑