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1、Unit 10Ive had this bike for three years.,Section A Grammar Focus,现在完成时： 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或保存的状态。,结构： 主语+ have / has + 动词的过去分词,一般疑问句： have / has ? Yes, I have. No, I havent. Yes, she has. No, she hasnt.,Revision,1. 现在完成时动词构成have /has + v 过去分词,助动词,否定,haventhasnt,疑问,Have you
2、?Has he?,常与下列时间状语连用：just , already, yet,ever, never, before, several times,现在完成时,1.过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。和already，never,ever,just,before,yet等状语连用。,2.过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，常与for或since引起的一段时间状语连用。,动词构成：have/has+v过去分词,have breakfast,I have just had my breakfast.,(现在我不饿),Im not hungry now,moved herein 2004,I
3、still live here,I have lived here for three years.,I have lived here since 2004/three years ago.,now,past,2. 现在完成时动词可以表示开始于过去持续 到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态。1) I have studied English since last year. 我从去年开始学习英语。2) She has lived in Beijing for five years. 她住在北京已经五年了。注意: come, go , leave, arrive, buy, lose,
4、receive, join, die, bury 和marry 等动词所表示的动作是一时的, 不能延续的, 故不能与for , since 等开头的表示一段时间的状语连用。不过, 这些词用于否定句则可以与表示持续的时间状语连用，即动作的不发生是可以持续的。,3. 现在完成时把过去的动作和现在的结果联系起来， 一般过去时只限于表示过去的动作本身, 与现在 的结果无关。现在完成时与一般过去时在意义上 的区别举例如下： I have cleaned my room. (My room is clean now.) 我已经打扫过我的房间了。 I cleaned my room last week. (
5、I did it in the past.) 我上周打扫了我的房间。 Father has gone to Amoy. (He went to Amoy and he is not here now.) 爸爸已经去厦门了。 They have bought a dictionary. (They bought a dictionary and they have it now.) 他们买了一本字典。,注意: 现在完成时不能和明确指出时间的状语(如: yesterday, last, year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when she came in
6、等)连用，但可以和不明确指出时间的状语(如: already, yet, ever, never, sometimes, always, often, before, once, twice, recently, lately等)连用；也可以和表示包括现在在内的时间状语(如：today, this morning, this week, this year等)连用。,( 1).for+表示一段时间的短语 ( 2).since+表示过去时间点的词语 ( 3).since+表示过去时间的时间状语从句,eg.I have been a teacher _ a year. He has been at
7、 this school _ 1992. We have learned 1,000 English words _ we came to this school.,for,since,since,现在完成时句中常见的时间状语A.表示从过去一直持续到现在, 不能是具体 的过去时间。,ever,just,already,yet,e.g. Have you _been to Japan? I have _ finished my homework. I have finished my homework _. I havent finished my homework _.,B. just, al
8、ready, yet, before/ ever, never有此类副词时,常强调动作完成,不强调动作的持续.,already “已经” ; yet “仍然, 还” 这两个副词常常用于完成时态, 其中already 常用于肯定句, yet常用于否定句和疑问句中。如: Jim has already finished his work. Jim已经把他的工作做完了。Mother hasnt come home yet. 妈妈还没回来。Havent you read The Call of the Wild yet? 你还没读过野性的呼唤吗？,现在完成时：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成
9、的影响或结果，或从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或保存的状态，强调的是现在的情况，不能和表示过去的时间状语连用（如：in 1990，last Sunday 等）。,一般过去时：一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系（即动作或状态在现在已经结束），它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。,现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：,have / has + V过去分词,现在完成时表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。如：Haveyoureadthatstory？你读过那个故事吗？（“读”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响是：是否知道故事的内容。）Ihaveboughttwoapples我买
10、了两个苹果。（“买”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的结果是：拥有两个苹果。）,4. 在现在完成时中ever,never,just,already,yet在用法和意思上有什么区别？,在学习这一概念的同时，还应注意常与现在完成时连用的几个副词：already, just, ever, yet, never等。already, just多用于肯定句中，ever, yet, never多用于疑问句和否定句中。如：Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework 我已经做完家庭作业了。 Hehasjusthadhismeal他刚吃过饭。 HaveyoueversungthisEnglishs
11、ong？ 你曾唱过这首英文歌吗？ Theyhaventstartedyet. 他们还没有身。 Wehaveneverheardofit 我们从来没有听说过这件事。,(1).Have (has)beenin意为“已经在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用。Mr.BrownhasbeeninShanghaiforthreedays.布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。TheyhavebeeninCanadaforfiveyears.他们到加拿大有五年了。,5. havebeenin,havebeento与havegoneto 的用法,(2).Have (has)beento 意为“曾经去过某地”
12、，表示现在已经不在那里了。可与 just,ever,never 等连用。如：Ivejustbeentothepostoffice. 我刚才去邮局了。 HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhou? 你曾经去过杭州吗？ MaryhasneverbeentotheGreatWall. 玛丽从未去过长城。,(3).Have (has)beento后面可接次数， 表示去过某地几次。如：IvebeentoBeijingthreetimes. 我去过北京三次。 Theyhavebeentothatvillageseveraltimes. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。(4).Have (has)gone
13、to意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、二人称代词作主语。如: WhereisTom?汤姆在哪里？ Hehasgonetothebookshop. 他到书店去了。,例如：He has gone to Hong Kong. 他到香港去了。(他已前往香港, 或在途中, 或已到达。说话人暗示他现在不在现场)He has been to Hong Kong. 他曾到过香港。(说话人认为他过去到过香港, 现在已不在该地。言外之意他对香港有所了解),Grammar Focus,for 和 since 在现在完成时中的应用,for与since都能与现在
14、完成时连用，但区别较大：（1）for后须接“时间段” He has studied English for five years. 他学英语5年了。（2）since后须接“时间点” He has studied English since 1999. 他从1999年开始学英语。,（3）二者可以转换 for + 一段时间 = since + 一段时间 + ago He has been here for five weeks.= He has been here since five weeks ago. 他到这儿已经有五个星期了。,如：He has taught here since he c
15、ame to China.自从他来到中国就在这儿教书。We have been friends since we met in school.我们从在学校见面起就成为了好朋友。,(4) since能引导时间状语从句(主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时)，而for则不能。,（5）现在完成时常用句型：It is (has been) +时间段+ since +时间状语或从句It is four days since last Friday.从上周五到现在已经四天了。It has been two years since Jim came to Beijing.吉姆来北京已经两年了。,This is
16、 the first (second) time that + 从句 句型中的that从句通常使用现在完成时。如：This is the first time that Jenny and Danny have been to China.这是珍妮和丹妮第一次来屮国。This is the third time that I have seen Karen.这是我第三次见到Karen。,（6）均须与延续性动词连用，也可以与非延 续性动词的否定式连用。如:I have bought this computer since four years ago. ()I have had this com
17、puter since four years ago. ()I havent bought anything for two months.( )I havent heard from him for 3 weeks. (),非延续性动词和延续性动词的转换,leave be away borrow keepbuy have begin/start be ondie be dead finish - be overopen sth keep sth open fall ill be ill,get upbe up, come here be here,join be on +组织机构 /be a
18、 member 组织机构,go there be there, become be, come backbe back, fall asleep be asleep,get to/ arrive/reach be (in), leave be away from, get to know know, go (get) out tie out， put onwear, catch a cold have a cold, get marriedbe married 等。,The old man died 4 years ago. The old man has been dead for 4 ye
19、ars. It is 4 years since the old man died.Four years has passed since the old man died. He joined the Party 2 years ago.He has been in the Party for 2 years.I bought the book 5 days ago.I have had the book for 5 days.,如：,（7）二者引出的时间状语往往用 how long提问。,How long have you had this book? 这本书你买多久了?For a wee
20、k./Since a week ago. 买一周了。,Jim is in Japan. He arrived there three days ago. _2. They are very hungry. Their last meal was ten hours ago._,4a Rewrite the sentences using for or since.,Jim has been in Japan for three days.,They are very hungry because they havent had their meal for ten hours.,3. I ha
21、ve a camera. I bought it in 2009. _4. I know Anna. I first met her three years ago. _5. Linda is ill. She became ill on Monday. _,I have had a camera since 2009.,I have known Anna for three years .,Linda has been ill since Monday .,1. I _ (never be) to the water park before. I want to _ (go) next mo
22、nth before the weather gets too cold.2. They_(never own) any pets, but they _ (always want) to have a dog.3. We_ (have) a piano since last November. We _ (buy) it from the Li family when they moved to the US last year.,4b Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.,have never
23、 been,go,have never owned,always want,have had,bought,4. Cathy and Amy _ (not be) back to their hometown for two years. They _ (miss) their hometown a lot and hope to visit the place next year.5. This museum _ (be) here for over 20 years. It _ (be) one of the oldest buildings in this small town.,hav
24、ent been,miss,has been,is,4c Fill in the questions and ask two students. Then complete the chart.,1. Do you have a (n)_? How long have you had it?2. Do you own a (n)_? How long have you owned it?,选择for或since填空：I have been here _five months ago.2. He has been a soldier _ about two months.3. Great cha
25、nges have taken place _ you left.4. His grandpa has been dead _ ten years.5. I have studied English _ I was 12 years old.6. It is two years _ I became a postgraduate student.,since,for,since,for,since,since,即学即练,练习题:Its a long time since we _ (meet) last, isnt it? 2. -I know you _ (choose) a picture
26、 book among these. -Yes, Have a look at it, please. 3. So far, spaceships without people _ (reach) the moon and some other parts of the universe. 4. My father_ home for nearly three weeks.A. has gone away from B. has leftC. has been away from D. went away 5. Mr. and Mrs. Green have_ in China for a week. A. been B. got C. arrived D. reached,met,have chosen,have reached,C,A,Homework,Practice more exercises about since and for.Preview the next part.,Thank You!,