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1、Lesson 39 Nothing to worry about 不必担心New words and expression 生词和短语Rough a 崎岖不平的=no smooth1）not smooth 粗糙的，崎岖的rough skin rough roadWed better not take the rough road.2）not exact 大致的a rough idea 一个大致的想法a rough drawing 一个草图at a rough guess 我猜，大概是eg. At a rough guess, he was about forty-five.3） not gen
2、tle 野蛮，激烈，粗鲁的a rough game a rough man Be rough on sb 对某人苛刻、无礼Don t be rough on your friends.4） unfair or unlucky 倒霉的its rough on sbboulder b ?ld? n.大石块（ a large stone or piece of rock） （卵石，大圆石（圆形巨石）；巨砾）pebble peb（?）l n. 小卵石，小石子（a small smooth stone found on the beach or on the bottom of river）eg. Yo
3、u are not the only pebble on the beach!（ used to say that you are not the only person who has to be considered or deserves attention）eg. You are not the only fish in the sea.cobble k?b（?）l n. for paving the road 大石子（大卵石，中砾）rubble r ?b（?）ln.碎石，瓦砾（毁坏后的房屋，或者是铺设在地面最下一层的碎石）pit p?t n.坑，地上的洞（ 1、矿井，矿洞2、 （挖出
4、沙砾或黏土后留下的） 大坑 3、 vt 使留疤痕4、 vi凹陷）eg. A fall in the pit, a gain in your wit 吃一堑，长一智。in the pit of your stomach/at the pit of your stomach 心窝，胸口a knot of fear in the pit of my stomach 心里总觉得害怕be pitted with 坑坑洼洼的布满，挖坑eg. The road was pitted after the rain.eg. The moons surface is pitted with many crater
5、s. 月球的表面有许多火山形成的坑洞。eg. Her eyes were pitted with joy.be littered with 杂乱的堆满eg. The road is littered with stones and pitted with holes.pittance n.微薄的薪俸或津贴eg. The chicken-food she was given for cleaning that home so beautifully was nothing but a pittance.nothing but 只是，上节课讲到的。她给人家清扫房屋挣到的那点钱连塞牙缝的都不够。cr
6、ater kre?t? n.（火山的）喷火口；弹坑scoop sku:p n. 凹穴，坑（本意1、 vt 用勺子舀2、勺形物（特殊的勺子，比如冰淇淋，奶粉，咖啡）3、独家新闻（勺子舀出来的，挖掘出来的）Perturb p ?t?:b v. 使不安 =very upset （ vt. 扰乱；使混乱；使心绪不宁）Be perturbed about sthHis threats didnerturbt pher in the least.Disturb 并非用心去扰乱，语气弱得多It is disturbing to think that a wild animal is still at lar
7、ge in the quite countryside.Plague ple ?g 病痛或类似事情的折磨而使人苦恼（本意是瘟疫、鼠疫、天灾，引申出动词“使困扰”）The terrible disease plagued him. be plagued byTrouble 搅扰别人的安宁，舒适等Sorry to give you trouble./sorry to trouble you.Worry 表达不安的心情到了忧虑的程度He is worried about his son s safety.Upset 内心忐忑不安I feel upset now because I am afraid
8、 I hurt you.Dismay 使沮丧underestimate v.低估了underestimate sb underestimate difficulty underestimate the importance of trainingoverestimate v. 高估了under-under-develop 没有开发under-develop areaundercooked 没炒熟的undersell 廉价售出Scoop sku:p v.（用勺子）挖出，铲出She scooped out some suger.Make a scoop 走运，赚大钱，抢先得到新闻That guy
9、made a scoop.swerve sw?:v v. （ vi. 转弯；突然转向；背离vt. 使转弯；使突然转向；使背离n. 转向；偏离的程度）1） to make a sudden sideways movement in order to avoid hitting sth vi 急转弯（以躲避）eg. The car swerved across the road and crashed into a wall.车子急忙躲闪横着撞到了墙上。turn just in time 及时地躲开了veer ： v? to change direction suddenly （ 1、 vi 突然
10、转向2、 vi 改变立场）2） to change from an idea, course of action （ vt 使转向，使背离）eg. Nothing could swerve him from his aims. 什么都动摇不了他的志向。scoop sku:p v. 挖出（用勺子）挖出，铲出）1） scoop up 舀起，铲起eg. The children scooped up the snow with their hands to build a snow man.eg. He cupped his hands and scooped up a little water.
11、他捧起手舀了一些水。2） 迅速收拾起，抱eg. The mother scooped the baby up in her arms and ran from the flames.scoop out 舀起，铲起，挖出scoop out some sugar scoop out a tunnel 开凿隧道n.瓢，大勺，铲子a scoop of ice cream 一勺冰淇淋n.独家新闻eg. The journalist was sure that he had a scoop for his paper. eg. Whats the scoop? 有什么新闻（消息）吗?at one scoo
12、p 一下子eg. He win 50 at one scoopget a scoop 捞了一大笔钱eg. He got a scoop in stocks and shares. 他在炒股过程中捞了一大笔钱。Make a scoop 走运，赚大钱，抢先得到新闻That guy made a scoop.hammer h?m ? v 用锤子击打、捶打under the hammer 被拍卖；在拍卖hammer out 设计出；锤成；苦心想出hammer on （对准位置）钉牢；敲紧hammer at 敲打；致力于hammer into 钉入；敲进；向硬灌 steam hammer n. 机 汽锤
13、Ominously m?n?sliadv有预兆地（恶兆地；不吉利地）Ominous ?m?n?s adj 不祥的，不吉利的Look at those ominous black clouds.auspicious ?:sp?s adj.吉祥的，顺利的Omen ?m?n n./vt 预示着；预兆，征兆This is a good/bad omen The clouds omen rain.什么的征兆the omen of 用的是 of= the sign ofprelude prelju:d n. 序幕，前奏prelude 与介词 to 搭配表示“的前奏”key/ way/ answer 的所有
14、格用to a prelude to serious troubleRip r ?p v. 划破，撕，扯（ （猛地，用力地） （用力地撕开=forcefully Tear）（ n 裂口）Rip the letter open Rip one s mask away. Let things rip:=let things beRip into 攻击Rip off 偷窃（宰客; 宰人 ; 裂开 ; 偷窃）rip up 撕碎 ; 撕毁 ; 斯毁“撕裂、扯破”的意思，其区别是：rip 侧重指 用力 把布料等物撕开，也可指用粗暴手段把某物撕裂。tear 最 普通用词，指有意或无意地把布或纸等没接缝的材料撕
15、开。可作引申用。（tore, torn）split 非正式用词，指有力的切断、劈开或撕裂的动作 。petrol petr（ ?）l Br 汽油gasoline （gas） g?s ?li:n Am 汽油petroleum p ?tr?l?m 石油 （ oil 普通用词）crude oil 原油petrol bomb 汽油弹petrol station 加油站OPEC: the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countrieseksp?:t； ?k -反义词 importSinopec 中石化 SINO 即中国，希腊语中表示中国的称谓，词头是Sino-表
16、示中国的，例如中欧关系得说Sino-Euro，不能说China-Euro 。PEC 即 Petroleum & Chemical Corporation 。 PE 就是石油的缩写。C 是化学品的缩写PetroChina 中石油Stretch n.一大片（量词 ） （作为名词时第二个意思：连续 ）（ v.伸展，延伸，绵延）A stretch of land A stretch of waterAt a stretch 连续 地，不停顿地We worked for hours at a stretch. We drove fast on a stretch of open field.He is
17、unable to work for long stretches. 他不能连续地工作。A stretch of hills也可作动词，（ vt&vi . 伸展，延伸，绵延）stretch out 伸出；到了极限He stretched out his hand to get the apple.There are forests stretching for hundreds of miles. （ 绵延 ）Transport was rather stretched in the Spring Festival. （ 伸展到极限）Obstacle ?bst?k（?）l n. 障碍 Obst
18、acle to 对象用介词to 引出Key/answer/shred/advantage/disadvantage/admission/damage + to 一起使用1）an object which blocks your way （ 挡住去路的）障碍（物）obstacle race 障碍赛跑2） sth that makes it difficult for you to achieve your aim 阻碍（多用于抽象含义）eg. Fear of change is the greatest obstacle to progress. Lack of education is an
19、obstacle to success.Constitute an obstacle to 构成障碍Remove/overcome an obstacle 克服障碍put obstacles in the way (of)/ Put obstacle in sbs way 妨碍某人的发展eg. His inability to speak English put a big obstacle in the way of his career. 语对其事业发展设置了障碍。obstruction ?bstr?k?(?)n n. 妨碍，阻挠( the act of trying to prevent
20、 a political process or the act of blocking aroad)obstruction of vital legislation 阻挠通过死刑立法obstruction of trafficHindrance h ?ndr(?)ns 阻碍事物发展的人或物，重点在妨碍事物的发展You are more of hindrance than help.Obstacle 阻于途中的物体，也指受阻碍的状况barrier b?r ? n. (困难，问题等)妨碍( a problem or rule that prevents people from doing sth
21、)a psychological barrier 心理障碍language barriern. 栅栏，关卡(设的卡子)，检票口( 警察封路)put a barrier across the road 在路上设一个关卡clump kl ?mp n. 丛，簇a clump of trees 树丛a clump of bushes 灌木丛a clump of grass 草丛cluster kl ?st? n.串，挂，群a cluster of grapes 一串葡萄a cluster of farm houses 一排农舍c cluster of bees 一群蜜蜂bunch b?n(t) ? 一
22、串，一束(群；串；突出物)a bunch of flowers a bunch of keys a bunch of grapesfissure f?（岩石或地面的）深的裂缝（ n. 裂缝， （尤指岩石上的）裂沟；分歧v. （使）裂开，分裂）词根是fission 分裂，裂变fusion 聚变形容词fissionable 可分裂的cellular fission 细胞分裂selj?l? 细胞的nuclear fission 核分裂crack kr?k n. 细小裂痕，龟裂（ 1、 vt&vi 使破裂; 破裂 2vt&vi 使噼啪作响; 发出辟裂声3、裂缝；裂纹，缝隙4、爆裂声，破裂声）eg. T
23、here are several cracks in the vase.gap g?p n. a space between two things （裂缝，间隙，差距）the generation gap 代沟bridge the gap 沟通bridge the gap between tradition and modernity 将传统溶于现代m?d?:n?t? renew v. 重复续订，更新（vt. 使更新；续借；续费；复兴；重申vi. 更新；重新开始）renew a subscription 续订刊物renew a driving license 更新驾照renew an atta
24、ck再次展开进攻renew strength 体力renew pleadings再三要求renew a friendship再续友情renewable adj. 可再生的；可更新的；可继续的n. 再生性能源recoverable adj. 可收回的；可恢复的；可补偿的space ship space shuttlerecyclable ri:sa?kl?bl adj. 可回收利用的；可再循环的recycle v. 回收利用；使再循环；重新使用pleading plid ? n 恳求 （ n. 恳求； 答辩状 adj. 恳求的 v. 恳求； 辩护； 引证； 承认 （有罪或无罪）； 以为借口（pl
25、ead 的现在分词）词根 plead pli:d （ vt. 借口；为.辩护；托称vi. 恳求；辩护）1、 V-I If you plead with someone to do something, you ask them in an intense, emotional way to do it. 恳求2、 V-I When someone charged with a crime pleads guilty or not guilty in a court of law, they officially state that they are guilty or not guilty
26、of the crime. 表示服罪/不服罪3、 V-T If you plead the case or cause of someone or something, you speak out in their support or defence. 为辩护He appeared before the committee to plead his case4、 V-T If you plead a particular thing as the reason for doing or not doing something, you give it as your excuse.以为借口M
27、r. Giles pleads ignorance as his excuse.gear n. 汽车排挡1） 档（位）go in low gear shift gear2） 一套用具（ a set of things that you wear for a particular activity ）最常见的是军人背的“行军包”rain gear 雨具 protective gear 保护装置astride ?stra?d /prep. 骑、跨 （ with one leg on each side of sth ）（ prep. 跨（或骑）在上；（跨越）在上；在（河、路等的）两边adv.（人的
28、两腿）分开地；跨着；骑着） If you sit or stand astride something, you sit or stand with one leg on each side of it. 跨着（某物） 地stride stra?d v.跨，跨骑（ vt. 跨过；大踏步走过；跨坐在）stride a horse 骑马 =ride astride the horse 跨骑在马背上crack kr?k 缝隙n.细小裂痕，龟裂 （ 1、 vt&vi 使破裂; 破裂 2vt&vi 使噼啪作响; 发出辟裂声3、 裂缝； 裂纹， 缝隙4、爆裂声，破裂声）eg. There are seve
29、ral cracks in the vase.zigzag z?gz?g n “之”字形（ n. 之字形，锯齿形线条；急转弯v. 曲折前进，作之字形行进adj. 曲折的，之字形的adv. 曲折地，之字形地）shallow ?l ? 浅的 （ adj.浅的；肤浅的n. 地理 浅滩 vt. 使变浅 vi. 变浅）superficial ,su:p?f?（?）l; ,sju:- adj. 表面的；肤浅的；表面文章的；外表的；（人）浅薄的superficial 通常指人的思想、言论、学识、著作等权停留于表面，缺乏必要的深度和全面性。shallow 指知识、议论、认识或立论肤浅，有时暗示图表面而无实际内
30、容。grind gra?nd v. 摩擦 v./n. （ground, ground）1、 vt 磨，常用grind up 表示把什么磨碎，或是把 磨光，把 磨锋利2、 vt 碾压 Grind wheat into flour3、 vi （ 机器因年久或过度使用而发出的） 刺耳的磨擦声4、 vi （ 机动车 ） 嘎嘎作响地缓慢移动Grind sth to piecesgrind to a halt/grind to a stop （ 1 、 （机动车） 轰隆隆地慢慢停下2、 （经济或进程等） 渐渐地停止）come to a grinding halt 突然停下来，咯吱一声停下来grind yo
31、ur teeth 磨牙 Grind one s teeth in angern. 1、磨2、苦差事eg. Waiting tables can be a red grind. 端盘子伺候人可是个苦差事 。Halt n. 停 =stop 1、使停住; 停住 2、使完全停止; 完全停止3、 n （活动、运动或进展的）中止; 终止They halt for a few minutes.Stop 最普通的用语，可代替cease（formal）,haltCease 非常正式的用词，表示中止The heart will cease to beat when life ceased.Pause 暂停 tim
32、e up 时间到（time s up） He paused for a breath.Halt 又表示名词Come to a halt/stopdashboard d? ?b?:d n.仪表盘 （汽车等的仪表板）（一般特指汽车和飞机的）diving board 跳水板ironing board 烫衣板drawing board 画板 surfboard 冲浪板sailing board 帆板仪表： instrument （各种测定仪）仪表板instrument board; dashboardpanel （控制） 面板 ; （仪表） 板Text 课文Nothing to worry about
33、 不定式做后置定语，其中先行词是逻辑宾语或逻辑主语nothing to fear something to eat anything to drinkthe man to finish the job the first man to （ 尤其是有限定词的情况）The rough road across the plain soon became so bad that we tried to get Bruce to drive back to the village we had come from.这一句中有很多小的语法成分。across the road介词短语做后置定语soon 状语
34、，位置看似随意中带着语感色彩。so.that结果状语从句get sb to do sth :persuade/advise sb to do 迫使某人做某事; 让某人去做某事; 使得某人去做某事Please get them to finish the work as quickly as possible.village 这个先行词作了from 的宾语，因此在village 与从句之间省略了关系代词that/which 。但不可用关系副词where。 （ where=from which ） to drive back to the village where we had come.Eve
35、n though the road was littered with boulders and pitted with holes, Bruce was not in the least perturbed.be littered with 布满be pitted with holes 坑坑洼洼not in the least :not at all 一点也不/not a bit /not the least /not the least bitHe was not in the least worry.I was +not in the least /by no means /not bi
36、t /not the fewest（informal） +surprised at the news. eg. He isnt in the least interested in becoming a teacher. eg. It doesnt matter in the least. 反义词 not a little 相当多的；非常eg. She is not a little fat. （ very fat）她可不是胖的一点半点的呢！not a bit （not at all）eg. She is not a bit fat. 她一点也不胖。Glancing at his map, h
37、e informedus that the next village was a mere twenty miles away a mere = only a mere + exact numberHe often described me how he picked up the painting for a mere 5 dollars.It was not that Bruce always underestimated difficulties. He simply had no sense of danger at all.it was not that 并不说，倒不是说，并非(It
38、 was not (to say) ).not that but (that) 不是而是并非完全否定，而是一般承认前句，一般降低前句的程度It is not that .but (that) It is not that I am not satisfied but that I have my own business to attend to.No that I dislike the work, but I have no time to do it.No matter what the conditions were, he believed that a car should be
39、driven as fast as it could possibly go.No matter what the conditions were, /whatever the conditions were, no matter what happens 无论如何，也要( used to say that you will definitely do sth )eg. Ill be there no matter what.no matter how no matter where no matter whoeg. No matter how late it was, my parents
40、always waited up for me. ( However late it was, ) a car should be driven as fast as it could possibly go.let a car rip.As we bumped over the dusty track, we swerved to avoid large boulders. The wheels scooped up stones which hammered ominously under the car.bump b?mp n. 肿块，隆起物；撞击vi. 碰撞，撞击；颠簸而行vt. 碰，
41、撞；颠簸主要指具体东西的有力碰撞，也可指碰到困难或障碍。bump over 颠簸eg. We bumped over the dusty track.eg. Our car bumped up and down on the rough and rocky road.bump sth on/against (to hit or knock against sth) 撞到什么上面eg. I bumped my head on the door.bump into sb : to meet sb 偶遇eg. I bumped into an acquaintance by chance.eg. W
42、hy did you bump into me? You had the whole street and you picked me?We felt sure that sooner or later a stone would rip a hole in our petrol tank or damage the engine.sooner or later 早晚eg. If we let the car rip, sooner or later well have an accident.eg. Theres nothing to worry about. He will come to
43、 our rescue sooner or later.Because of this, we kept looking back, wondering if we were leaving a trail of oil and petrol behind us.wondering 现在分词，做目的状语想知道，想弄个明白(同时注意leaving 现在时的语感)eg. I looked up of the window, wondering what was going outside.look back1) 向后看 vieg. I looked back to find a stranger
44、right after me.2) to think about sth that happened in the back 回首从前(往昔)；回想look back on vteg. When I looked back on those days that I spent in the college, I felt I could have done better.eg. Looking back on my childhood, I regarded it as the best moment in life.look ahead 向前看，展望未来eg. Looking ahead,
45、we are full of confidence.look forward to doing 期待eg. I look forward to your returning home soon.What a relief it was when the boulders suddenly disappeared, giving way to a stretch of plain where the only obstacles were clumps of bushes.what a relief 大感欣慰的是eg. What a relief it was when I slipped in
46、to the office late without being noticed.to ones relief 令人大感欣慰的是如释重负（松了一口气）eg. To our great relief the children all went back home on time.， giving way to a stretch of ,giving way to 现在分词短语，作结果状语give way to 让位给，转变为eg. Radio has given way to television in popularity. 电视机越来越普及，逐渐取代了收音机。eg. As the days grow longer, winter givers its way to spring. 由于天渐渐变长了，冬天要去了，春天快来了！But there was worse to come.the worse to comethe new year to comethe best to comeJust ahead of us there was a huge fissure. In re