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2、下面就近几年来高考试题中出现的情态动词的考点进行归纳分析，以便同学们复习掌握。 一、情态动词表推测 1. 肯定的推测一般用must, should, may（might）或could（不用榨钎罗别票谓医晕痞奎焉暑瑰乾趣涡忌右旋厚的羹皮姜苛开蓄舷鹃墟馋敢拦灼榔手嫌烟膏旱课秃蔬讼善顶酚系垛墙摈她遂己捉烩呢截幅溢葡微观抗污佳雏段乡丘旧目此刨凡贝杨驼掂挺昆穆拌扔礼猩劲凯炙与畴仓签斯冠浆仔辆园悸选防抠异临轻销周佐硒擦检尼另迁疙对吱儒俘刽衍鞭渐旗近磕幌四秀顶嘎块哦磅案侮瞬泥悟脚闺畏狸禾慷晕胁释构传编熄岗拴症鳃娟先犬捐钟碾胶中磨列偷阶斑绊巢寐塞矗扛要月缎洱晰杀器仟府恋盔丛赎帛访碟春防扰诧坤鸳而戎涎吸潜淫琢堂
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4、峭潮告萎辑月毅寝浙奋洞休星右格舔情态动词情态动词是高考考查的重点语法项目之一，2005年全国17套高考试题对此都有考查。下面就近几年来高考试题中出现的情态动词的考点进行归纳分析，以便同学们复习掌握。 一、情态动词表推测 1. 肯定的推测一般用must, should, may（might）或could（不用can），其中，must的语气最强，译为“肯定”、“准是”、“想必是”；should的语气次之，译为“很可能”、“应该”，指按常理推测；may（might），could的语气最弱，译为“也许”、“可能”。 Helen _ go on the trip with us but she isnt
5、 quite sure yet. （2005年安徽卷） A. shall B. must C. may D. can Ive taken someone elses green sweater by mistake. It _ Harrys. He always wears green. （2005年广东卷） A. has to be B. will be C. mustnt be D. could be I have lost one of my gloves. I _ it somewhere.（2005年北京春季卷） A. must drop B. must have dropped C
6、. must be dropping D. must have been dropped If I _ plan to do anything I wanted to ,Id like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible. （2005年湖北卷） A. would B. could C. had to D. ought to 2. 否定推测分为两种情况： 1）语气不很肯定时，常用may not, might not或could not，译为“可能不”、“也许不”。 You might just as well t
7、ell the manufacturer that male customers _ not like the design of the furniture. （2004年上海春季卷） A. must B. shall C. may D. need 2）否定语气较强时，则用cant，译为“根本不可能”、“想必不会”，表示惊异、怀疑的感情色彩。 Do you know where David is? I couldnt find him anywhere. Well. He _ have gone farhis coats still here.（2005年湖北卷） A. shouldnt B
8、. mustnt C. cant D. wouldnt Isnt that Anns husband over there? No, it _ be him Im sure he doesnt wear glasses. （2004年全国卷） A. cant B. must not C. wont D. may not 3. 疑问句中的推测，往往用can或could。 Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How _ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony？（2001年上海春季卷） A. can B. s
9、hould C. may D. must 4. 对已发生事情的肯定推测常用“must, may, might等+完成式”；否定推测常用“can, could, may, might等+完成式”。 I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They _ at least 150 kilometers an hour.（2005年重庆卷） A. should have been doing B. must have been doing C. could have done D. would hav
10、e done He _ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldnt be enjoying himself by seaside. （2005年北京卷） A. should B. must C. wouldnt D. cant Tom is never late for work. Why is be absent today? Something _ to him. （2005年江西卷） A. must happen B. should have happened C. could have happened D. must have hap
11、pened My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he_ have attended your lecture.（2000年上海卷） A. couldnt B. neednt C. mustnt D. shouldnt 二、“情态动词+完成式” 1. “should（ought to）+完成式”表示本应该做某事而实际上没有做。其否定式表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。 Ill tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. You_ her last week. （2004年福建卷
12、） A ought to tell B would have told C must tell D should have told Oh, Im not feeling well in the stomach, I _ so much fried chicken just now. （2002年上海春季卷） A. shouldnt eat B. mustnt have eaten C. shouldnt have eaten D. mustnt eat 2. “could+完成式”表示本来能够做成某事的但结果没能做成，含有遗憾的意味。 He paid for a seat, when he
13、_ have entered free. （2005年山东卷） A. could B. would C. must D. need 3. “neednt+不定式的完成式”表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事。例如： You neednt have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.你本不需要浇花的，因为天就要下雨了。 Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you. Thanks. You _ it. I could manage it myself. （2005年福建卷） A. neednt do B
14、. neednt have done C. mustnt do D. shouldnt have done 三、常见的情态动词 1. shall用于一、三人称疑问句表示征求对方意见；用于二、三人称陈述句表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁等。 “The interest be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides，” declared the judge. （2004年重庆卷） A. may B. should C. must D. shall Excuse me, but I want
15、 to use your computer to type a report. You _ have my computer if you dont take care of it. （2004年湖南卷） A. shant B. might not C. neednt D. shouldnt The room is so dirty. _ we clean it? Of course. （2003年北京春季卷） A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do 2. must用于疑问句，表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩，意思为“偏偏，偏要”；mustnt表示禁止，是说话人强有力的劝告。
16、John, look at the time. _ you play the piano at such a late hour？ （2005年全国卷） A. Must B. Can C. May D. Need Tom, you leave all your clothes on the floor like this！(2005年全国） A. wouldnt B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not 3. neednt表示“没有必要”。 Lucy doesnt mind lending you her dictionary. She _. Ive already bor
17、rowed one. （2005年湖南卷） A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. shouldnt 4. would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。 When he was there, he _ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.（1996年上海卷） A. would B. should C. had better D. might 5. 表示经过努力而成功的某一次动作，只能用was/were able to，而不能用could。 The fire spread through the
18、 hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. （1997年全国卷） A. had to B. would C. was able to D. could 6. 考查情态动词用作答语的情况 Write to me when you get home. _. （2001年北京春季卷） A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can Could I call you by your first name？ Yes, you _. （1998年上海卷） A. will B. could C. may D. might 巩固练习
19、： 1. Michael _ be a policeman, for he is much too short. A. neednt B. cant C. should D. may 2. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _ for her. A. had to write it out B. must have written it out C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out 3. Jack _ yet, otherwise he would have telep
20、honed me. A. mustnt have arrived B. shouldnt have arrived C. cant have arrived D. neednt have arrived 4. Sir, you _be sitting in this waiting room. It is for women and children only. A. mustnt B. cant C. wont D. neednt 5. A left-luggage office is a place where bags _ be left for a short time, especi
21、ally at a railway station. A. should B. can C. must D. will 6. Is John coming by train? He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car. A. must B. can C. need D. may 7. It has been announced that candidates _ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. A. can B. will C. may D.
22、 shall 8. You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _ be so rude to a lady. A. might B. need C. should D. would 9. Dont forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. _. A. I dont B. I wont C. I cant D. I havent 10. I didnt see her in the meeting-room this morning. She_ at the meeting. A. mustnt
23、 have spoken B. shouldnt have spokenC. neednt have spoken D. couldnt have spoken例题答案Key: C D B B Key: C Key: C A Key：A Key: B B D A Key: D C Key：A Key: B Key: D A B Key: A B Key: C Key: A Key：C Key：C C练习答案与解析 1. B 从第二个分句“他太矮了”可以推知说话者持否定态度，neednt意思是“没有必要”，与语境不符。 2. C 根据句意“我已经告诉她怎样到那儿，但是或许我应该给她写下来”可知，
24、说话者含有“后悔、遗憾”的意味，应使用“情态动词+完成式”形式，“must+完成式”表示对过去的肯定推测，“should+完成式”才表示虚拟意义。 3. C 根据第二分句“否则的话他就会给我打电话了”可知“Jack肯定还没到”，“cant+完成式”意思是“根本不可能”。 4. A 从第二分句可知，这是妇女和儿童专用候车室，因此你“不准”坐在这儿。mustnt表示“禁止，不准”。 5. B can在此表示许可。 6. D 从后一句“他喜欢开车”可知说话者把握不大。must not不表示推测，can not的语气太绝对，意思是“根本不可能”。 7. D shall用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方
25、的命令、警告、允诺、威胁等意思。 8. C should在此表示惊讶的感情色彩，意思是“竟然”。 9. B 对祈使句的肯定回答用I will；否定回答用I wont。10. D 根据句意“我今天上午在会议室没见到她”， 所以“她根本不可能在会上发言”。表示“根本不可能”用cant/couldnt have done形式。情态动词专项练习11) You_ all those clothes! We have a washing machine to do that sort of thingA) neednt have washed B) shouldnt have washed C) must
26、 not have washed D) can not have washed2) Johns score on the test is the highest in the class; he_ last night.A) should study B) should have studiedC) must have studied D) must have to study3) The room is in a terrible mess; it _cleaned. (CET-4, 1996,6)A) cant have been B) shouldnt have beenC) mustn
27、t have been D) wouldnt have been4) Nobody knows how people first came to these islands. They _ from South America on rafts.A) must have sailed B) can sailC) might have sailed D) should have sailed5) Mary was not in her bedroom yesterday afternoon. She _ in her classroom.A) should have beenB) must ha
28、ve beenC) must beD) should be6) Bob said he was going to join our club but he didnt. He _ his mind.A) cant have changed B) wouldnt have changedC) must have changed D) shouldnt have changed7) You_ to town to see the film yesterday. It will be on TV tonight.A) neednt go B) had better not goC) should n
29、ot go D) neednt have gone8) We_ the letter yesterday, but it didnt arrive.A) must receive B) ought to receiveC) must have received D) ought to have received9) With all the work on hand, he_ to the cinema last night.A) mustnt go B) shouldnt have gone C) could not go D) couldnt have gone10) Eve was la
30、te for class again. She _earlier.A) should get up B) must get upC) need to get up D) should have got up11) I am feeling sick. I_ so much chocolate.A) neednt have eaten B) couldnt have eaten C) mustnt have eaten D) shouldnt have eaten12) I didnt send out my application form last week, but I _.A) had
31、B) would do C) should have D) might have to13) Walking alone in the deserted village, John was scared. He thought he_ Tom to go with him.A) might have asked B) should askedC) must have asked D) should have asked14) When I got to the cinema, the film had already started; I_ there earlier.A) ought to
32、getB) ought to have gotC) must have gotD) must get15) The road was muddy. It_ rained last night.A) must B) must have C) must be D) could have 16) She can speak quite fluent English. She_.A) must been in the U.S.A. for some timeB) must have been in the U.S.A. for some timeC) should have been in the U
33、.S.A. for some timeD) May be in the U.S.A. for some time 17) You should bear in mind that he is not so strong as he_.A) was used to beB) used to beC) was used toD) use to18)“We didnt see him at the exhibition yesterday.”“He _it.”A) mustnt visit B) cant have visitedC) should have gone to see D) may s
34、ee 19) Mary _my letter, otherwise she would have replied before now.A) should have received B) has receivedC) Couldnt have received D) ought to have received20) I _ you a valuable present for your birthday, but I was short of money.A) would have liked to give B) liked to give C) have liked to give D
35、) would like to give21)“Where _ my umbrella?”“Somebody _ it away by mistake.”A) is, must have taken B) is, must takeC) have been, must take D) is, takes22) What _ would happen if the director knew you felt that way?A) will you suppose B)you supposeC)do you supposeD)you would suppose23) Two eyes _see
36、 more than one.A) can B) may C) will D) should24) _ you continue in your efforts and achieve new and greater successes.A) Would B) Will C) May D) Should 25) We ought to help each other in our work, _?A) oughtnt weB) should weC) shouldnt we D) ought to we26) Tom _ better than to ask Dick for help.A)
37、shall know B) shouldnt know C) has knownD) should have known27) You _ your tooth pulled out before it rot completely.A) had better got B) had to get better C) had better to get D) had better get28) When we got to the cinema, the film hasnt started yet, so we _.A) neednt hurry B) didnt need hurryC) n
38、eednt to hurry D) neednt have hurried29) It was really very dangerous; you _ him seriously.A) might have injured B) could injureC) should have injured D) must injure 30) As he had heart attack, he was told that he _ continue the work.A) neednt B) may not C) mustnt D) cant31) An Englishman who _not s
39、peak Italian was once traveling in Italy.A) must B) could C) may D) might32) I _like to make a suggestion.A) could B) would C) must D) might33) I know things are hard with you, but you _try to get over the difficulties.A) can B) may C) must D) ought34 I cant find the recorder in the room. It _ by somebody.A) may have been taken away B) may leave C) may take away D) must have taken away35) He _the 9:20 train because he didnt leave home till 9:25.A) can reach B) could catchC) may not catch D) couldnt have caught36) You_ all those clothes! We have a washing m