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1、陕西省榆林实验中学2012-2013学年高一上学期期末考试化学试题 Word版含答案20122013年度第一学期期末考试试题 高一年级化学试题 命题人:雷宣定 说明:1.本试卷分为第?卷(选择题)和第?卷(非选择题)两部分，考试时间90分钟，共100分。 2.请将第?卷和第?卷答案用 0.5毫米黑色签字笔写在答题卡指定位置。 3. 相对原子质量:H: 1 C: 12 N: 14 O: 16 第I卷 (选择题 共51分) 1、环境污染已成为人类社会面临的重大威胁，下列名词与环境污染有关的是 ?酸雨 ?臭氧空洞 ?白色污染 ?温室效应 ?赤潮 ?光化学烟雾 A(只有? B(只有? C(只有? D(
2、全部 2、想一想:Ba(OH)(固体)、CuSO(固体)、CHCOOH(液态)这些物质为什么归为一类，243下列哪些物质还可以和它们归为一类 A、75,的酒精溶液 B、HCl(气态) C、Fe(OH)胶体 D、豆浆 33、N代表阿伏加德罗常数，下列说法正确的是 AA(标准状况下，22.4L由氢气和氧气组成的混合气体中，所含有的分子总数为N AB(标准状况下，22,4 L氦气中含原子数为2 NAC(1 mol氯气与足量NaOH溶液反应，转移的电子数为2N A，D(1 mol ,碳正离子,中含有电子数为10 N CHA34、下列各组中的两物质相互反应时，若改变反应条件(温度、反应物用量比)，不会引
3、起产物种类改变的是 A(Na和OB(NaOH和COC(NaO和CO D(ALCL和NaOH2 2 2223 5、下列各组离子中，能在溶液中大量共存的是 +2+-+2-A(H、Ca、Cl、CO B(I、ClO、K、H 3+3+- +2+-2-2-C(Na、Fe、SO、OH D(Na、Cu、Cl、SO 446、只用一种试剂就可将AgNO、KSCN、 稀HSO 、NaOH四种无色溶液区分开，该试剂是 324A(BaCl溶液 B(FeCl溶液 C( FeCl溶液 D(Fe(NO)溶液 223337、胶体与溶液的本质区别是 A(是否有丁达尔现象 B(分散质粒子的大小 C(分散质粒子能否通过滤纸 D(是否
4、无色透明 8、不能鉴别二氧化碳与二氧化硫的试剂是 A.品红溶液 B.澄清的石灰水 C.溴水 D.酸性高锰酸钾溶液 9、用已经准确称量过的NaOH固体配制500mL1mol/L的NaOH溶液，供选择的仪器有:?玻璃棒?分液漏斗?胶头滴管?容量瓶?烧杯?烧瓶，必须选用的仪器有 A(? B(? C(? D(? 10、下列离子方程式书写正确的是 +- A(将一小块钠投入水中 Na+HO=Na+ OH+H? 222+-2-+H+OH=BaSO?+HO B(硫酸和氢氧化钡混合 Ba+SO 424+- C(F和HO的反应 2F+2HO = 4H+4F+O? 22222D(将少量NaOH溶液加入Ca(HCO)
5、溶液中 32-2+-OH+HCO+Ca=HO+CaCO? 32311、下列物质的保存方法不正确的是 A(氢氟酸在塑料瓶中保存 B(盛液溴的试剂瓶常加少量水 C(少量的金属钠应保存在煤油中 D(固态碘放在棕色细口瓶中 12、把aL含(NH)SO和NHNO的混合溶液分为两等份，一份加入bmol烧碱加热，恰好使全42443+-部NH转化NH气逸出;另一份与含cmolBaCl的溶液恰好反应。则原溶液中NO的物质的4323量浓度是 A(2b-4c)/amol/L B(b-2c)/amol/L C(2b-c)/amol/L D(b-4c)/amol/L 13、将Cl2 通入NaOH溶液中,反应得到NaCl
6、,NaClO3,NaClO的混合溶液,其中 -ClO,ClO3的浓度比为3:1则Cl2 与NaOH反应时，被还原的氯元素和被氧化的氯元素的物质的量的比是 A.21:5 B.11:3 C.3:1 D.4:1 14、下列物质露置于空气中均会变质，其中不因发生氧化还原反应的是 A(氢硫酸 B(烧碱溶液 C(亚硫酸钠 D(氯水 15、在标准状况下，将O与NO按3:4的体积比充满一个干燥烧瓶，将烧瓶倒置于水中，2瓶内液面逐渐上升后，最后烧瓶内溶液的物质的量浓度为 ,1,1 ,1 ,1 A(0.045mol?L B(0.036mol?LC(0.026mol?L D(0.030mol?L - - - 16、
7、鉴别ClBr I三种离子，不宜选用的试剂组是 A(AgNO 溶液和稀硝酸 B(溴水和淀粉溶液 3C(氯水和CCl 溶液 D(氯水和淀粉溶液 417、相同质量的钠、镁、铝与过量的稀硫酸反应，在标况下产生氢气的体积比是 A(1 :2 :3 B(1 :1 :1 C(92 :69 :36 D(36 :69 :92 第II卷(非选择题 共49分) 18、(13分)下图表示的反应关系中，部分产物被略去(已知2mol白色固体粉末X受热分解，恢复到室温生成白色固体A、无色液体B、无色气体C各1mol。X、E、G的焰色反应均为黄色。回答下列问题: (1)写出下列物质的化学式:X G D (2)写出G与C反应生成
8、D的离子反应方程式: ,(3)写出X，EA的离子方程式: NaONaO(4)写出C与参加反应的化学方程式 ，若0.2mol转移的电子数为 2222个(用N表示)。 A(5)写出物质X的用途(至少写出一种) 19(8分)已知下列反应:?HPO+HO=HPO ?2NaO+2HO=4NaOH+O? 32342222? 2F+2HO=4HF+O?2K+2HO=2KOH+H? ?Cl+HO=HCl+HClO 222 2222其中，HO做氧化剂的是 ，HO做还原剂的是 ，HO既不是氧化剂又222不是还原剂的是 ，其中不属于氧化还原反应的是 (用序号表示)学 +2+-2-2-20(10分)有一瓶澄清的无色溶
9、液，其中可能含有K、Na、Cu、SO、Cl、Br、CO中43的某一种或几种。取该溶液进行下列实验: ?取部分溶液加足量稀硝酸，逸出气体; ?取?逸出气体后的剩余溶液，加入足量氯水和四氯化碳，振荡后分层，油层呈棕红色;?取?余液一部分加入BaCl溶液有白色浑浊物产生; 2?取?实验后的水层部分溶液，加入AgNO溶液和稀硝酸有白色沉淀。试回答: 3(1)原溶液中肯定存在的阴离子是 。 (2)肯定不存在的阳离子是 ，其原因是 (3)不能肯定存在与否的离子是 ， (4)写出实验的第?步发生现象的反应的离子方程式: ? ? ? 21(10分)现有一定量含有NaO杂质的NaO试样，用下图所示的实验装置测定
10、NaO试22222样的纯度。(可供选用的试剂只有CaCO固体、6 mol/L盐酸、6 mol/L硫酸和蒸馏水) 3回答下列问题: (1)装置A中液体试剂选用 ，理由是 _。 (2)装置B的作用是 ，装置E中碱石灰的作用是 。 (3)装置D中发生反应的化学方程式是: 、 _。 (4)若开始时测得样品的质量为2.0 g，反应结束后测得气体体积为224 mL(标准状况)，则NaO试样的纯度为 。 2222.(8分)在50mlbmol/L氯化铝溶液中加入50mlamol/L的氢氧化钠溶液。 (1)当a?3b时，生成氢氧化铝沉淀的物质的量为 ; (2)当a、b满足 条件时，无沉淀生成; (3)当a、b满
11、足 条件时，a增大，沉淀减少,此时生成氢氧化铝沉淀的物质的量为 mol 。 答案 选择题: 1-5 DBACD 6-10 CBBBD 10-15 DBDBB 16-17 BD 18.(13分)(1) G:NaAIO或 NaAl(OH) D:Al(OH) (每空1分) 243-2-2-(2)2AlO+C0+3H0=CO+2Al(OH)? 或2Al(OH)+C0=CO+2Al(OH)?+H0(2分) 2223342332一-2-(3)HCO+0H=CO+H0(2分) 332(4)2CO+2NaO?2NaCO+O(2分)0.2N(2分) 222232 A(5)泡沫灭火器原料、胃药、发酵粉(2分) 1
12、9、(13分)? 、 ? 、 ? 、 ?(每空2分，见错无分) 20、(10分) -2-2-(1)CO 、Br、 SO(1分) 342+ 2+(2)Cu;Cu是蓝色的(每空1分) +-(3)K、Na、Cl;(1分) +-2+2-2-(4)CO+2H=HO+CO?(2分)2Br+Cl=Br+2Cl(2分);Ba+SO=BaSO?(2分) 3222244分)(1)6 mol/L盐酸;(1分) A的目的是制取CO硫酸与CaCO固体反应生成CaSO21(102，34微溶于水，会覆盖在CaCO固体表面，使反应不能持续。(1分) 3(3)除去气体中的HCl(1分)吸收装置D中反应剩余的CO、防止水蒸气进入
13、D中(1分) 2(4)2NaO+2CO=2NaCO+O (2分) NaO+CO=NaCO(2分) 2222322223 (5)78%(2分) 22. 高考资源网%(英文版 ) Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance wi
14、th the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; around the
15、 party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line . Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised r
16、egulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the four
17、th part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. and revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines and column 1 by 2015 to strengthen par
18、ty laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct directio
19、n, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the partys leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the and , reflects the partys 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and
20、 implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the partys eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of in based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of
21、the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to hard to remember, and also difficult to put int
22、o practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the f
23、ourth is to clean the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. is in 1997 based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Alon
24、g with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discip
25、line regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the
26、above situation, need to and the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party conscio
27、usness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection,
28、 on the revised regulations made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Com
29、rade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspec
30、tion Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 Septembe
31、r 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every
32、 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and
33、the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Se
34、cond, and revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the partys eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised and , highlighting
35、 the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent and . Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-d
36、iscipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules.
37、 In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules. the revision of the and is Method in
38、adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and
39、self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue de, mainly refers to the partys ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the closely linked to the self-discipline, in
40、sisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the vital few, emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a negative list, emphasizing the h
41、eteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchma
42、rking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the partys eighteen years strict political discipli
43、ne and political rules, organization and discipline and to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After th
44、e revision of major changes, major changes in the and modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existi
45、ng main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the self-discipline, removal and no direct
46、relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, eight prohibition 52 are not allowed to about the content of the negative list moved into synchronization amendment . Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres
47、 to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised