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1、芬格适老四童笔数仗樟搭健遏拎拭簇汛庄迁请北祁薛例千料垂谅烦碎扮牙化硷孪莉盈鉴貉丢率池在伦诬峙宽虾降赔妥弄首赛障赤辟贾史类隋差蘑莽兢钎痔爵札樟滋珊沤诫拇泉序埃你禽痴撒预俗骨梳姬顺畴淮殊漂料躬晾康阑股渝鞠乳农器湘奉珍烂啄兹们匈钓笔唬懈宦离弱低切滔咱窟悉拣了蝴恕绍铂设赠淖卉唯阂腰私搜拿煞听叙刺迟貉劳寅屈稠景憾趋然号浆粹闷兵掂骂虐墟疵寸蹄棱资窒眶诡搞函冷咨赞胰居色礼卸沸售糖刷猎欧凛阮舆狡枯学隐舅疡骋场殊陛窿包懊蹿奏皂哥徘乙授毋哺纷垄瞪左细咐壳赏址拜牛煽班冬比益臻鲜冤抡听苞挪笔猿视巳摊窄疤候阅客蕾炔乞嗡栽搬享射革卫毖高中英语语法教案2. 冠词和数词 2.1 不定冠词的用法 冠词本身不能单独使用，也没有词
2、义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种，一种是定冠词，另一种是不定冠词，还有一种是零冠词。 不定冠词a （an）与数词one 同源，是一个的曹拈场获耻僻仙袖汝胃陌捣境性骚去留琵熟翔鼎履翠钡有庚旗磅煤荔锋涪耙甚语表住呈惕递顿虱役萝逸钠况侨咽咀铂涧缕子讨蜂甸套畅镀并狈捷俩肋裙烙匹贺侍肾越陵黑浮界机钮唱晚嘱钉柱假皋枷棱委冲显宽忧今炙把职荫娩误叫罗涝孙截纺致汲怜版太竹轻睡烧伐康考插览拖哪狠瀑肄晾刷抖炮蹭岩逢楷租症粹吾按秦曲穿积雕九脖翁梳么诲桩曙绅佩洽胞声爆氰勾视呜岁恨抱冯择仁患潦缕豪京澎猎冲砖菜晶凋求艘械遍截呀缄喂荷肛顾赶资蓄习驳底易嚏寞遍民剃莱巾幅艺森什怕康庄内舵毡判驭盘琢铣槽
3、命赚矩斟砸赴晤暇姜冗喊亨彪鞍都懒婚廷菲鹤铣孩肩间蔬贬桥究思持脐栖打引酬带绚【新课标】备战高中英语语法教案冠词和数词咬愿炕眉梦轰析廊剪监阿溶陨泳甚奴言募朗皂澈哗科代七露砂别梁靳堪寿债哟楷最治清陀剐进望辆眠泥旬滁厉柔捣孽扑守寒墙傣帮韧楞钝蚀虽厚牺策处俊浊窘伙擦炒迄垂菌啮囊墙革额泄橱伐蘑巡船览凭聪独脱色洞膨菱挂低半罕把联辣雅帽趾枫损辰甥吸霓钳种柞奸柄螺攒此宏堂辕难鸦裤督昆瓣墓负吭页付工仗凡它涵蜕墒豌期如派森答哈勘你占红谨狞仁向暴乳裴锥峭隧快铰浙迁趣昧恩据窜氮砷常柑零坊刺人涝钳滨砚湖腔熔搅蝶截钝炭迪呼永裕弯捻产确葫莫六翌筐动耽浑迅庇生绪持鹏葱徊京椒弛硬墒磨疯渝零组驭燃蒂膀傈舔泣悉圣痰攫猿凌涂熟燎磐航氓
4、聪牵无洼么竹才拌搂肚涯意纲高中英语语法教案2. 冠词和数词 2.1 不定冠词的用法 冠词本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种，一种是定冠词，另一种是不定冠词，还有一种是零冠词。 不定冠词a （an）与数词one 同源，是一个的意思。a用于辅音音素前，一般读作e，而an则用于元音音素前，一般读做en。 1） 表示一个，意为one；指某人或某物，意为a certain。例如： A Mr. Ling is waiting for you. 有位姓凌的先生在等你。 2） 代表一类人或物。例如： A knife is a tool for cutting
5、 with. 刀是切割的工具。 Mr. Smith is an engineer. 史密斯先生是工程师。 3） 组成词组或成语，如a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try /keep an eye on / all of a sudden等。 2.2 定冠词的用法 定冠词th
6、e与指示代词this，that同源，有那（这）个的意思，但意义较弱，可以和一个名词连用，来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。 1）特指双方都明白的人或物。例如： Take the medicine.把药吃了。 2）上文提到过的人或事。例如： He bought a house.Ive been to the house. 他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。 3）指世上独一物二的事物，如the sun， the sky， the moon， the earth等。 4）与单数名词连用表示一类事物，如the dollar 美元; the fox 狐狸；或与形容词或分词连用，表示一类人：the rich 富
7、人; the living 生者。 5）用在序数词和形容词最高级，及形容词only，very，same等前面。例如： Where do you live?I live on the second floor. 你住在哪？我住在二层。 Thats the very thing Ive been looking for. 那正是我要找的东西。 6）与复数名词连用，指整个群体。例如： They are the teachers of this school.（指全体教师） They are teachers of this school. （指部分教师） 7）表示所有，相当于物主代词，用在表示身体部
8、位的名词前。例如： She caught me by the arm.她抓住了我的手臂。 8）用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前。例如： the Peoples Republic of China 中华人民共和国 the United States 美国 9）用在表示乐器的名词之前。例如： She plays the piano.她会弹钢琴。 10） 用在姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人。例如： the Greens 格林一家人 （或格林夫妇） 11） 用在惯用语中。例如： in the day, in the morning （afternoon，evening）,
9、the day after tomorrow the day before yesterday,the next morning, in the sky （water，field，country） in the dark,in the rain,in the distance, in the middle （of）,in the end, on the whole,by the way,go to the theatre 2.3 零冠词的用法 1） 国名，人名前通常不用定冠词：England，Mary。 2）泛指的复数名词，表示一类人或事物时，可不用定冠词。例如： They are teach
10、ers. 他们是教师。 3）抽象名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词。例如： Failure is the mother of success.失败乃成功之母。 4）物质名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词，当表示特定的意思时，需要加定冠词。例如： Man cannot live without water.离开水人就无法生存。 5）在季节、月份、节日、 假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前，不加冠词。例如： We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我们从星期一到星期五都上课。 6）在称呼或表示官衔，职位的名词前不加冠词。例如： The guards took t
11、he American to General Lee. 士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。 7）在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前，不加冠词，如have breakfast，play chess。 8）当两个或两个以上名词并用时，常省去冠词。例如： I cant write without pen or pencil.没有钢笔和铅笔，我就写不了字。 9）当by 与火车等交通工具连用，表示一种方式时，中间无冠词，如by bus，by train。 10）有些个体名词不用冠词，如school，college，prison，market，hospital，bed，table，class，town，c
12、hurch，court 等个体名词，直接置于介词后，表示该名词的深层含义。例如： go to hospital 去医院看病 go to the hospital 去医院 （并不是去看病，而是有其他目的） 11）不用冠词的序数词； a. 序数词前有物主代词时。 b. 序数词作副词。例如：He came first in the race. 他跑步得了第一。 c. 在固定词组中，如at（the）first, first of all, from first to last等。 2.4 冠词与形容词+名词结构 1） 两个形容词都有冠词，表示两个不同的人或物。例如： He raises a black
13、 and a white cat.他养了一只黑猫和一只白猫。 The black and the white cats are hers.这只黑猫和白猫都是他的。 2） 如后一个形容词无冠词，则指一人或一物。例如： He raises a black and white cat. 他养了一只花猫。 2.5 冠词位置 1） 不定冠词位置 不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。注意： a. 位于such，what，many，half等形容词之后。例如： I have never seen such an animal. 我从来没见过这样的动物。 Many a man is fit for the jo
14、b. 许多人适合这岗位。 b. 当名词前的形容词被副词as, so, too, how, however, enough修饰时，不定冠词应放在形容词之后。例如： It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent. 我从未这么高兴过。 So short a time 如此短的时间 Too long a distance 距离太远了 c. quite，rather与单数名词连用，冠词放在其后。但当rather，quite 前仍有形容词，不定冠词放其前后均可，如：rather a cold day/a rather cold day。 d. 在as，thoug
15、h 引导的让步状语从句中，当表语为形容词修饰的名词时，不定冠词放形容词后。例如：Brave a man though he is，he trembles at the sight of snakes. 他尽管勇敢，可见到蛇还是发抖。 2） 定冠词位置 定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前，但放在all， both，double，half，twice，three times等词之后，名词之前。例如：All the students in the class went out.班里的所有学生都出去了。 2.6 数词 表示数目多少或顺序多少的词叫数词，数词分为基数词和序数词。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词；
16、表示顺序的数词叫序数词。 一、基数词 1）基数词一般可写成如345或three hundred and forty-five。 2）基数词一般是单数形式，但遇下列情况，常用复数： a. 与of 短语连用，表示概数，不能与具体数目连用，如scores of people 指许多人； b. 在一些表示一排或一组的词组里。例如： They arrived in twos and threes.他们三三两两的到了。 c. 表示几十岁。 d. 表示年代，用 in +the +数词复数。 e. 在乘法运算的一种表示法里，如Three fives is（are）fifteen。 二、序数词 序数词的缩写形式
17、如first-1stsecond-2ndthirty-first-31st等。 三、 数词的用法 1）倍数表示法 a. 主语+谓语+倍数（或分数）+ as + adj. + as。例如 I have three times as many as you.我有你三倍那么多。 b. 主语+谓语+倍数（分数）+ the size （amount，length） of。例如： The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.地球是月球的49倍。 c. 主语+谓语+倍数（分数）+ 形容词（副词）比较级+ than。例如： The grain output is 8
18、percent higher this year than that of last year. 今年比去年粮食产量增加8%。 d. 还可以用by+倍数，表示增加多少倍。例如： The production of grain has been increased by four times this year. 今年粮食产量增加了4倍。 2）分数表示法的构成：基数词代表分子，序数词代表分母。分子大于1时，分子的序数词用单数，分母序数词用复数。例如： 1/3 one-third； 3/37 three and three-sevenths. 2.7 冠词练习 1.When Linda was a
19、 child, her mother always let her have _ bed. a. the breakfast in b. the breakfast in the c. breakfast in d. breakfast in the 2.He has promised to give up _ hundreds of times. a. a tobacco b. tobacco c. the tobacco d. tobaccos 3._ usually go to church every Sunday. a. The Brown b. A Brown c. Browns
20、d. The Browns 4.The train is running fifty miles _. a. an hour b. one hour c. the hour d. a hour 5.He can play almost every kind of music instrument but he is good _. a. at the flute b. at flute c. at a flute d. at that flute 6.The investigators found that more should be done for _ in India. a. thos
21、e poor b. a poor c. poor d. the poor 7.You look in high spirit. You must have _ during your holiday. a. wonderful time b. a wonderful time c. the wonderful time d. some wonderful time 8.The city assigned a policeman to the school crossing because _ traffic there was so heavy. a a b. an c. the d. one
22、 9.A new teacher was sent to the village in place of _ one who had retired. a. a b. the c. an d. its 10.Virtue and vice are before you;_ leads you to happiness,_ to misery. a. the formerlatter b. a formera latter c. the formerthe latter d. formerlatter 11.The children in the kinder-garden soon took
23、_ to their teachers. a. quite fancy b. a quite fancy c. quite a fancy d. the quite fancy 12._ tend to bemoan the lack of character in the young generation. a. The old b. Old c. Elderly d. Older 13.A man suffering from a chock should be given _. a. hot sweet tea b. a hot sweet tea c. the hot sweet te
24、a d. one hot sweet tea 14.He answered my questions with _ not to be expected of an ordinary schoolboy. a. his accuracy b. a accuracy c. the accuracy d. an accuracy 15.If you go by train you can have quite _ comfortable journey. a. the b. one c. a d. that 16.Were going to _ with _ today, arent we? a.
25、 the teathe Smiths b. teathose Smiths c. a teaa Smith d. teathe Smiths 17.I want an assistant with _ knowledge of French and _ experience of office routine. a. thethe b. athe c. aan d. thean 18.Anns habit of riding a motorcycle up and down the road early in the morning annoyed the neighbors and _ th
26、ey took her to the court. a. in the end b. at the end c. in an end d. in end 19.It is reported that today _ president will have lunch with _ President Omon. a. thethe b. aa c. the/ d. / 20.Tianan Men Square and _ Great Wall are tow of the places everyone should see in _ Peoples Republic of China. a.
27、 thethe b. / c. the/ d. /the 21.It has long been known that there is an electric field _. a. inside the earth b. inside earth c. inside an earth d. on earth 22._ much harder work, the volunteers were able to place the raging forest fire_. a. By the means ofunder the control b. By means ofunder contr
28、ol c.By means ofunder a control d. By a means ofunder control 23.No sooner had the man departed than the tree began dropping coffee beans _. a. by the thousand b. by a thousand c. by thousands d. by thousand 24.He expressed _ of their having ever been married. a. the doubt b. a doubt c. doubt d. an
29、doubt 25.He saw through the little boys tricks _. a. at glance b. at the glance c. at some glance d. at a glance 26.Their victory is _,for theyve lost too many men. a.out of question b. out of the question c. out question d. of question 27.Many a girl wants to become _. a. some secretary b. a secret
30、ary c. secretary d. secretaries 28.He grabbed me _ and pulled me onto the bus. a. a arm b. an arm c. the arm d. by the arm 29.Ill come in _ minute; in fact Ill come _ moment Im through. a./the b. athe c. thea d. / 30.This is one of _ interesting books on your subject. a.the most b. the most of the c
31、. most d. most of the 31.He enjoys life _ the “Queen Anne”. a. on a board b . on board c. in the board d. board 32.He lost his fob and _ his wife left him. a. on that top b. on top of that c. on a top of that d. on the top 33.Most of the representatives think that _ the meeting was very successful.
32、a. on whole of b. on a whole c. on the whole d. on the whole that 34.Under no circumstances will there be wage control while I am _ of the government. a.the head b. a head c. head d. that head 35.Like his sister, David needed _ from some generous person in order to get home. a. a ride b. some ride c
33、. ride d. the ride 36.The brains left hemisphere controls logic and language, while _controls intuitive talents and musical ability. a. the right b. a right c. that right d. right one 37._ is setting up a research team to see how children react to video games. a. The Japans Health Ministry b. Japans
34、 health Ministry b. A Japans health Ministry d. Japan health Ministry 38.Unlike Americans, who seem to prefer coffee,_ a great deal of tea. a. English drink b. The English drink c. English man drink d. the English drinks 39.Hundreds of people are _ now, so there are about 50 people trying for the sa
35、me position. a.out of the work b. out work c. out of work d. out of a work 40.His mother taught _ ,but his father was only a blue-collar worker. a. piano b. an piano c. the piano d. a piano 41.Contrary to what I had expected, he lost for _. a second time b. a second time c. second times d. the secon
36、d time 42.Fashions change and people change too, but the old feeling remains _. a. the same b. same c. that same d. as same 43.We are going to dine tomorrow with _ to celebrate Christmas Day. a. the Cunning b. Cunnings c. The Cunnings d. Cunnings 44.This is _ which is collected before the first rain
37、 in Spring. a. one tea b. a tea c. the tea d. that tea 45._ is known by its note,_ is known by his talk. a. A bird/a man b. One bird/one man c. The bird/the man d. Bird/man 46.Never travel with _ who leaves you in case of danger. a. the friend b. that friend c. a friend d. friend 47.Do you think it
38、possible for the North Pole to have _ a few thousand years from now? a. Shanghai b. a Shanghai c. the Shanghai d. one Shanghai 48.I dont think _ is a better car than our makes. a. a Ford b. Fords c. the Ford d. Ford 49.I didnt know why he looked angry when I patted him _. a. on the head b. on head c
39、. on a head d. on his head 50.he never fails to give you _ when you are in trouble. a. his helping hands b. the helping hand c. helping hands d. a helping hand 51.The historical events of that period are arranged _. a. in alphabetical order b. in an alphabetical order b. in the alphabetical orders d
40、. in a alphabetical orders 52.The like to take a vacation _. a. one time the year b. one time in a year c. once a year d. once in a year 53.“What is Todger?” “He is _.” a. a poet and novelist b. a poet and a novelist b. poet and novelist d. the poet and novelist 54.“How did you pay the workers?” “As
41、 a rule, they are paid _.” a. by an your b. by the hour c. by a hour d. by hours 55.The DMZ extends about two hundred kilometers _. a. from east to west b. from the east to west c. from the east to the west d. from eastern to western 56.What _ are you planning to buy? a. make of car b. make of the c
42、ar c. make of a car d. make of cars 57._,you cant fool her. a. The child though Rowena is b. Though child Rowena is b. As child Rowena is d. Child as Rowena is 58.Whats _ is to get information about the situation first. a. the wisest b. a wisest c. the wiser d. wisest 59.The differences between _ ar
43、e gradually being eliminated. a. the town and the country b. town and country b. a town and a country d. a town and the country 60.Scientists hope to send an expedition to Mars during _. a. the 1990s b. the 1990 c. 1990s d. 1990s 2.8 数词练习 1._ martyrs have heroically laid down their lives for the peo
44、ple. a. Thousand upon thousand of b. Thousand and thousands of c. Thousands upon thousands of d. Thousand and thousand of 2.They received _ of letters about their TV programs. a. dozen b. dozen and dozen c score d. dozens 3.Who is that man,_ in the front row? a. one b. the one c. first d. the first
45、4.We have produced _ this year as we did in 1993. a. as much cotton twice b. as twice much cotton c. much as twice cotton d. twice as much cotton 5.The earth is about _ as the moon. a. as fifty time big b. fifty times as big c. as big fifty time d. fifty as times big 6.The population of many Alaskan cities has _ in the past three years. a. more than doubled b. more doubled than c. much than doubled d. much doubled than 7.The moon is about _ in diameter as diameter as the earth. a. one-three as large b. one three as large c. one-third as large d. one thir