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1、2012攀枝花中考化学试题及答案2012年攀枝花市高中阶段教育学校招生统一考试 化学试题2012.06 可能用到的相对原子质量: H - 1 C - 12 N - 14 O - 16 Na - 23 Mg - 24 Al - 27 S - 32 Cl - 35.5 Ca - 40 Fe - 56 Cu - 64 Zn - 65 Ag - 108 第?卷 (选择题，共75分) 一、选择题(每小题2.5分，共75分，每小题只有一个选项符合题意) 化学部分 1(将少量下列生活中常见的物质分别放入水中，不能形成溶液的是 A(菜子油 B(食盐 C(味精 D(白糖 2(物质的下列性质中，属于化学性质的是
2、A(颜色、状态 B(还原性、可燃性 C(密度、硬度 D(熔点、沸点 3(需要对某种果树施用磷肥和氮肥，下列符合条件的一种化肥是 (A(KNO B(KCl C(NHNO D(NHHPO 3434244(臭氧(O)主要分布在离地面1050km的高空，它能吸收大部分紫外线，保护地3球生物。臭氧属于 A(单质 B(氧化物 C(混合物 D(化合物 5(下列说法正确的是 A(钙铁锌是人体 的微量元素 steel bolts, screws and studs GB/T3098.6-2000 scope of this project are: 1, 2, 3 aluminium sheet curtain
3、 wall of glass curtain wall and the Aluminum plastic Board curtain wall 4, and stone curtain wall 5, and curtain wall buried pieces 6, and light steel points type glass rain canopy, and aluminum Board rain canopy 7, and aluminum Venetian 8, and outdoor advertising (containing roofing and the State s
4、urface advertising) 9 to spring glass door 10, and concrete structure and curtain wall between of layer between, and around fire seal blocking 11, and anti-mine 12, and daughter wall top processing 13, and pan light ming, engineering of tie construction 14, and buildings of deformation sewing (settl
5、ement sewing, and expansion joints,) 15, and After the detailed design drawings issued a wall embedded part is inconsistent with the tenderer needs to increase fixed curtain wall structure 16, decorative surfaces and decorative surface and joints between parts of other buildings facing sealing proce
6、ss, required to support the outer decoration of a hole, hole, plugging holes and so on. This works more decorative items, in order to ensure that the decoration construction progress and quality, trying to avoid construction does not . Processing. After installation is complete if you have damaged g
7、alvanized parts should B(血红蛋白与CO结合的能力比与O2的结合能力强 C(缺碘易产生龋齿 D(缺乏维生素C对人体没有影响 6(材料是时代进步的重要标志。下列有关材料的说法中，错误的是 A(塑料属于有机合成高分子材料 B(棉花属于合成纤维 C(不锈钢属于金属材料 D(开发使用可降解塑料，能有效解决“白色污染”问题 7(下列关于原子和分子的说法，正确的是 A(物质都是由分子构成 B(分子之间没有间隔 C(原子是化学变化中的最小粒子 D(在化学反应前后分子的种类和数目都保持不变 8(下列处理事故的方法中正确的是 A(炒菜时油锅着火，立即用水浇灭 B(电线老化短路起火，用水扑
8、灭 C(学校图书馆内图书起火，立即用泡沫灭火器扑灭 D(如果不慎将浓碱液沾到皮肤上，应用较多水冲洗，再涂上硼酸溶液 9(下列有关物质用途的说法不正确的是 (A(在防毒面具中用活性炭吸附毒气 B(石墨镶在玻璃刀头上用来裁玻璃 steel bolts, screws and studs GB/T3098.6-2000 scope of this project are: 1, 2, 3 aluminium sheet curtain wall of glass curtain wall and the Aluminum plastic Board curtain wall 4, and stone
9、 curtain wall 5, and curtain wall buried pieces 6, and light steel points type glass rain canopy, and aluminum Board rain canopy 7, and aluminum Venetian 8, and outdoor advertising (containing roofing and the State surface advertising) 9 to spring glass door 10, and concrete structure and curtain wa
10、ll between of layer between, and around fire seal blocking 11, and anti-mine 12, and daughter wall top processing 13, and pan light ming, engineering of tie construction 14, and buildings of deformation sewing (settlement sewing, and expansion joints,) 15, and After the detailed design drawings issu
11、ed a wall embedded part is inconsistent with the tenderer needs to increase fixed curtain wall structure 16, decorative surfaces and decorative surface and joints between parts of other buildings facing sealing process, required to support the outer decoration of a hole, hole, plugging holes and so
12、on. This works more decorative items, in order to ensure that the decoration construction progress and quality, trying to avoid construction does not . Processing. After installation is complete if you have damaged galvanized parts should 全国中考信息资源门户网站 C(氯化钠可用于配制生理盐水 D(氢氧化钠能去除油污，可做厨房的清洁剂 10(下列“家庭小实验
13、”不能达到预期目的的是 (A(用柠檬酸、果汁、白糖、水、小苏打等制汽水 B(用空塑料瓶、小卵石、石英沙、活性炭、膨松棉、纱布等制作简易净水器 C(用酒精浸泡捣烂的某些植物的花瓣可制酸碱指示剂 D(向洗净的碎鸡蛋壳中加入食盐水可制二氧化碳 11(某学生测定的下列数据中，不合理的是 (A(用10mL量筒取了7.4mL水 B(用托盘天平称得某小苏打样品的质量为16.7g C(用测得某粗盐中氯化钠的质量分数为90.5% D(用pH试纸测得某次酸雨的pH约为6.5 12(下列说法正确的是 (A(地球表面约71%被水覆盖，因此人类可直接利用的淡水资源十分丰富 B(自来水厂生产水，取水后加入絮凝剂(明矾)的
14、主要作用是消毒杀菌 C(电解水反应中生成的氢气与氧气的分子数之比为2:1 D(对于静置沉淀、吸附沉淀、过滤、蒸馏等净化水的操作中，单一操作相对净化程度由低到高的顺序是静置沉淀、过滤、蒸馏、吸附沉淀 13(镍是重要金属，钛-镍具有形状记忆功能。镍及其化合物还能发生如下反应: ?Ni+2HCl=NiCl+H?Ni(OH)+2HCl=NiCl+2HO?NiO+4HCl=NiCl+Cl?+2HO 222222222下列说法不正确的是 (steel bolts, screws and studs GB/T3098.6-2000 scope of this project are: 1, 2, 3 alu
15、minium sheet curtain wall of glass curtain 全国中考信息资源门户网站 wall and the Aluminum plastic Board curtain wall 4, and stone curtain wall 5, and curtain wall buried pieces 6, and light steel points type glass rain canopy, and aluminum Board rain canopy 7, and aluminum Venetian 8, and outdoor advertising (
16、containing roofing and the State surface advertising) 9 to spring glass door 10, and concrete structure and curtain wall between of layer between, and around fire seal blocking 11, and anti-mine 12, and daughter wall top processing 13, and pan light ming, engineering of tie construction 14, and buil
17、dings of deformation sewing (settlement sewing, and expansion joints,) 15, and After the detailed design drawings issued a wall embedded part is inconsistent with the tenderer needs to increase fixed curtain wall structure 16, decorative surfaces and decorative surface and joints between parts of ot
18、her buildings facing sealing process, required to support the outer decoration of a hole, hole, plugging holes and so on. This works more decorative items, in order to ensure that the decoration construction progress and quality, trying to avoid construction does not . Processing. After installation
19、 is complete if you have damaged galvanized parts shouldA(钛-镍形状记忆合金可用来制造人造卫星上的天线 B(镍能与硝酸银溶液发生置换反应 C(反应?、?中镍的化合价都发生了改变 D(反应?、?都是复分解反应 14(物质中的杂质(括号内物质为杂质)，所选用试剂和操作方法都正确的是 物 质 选用试剂 操作方法 A CO(CO) NaOH溶液 将气体缓缓通过NaOH溶液即可 2B FeCl溶液(CuCl) Zn 加入足量Zn粉，充分反应后，过滤 22C CuSO溶液(HSO) CuO 加入足量CuO粉末，充分反应后，过滤 424)溶液，充分反
20、应，后过加入足量Ca(NO32D NaCl溶液(NaCO) Ca(NO)溶液 2332滤 15(将丙醇(CHO)与氧气置于一个封闭的密闭容器中引燃，测得反应前后各物质的38质量如下表: 物质 CHO O H, CO X 38222反应前质量9.0 19.2 0 0 0 /g 反应后质量0 0 10.8 13.2 m /g A(表中m的值为.8 3B(物质X一定含有氢元素 C(物质X一定不含有碳元素 D(若氧气的质量为21.6g，则无X物质生成 16(现有碳、一氧化碳、氧化铜、氧化铁、稀盐酸、氢氧化钠溶液六种物质，它们之间发生的反应，可用“甲+ 乙 ?丙 + 丁”表示。则下列说法错误的是 ste
21、el bolts, screws and studs GB/T3098.6-2000 scope of this project are: 1, 2, 3 aluminium sheet curtain wall of glass curtain wall and the Aluminum plastic Board curtain wall 4, and stone curtain wall 5, and curtain wall buried pieces 6, and light steel points type glass rain canopy, and aluminum Boar
22、d rain canopy 7, and aluminum Venetian 8, and outdoor advertising (containing roofing and the State surface advertising) 9 to spring glass door 10, and concrete structure and curtain wall between of layer between, and around fire seal blocking 11, and anti-mine 12, and daughter wall top processing 1
23、3, and pan light ming, engineering of tie construction 14, and buildings of deformation sewing (settlement sewing, and expansion joints,) 15, and After the detailed design drawings issued a wall embedded part is inconsistent with the tenderer needs to increase fixed curtain wall structure 16, decora
24、tive surfaces and decorative surface and joints between parts of other buildings facing sealing process, required to support the outer decoration of a hole, hole, plugging holes and so on. This works more decorative items, in order to ensure that the decoration construction progress and quality, try
25、ing to avoid construction does not . Processing. After installation is complete if you have damaged galvanized parts should 全国中考信息资源门户网站 A(若甲、乙均为溶液，将两种溶液混合后，溶液pH不一定等于7 B(若甲为溶液且pH 7，乙为固体，甲与乙在常温下反应，可观察到溶液由无色变为黄色，则甲与乙反应的化学方程式为FeO+6HCl=2FeCl+3HO 2332C(若甲为气体，乙为固体，甲与乙在高温下反应，可观察到固体粉末由红色逐渐变黑，则乙与甲在高温下的反应属于置
26、换反应 D(若甲为单质，乙为氧化物，甲与乙在高温下反应，可观察到固体粉末由黑色逐渐变红，则乙为氧化铜 ?卷 非选择题(125分) 化学部分(60分) 二、填空题(共23分) 31(4分)请你用化学用语填空。 (1)5个氮分子 (2)3个钙离子 (3)干冰的化学式 (4)过氧化氢的化学式 32(4分)KCrO(重铬酸钾)和KMnO是重要的化学试剂。 2274(1) KCrO中铬元素的化合价是 ，硫酸铬(铬元素为+3价)的化学式为 。 227(2) KMnO是 色的固体，它可用于制取氯气，发生反应的化学方程式为:42KMnO+ 16HCl = 2KCl + 2X + 5Cl?+ 8HO，请写出X物
27、质的化学式 。 4 2233(5分)下图是某学生绘制的元素周期表的一部分: 8 O 元素符号 原子序数 元素名称 氧 1 H 2 He steel bolts, screws and studs GB/T3098.6-2000 scope of this project are: 1, 2, 3 aluminium sheet curtain wall of glass curtain 全国中考信息资源门户网站 wall and the Aluminum plastic Board curtain wall 4, and stone curtain wall 5, and curtain w
28、all buried pieces 6, and light steel points type glass rain canopy, and aluminum Board rain canopy 7, and aluminum Venetian 8, and outdoor advertising (containing roofing and the State surface advertising) 9 to spring glass door 10, and concrete structure and curtain wall between of layer between, a
29、nd around fire seal blocking 11, and anti-mine 12, and daughter wall top processing 13, and pan light ming, engineering of tie construction 14, and buildings of deformation sewing (settlement sewing, and expansion joints,) 15, and After the detailed design drawings issued a wall embedded part is inc
30、onsistent with the tenderer needs to increase fixed curtain wall structure 16, decorative surfaces and decorative surface and joints between parts of other buildings facing sealing process, required to support the outer decoration of a hole, hole, plugging holes and so on. This works more decorative
31、 items, in order to ensure that the decoration construction progress and quality, trying to avoid construction does not . Processing. After installation is complete if you have damaged galvanized parts should氢 氦 3 Li 4 Be 5 B 6 C 7 N 8 O 9 F 10 Ne 锂 铍 硼 炭 氮 氧 氟 氖 11 Na 12Mg 13 Al 14 Si 15 P 16 S 17
32、Cl 18 Ar 钠 镁 铝 硅 磷 硫 氯 氩 请根据相关信息与知识回答: (1)该部分元素周期表中有 种金属元素。仔细阅读和观察上表，其中有一种常见元素的元素名称书写有误，请写出其正确的元素名称 。 (2)请写出原子序数分别为8、13两种元素组成的化合物的化学式 。 ，该元素的(3)表中某元素的离子结构示意图为 ，该离子的符号为 原子序数为 。 34(4分)甲、乙两种物质的溶解度曲线如右图。 (1)10?时，甲物质的溶解度 (选填“大于”、 “小于”或“等于”)乙物质的溶解度。 (2) 40?时，把40g甲物质放入100g水中，所得的 是 (选填“饱和”或“不饱和”)溶液。 (3) 20?
33、时，甲物质溶液中溶质的质量分数不可能为 。 A(20% B(25% C(26.5% D(30% (4)如右图所示，20?时，将盛有乙物质饱和溶液的小试管放入盛水的烧杯中，向水中加入某物质后，试管中有晶体析出。加入的物质可能是_(填字母序号)。 A(氢氧化钠 B(氯化钠 C(硝酸铵 35(6分)利用能源、节约能源、保护环境是我们大家共同关注的社会问题。 steel bolts, screws and studs GB/T3098.6-2000 scope of this project are: 1, 2, 3 aluminium sheet curtain wall of glass curt
34、ain wall and the Aluminum plastic Board curtain wall 4, and stone curtain wall 5, and curtain wall buried pieces 6, and light steel points type glass rain canopy, and aluminum Board rain canopy 7, and aluminum Venetian 8, and outdoor advertising (containing roofing and the State surface advertising)
35、 9 to spring glass door 10, and concrete structure and curtain wall between of layer between, and around fire seal blocking 11, and anti-mine 12, and daughter wall top processing 13, and pan light ming, engineering of tie construction 14, and buildings of deformation sewing (settlement sewing, and e
36、xpansion joints,) 15, and After the detailed design drawings issued a wall embedded part is inconsistent with the tenderer needs to increase fixed curtain wall structure 16, decorative surfaces and decorative surface and joints between parts of other buildings facing sealing process, required to sup
37、port the outer decoration of a hole, hole, plugging holes and so on. This works more decorative items, in order to ensure that the decoration construction progress and quality, trying to avoid construction does not . Processing. After installation is complete if you have damaged galvanized parts sho
38、uld 全国中考信息资源门户网站 (1)下列物质:天然气、氢气、乙醇、汽油、柴油，其中属于最清洁的燃料是_ _。 (2)为减少燃料燃烧对环境造成的污染，我国发射“嫦娥一号”的火箭使用CHN(偏二282甲肼)和NO为推进剂，发生化学反应的生成物CO、N和HO。请完成该化学方程式: 24222_ 1 CHN+ NO CO + N+ HO 28 2 24 22 2(3)煤燃烧时会排放出SO等污染物。在燃煤中加入石灰石可以大大降低废气中SO的含22量。假设某火电厂在燃煤中加入石灰石，从燃煤燃烧后的废渣中得到CaSO和 CaSO34的混合物50t，若该混合物中含氧元素的质量分数为46%，则该混合物中含
39、硫元素的质量为 t，相当于少排放_ t二氧化硫。 三、简答题(共10分) 36(4分)(1)放置在空气中的铝制品和黄金制品都不易锈蚀，请你分别说明原因 。 (2)单质硅是由石英固体(SiO)与碳在高温条件下反应制得的，同时生成一种可燃性气体，2该反应的化学方程式为 。 37(6分)铝片、氢氧化钠溶液、稀硫酸、硝酸铜溶液中取出两种，进行混合 (1)若两种溶液混合后有蓝色沉淀生成。写出此反应的化学方程式 (2)若两种溶液混合能发生化学反应，且溶液的总质量不变。写出此化学方程式 (3)将两种物质混合后，溶液的质量减小。写出此反应的化学方程式 steel bolts, screws and studs
40、 GB/T3098.6-2000 scope of this project are: 1, 2, 3 aluminium sheet curtain wall of glass curtain 全国中考信息资源门户网站 wall and the Aluminum plastic Board curtain wall 4, and stone curtain wall 5, and curtain wall buried pieces 6, and light steel points type glass rain canopy, and aluminum Board rain canop
41、y 7, and aluminum Venetian 8, and outdoor advertising (containing roofing and the State surface advertising) 9 to spring glass door 10, and concrete structure and curtain wall between of layer between, and around fire seal blocking 11, and anti-mine 12, and daughter wall top processing 13, and pan l
42、ight ming, engineering of tie construction 14, and buildings of deformation sewing (settlement sewing, and expansion joints,) 15, and After the detailed design drawings issued a wall embedded part is inconsistent with the tenderer needs to increase fixed curtain wall structure 16, decorative surface
43、s and decorative surface and joints between parts of other buildings facing sealing process, required to support the outer decoration of a hole, hole, plugging holes and so on. This works more decorative items, in order to ensure that the decoration construction progress and quality, trying to avoid
44、 construction does not . Processing. After installation is complete if you have damaged galvanized parts should四、实验题(共15分) 38(8分)甲、乙、丙三位同学在活动课上利用下图所示装置制取常见的气体，请根据题意回答下列问题。 F (1)甲同学用加热氯酸钾和二氧化锰的固体混合物制取O，发生装置应选用上图中的2_装置(填编号)，该反应的化学方程式为_ _;若用C装置收集，当O收集满并取出集气瓶后，停止该实验的正确操作方法是 2_ _。 (2)乙同学利用B装置制取CO，下图是乙同学在
45、化学实验中主要操作过程的示意图。 2根据上述实验操作过程，。请找出乙同学的操作错误的是(填序号)_、 。 (3)丙同学用浓盐酸与大理石在F装置中制取CO并检验其有关性质，写出制取CO的22化学方程式_ _，实验中观察到烧杯内紫色石蕊试液变红，请你分析使紫色石蕊试液变红的原因可能有: ?_ steel bolts, screws and studs GB/T3098.6-2000 scope of this project are: 1, 2, 3 aluminium sheet curtain wall of glass curtain wall and the Aluminum plasti
46、c Board curtain wall 4, and stone curtain wall 5, and curtain wall buried pieces 6, and light steel points type glass rain canopy, and aluminum Board rain canopy 7, and aluminum Venetian 8, and outdoor advertising (containing roofing and the State surface advertising) 9 to spring glass door 10, and
47、concrete structure and curtain wall between of layer between, and around fire seal blocking 11, and anti-mine 12, and daughter wall top processing 13, and pan light ming, engineering of tie construction 14, and buildings of deformation sewing (settlement sewing, and expansion joints,) 15, and After
48、the detailed design drawings issued a wall embedded part is inconsistent with the tenderer needs to increase fixed curtain wall structure 16, decorative surfaces and decorative surface and joints between parts of other buildings facing sealing process, required to support the outer decoration of a hole, hole, plugging holes and so on. This works more decorative