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1、语法专讲-定语从句,定语的定义：,定语是用来说明名词或代词的品质与特征的词或词组。 A. 可用作定语的有形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、从句和句子等。,a)形容词adj.及b)副词Adv.,This girl is a natural musician. I ll recommend an interesting film to you. b)副词Adv.the room above the factory therethe world todaythe way out the people here,c) 名词noun.,a baby girl a woman do
2、ctorsports car women doctors well water a fools paradisethe works of Shakespeare 1） horror films /horrible films2） a wonder book/a wonderful book3） stone path /a stony path,d) 代词Pronoun.及e) 数词Num.,Your hair needs cutting.He is a friend of mine.Everybodys business is nobodys business. Theres only one
3、 way to do it.Do it now. You may not get a second chance.Lesson One Room 205,f)不定式,I have an important meeting to attend.Thats the way to do it. He has a wish to travel around the world.I am pleased to have this chance to talk to you about the UN.*Its time for us to go.,g) 动名词,walking stick 手杖sleepi
4、ng pills 安眠药drinking water 饮用水learning method 学习方法,h) 分词,a walking dictionary活字典a sleeping child正在睡梦的小孩a drinking man嗜酒者a retired worker退休工人a returned student一个归国留学生a faded flower 一朵凋谢的花朵The boy riding a white horse is my brother.My visits will encourage people working on the projects.the urgent pro
5、blems caused by wars and conflicts,i) 介词短语,He always has a clear insight into what is needed.他总是能够洞察需要什么.the research into the spread of AIDS,定语从句,语法意义：在复合句中，用一个由主谓结构组成的陈述句修饰某一个名词或代词的句子就叫作定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；引导定语从句的词叫关系词。其有三：1）放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用；2）在定语从句中还担任了一定的成分；3）重现（代替）先行词的意义，所以其数与先行词一致。,普通代词与关系代词的
6、差别及区分,普通代词只起着代替作用，代替前面提到的某人或某物；而关系代词则不同。试区分以下句子中的关系代词与普通代词：1)I have a good friend. She works in Guangzhou . I have a good friend who / that works in Guangzhou . 2)The building is our science lab._ It _ stands over there.The building that / which stands over there is our science lab.,C. 先行词与关系代词的种类：,
7、先行词指人时主格 who, that 宾格 whom, who ,that所有格whose先行词指物时（除了人以外）主格 which, that 宾格 which, that所有格whose, of whichWhere, when, why*soas, asas, suchas, the sameas,练习：用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空。,The man _ is talking with my mother is my father.2. The man _ my mother is talking with is my father.3. The man _ hair is white
8、 is my father.4.who is the man _ is standing there?5. That book is the one _ I bought yesterday.6. That book is the one _ was bought yesterday.7. That book is the one _ cover is blue.,who/that,Whom/who/that/-,whose,that,which/that/-,which/that,whose,8. The pen _ she is writing is his.9. The pen _ sh
9、e is writing with is his.10. _ is known to all, paper was first made in China.11. Paper was first made in China, _ is known to all.12. He still remembers the day _ he met the great man in the street.13. He still remembers the day _ he spent with his wife at Beijing Railway Station. 14. He is not suc
10、h a fool _ he looks.,with which,Which/that/-,As,as/which,On which/when,which/that/-,as,定语从句的辨认与使用之步骤：,1 首先是要辨出先行词；2 确定关系代词（既先行词）在从句中所担任的成分：3 确定关系代词的人称和数。实际上，选择引导定语从句引导词是学习定语从句的难点。我们可以使用以下口诀来化难为易：,三看句中作何用，四看是否属特殊。一看指人还是物，二看介词在何处；,关系代词必须用that的情况：,1 先行词为不定代词something ,anything, everything, little, much
11、, all等；2 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰时；3 先行词被the only, the very, all等所修饰；4 先行词既包括人又包括物时。,D. 定语从句分类*：,分为限定性和非限定性定语从句：1.This is the professor who teaches us grammars.2.Li Ming, who is in the room, wants to ask you some questions.,限定性和非限定性定语从句的区别：限定性定语从句,1 和先行词关系密切；（删除了就会影响整个意义的表达）2 不用逗号分开；3 可用关系代词作引导词；4 关系代词作宾语时
12、可以省略；5 关系代词可以替代（作宾语时，可用或替代）6 读的时候不停顿；7 只可以修饰先行词，不可以修饰主句或主句的一部分,非限定性定语从句,1与先行词关系不密切，是一种补充说明（删除掉后不影响）2一般使用逗号分开；3. 不可用关系代词that;4 关系代词不可省略5 关系代词不能替代；6 读时停顿，用降调；7 可以修饰整个句子或主句中的一部分（此时定要用逗号分开，只能用which 或as引导）,有时两者差别很大：,eg:1)a) In their class there are fifteen students who can speak English well.在他们班上有15位英语说
13、的好的学生。b) In their class there are fifteen students, who can speak English well. 在他们班上有15位学生，他们的英语都说得很好。2)a) She has two sons who are P.L.A. men. (Maybe she has other sons who are not P.L.A. men.) 她有两个当解放军的儿子。b) She has two sons, who are P.L.A. men. ( she has only two sons and they are both P.L.A. me
14、n.)她有两个儿子，都是当解放军的。,精选练习：,1. The result of the experiment was very good, _ we hadnt expected. A. when B. where C. which D. that2. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese Vase, _ of the price was very reasonable. A. which B. where C. whose D. that3. Dorothy was always speaking highly o her role in the pl
15、ay, _, of course, made the others unhappy. A. who B. which C. this D. what4. We are living in an age _ many things are done on computer. A. which B. that C. whose D. when,CC,D,A,C,B,5. Tony is the only one of the students who _ to Europe. A. have gone B. have been C. has been D. had gone6. Beijing,
16、_ is the capital of China, is a modern city. A. that B. it C. which D. /7. - Is this the very art gallery _ they visited last week? -Yes. It impressed them deeply. A. the one B. where C. which D. that8. They talked for about an hour of things and persons _ they remembered in the school. A. which B.
17、that C. who D. whom9. I have the same glasses _ Kate is wearing. A. as B. that C. which D. them,B,C,D,B,A,10. We will never forget the days _ we spent together 11. I have the same glasses _ Kate is wearing. A. as B. that C. which D. them12. This is the museum _ we saw an exhibition the other day. A.
18、 that B. which C. that D. in that13. Is this museum _ the students visited that day? A. where B. which C. that D. in thaton the island.14. The wallet _ I spent 50 yuan has been stolen.A. in which B. on which C. for it D. which,A,14. Have you ever been to Shanghai, _ I left ten years ago? A. where B. which C. that D. when15. There are 1,200 students in their school, _ 60% are girls. A. of which B. of whom C. of them D. in them,