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1、七选五阅读解题方法例析 （2016?全国卷） Secret codes （密码） keep messages private. Banks， companies， and government agencies use secret codes in doing business， especially when information is sent by computer. People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 36 . Code breaking never lags （落后） far behind code maki
2、ng. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography. There are three main types of cryptography. 37 . For example， the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me.” 38 . You might represent each letter with a number. For example，
3、lets number the letters of the alphabet， in order， from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter， the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 20 13 5.” A code uses symbols to replace words， phrases， or sentences. To read the message of a real code， you must have a code book. 39 . For example， “
4、bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me”. The message “bridge out” would actually mean “meet me”. 40 . However， it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently. A. It is very hard to break a code without the code book. B. In any language，
5、 some letters are used more than others. C. Only people who know the keyword can read the message. D. As long as there have been codes， people have tried to break them. E. You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out. F. With a code book， you might write down words th
6、at would stand for other words. G. Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet. 本文是一篇?f明文，简要介绍了密码的历史以及三种密码术。文章结构紧凑，脉络清晰，同学们理解起来难度不大。短文内容可分为三部分：密码的广泛应用、密码的历史及密码生成的三种密码术。 38. G。此题的关键是本段第三句中的specific letters of the alphabet。G项中的specific letters of the a
7、lphabet与本段第三句句中的specific letters of the alphabet构成词汇上的同现关系，故选G。 根据解析，我们可以总结出七选五阅读的解题方法： 1.通读全文，寻找主题句 一般情况下，七选五的阅读材料是说明文或者议论文，文章主题明确，结构清晰。拿到题目后，首先要根据文章的标题、首尾两段和各段第一句话确定文章的主题和结构。 在一个完整连贯的文段中，前后两个句子之间一定存在某种关联。这种关联可能是词汇上的复现，可能是指代关系，也有可能是逻辑关系。因此，可以先根据词语复现，圈定可选项，然后根据上下文的逻辑关系，确定答案。 句子间的衔接手段一般包括以下几种： （1）词汇手
8、段：原词复现、同义词、近义词、上下义词、同范畴词 例如2015年全国卷的第39题：Stop regarding yourself as the victim. If youve been betrayed， you are the victim of your circumstance. But theres a difference between being a victim and living with a victim mentality. 正确选项中的victim在下文中多次重复出现。 再如2015年全国卷的第40题：Instead of looking at the situat
9、ion from this hopeless angle， look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. Seeing the positive side of things doesnt mean youre ignoring what happened.正?_选项中的see与上一句中的look at是近义词，the positive side和上一句中的the good是近义词。 再如2014年全国卷的第37题：Your children need to be deep
10、ly curious. Encourage kids to cook with you. Ask kids， “What ingredients（配料） can we add to make these pancakes even better next time” and then try them out. 正确选项中的cook与后一句中的ingredients和pancakes属于同范畴词，构成词汇上的同现关系。 （2）照应关系 例如2015年全国卷的第37题：Sometimes people simply cant trust anymore. Theyve been too badl
11、y hurt and they cant bear to let it happen again. 正确选项中的They指代的就是上一句中的people，两者构成人称照应关系。 （3）逻辑关系 文章的内容是由各个层次、各个段落的大意有机组合而成，各层、各段所表达的内容都是要围绕中心的。从逻辑上看，语段的句际关系可分为平列、顺序、层递、转折、总分、解释、因果等关系。构成语段的各个句子之间有时可以包含一种以上的句际关系。 例如2015年全国卷的第20题：For each of those gardens， writer down the strongest memory you have. The
12、n go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden. 根据后一句中的then可知前后两个句子之间是按照先后顺序展开的。 4.通读全文 在初步确定答案后，应通读全文，检查文章内容是否完整，语义是否连贯合理、各段落内容是否紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺、连贯、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当，从而判断选择的答案是否正确。 同学们备考中应着重训练定位全文或段落主题句、理解文章篇章结构与逻辑关系、关注词汇复现与逻辑提示词的能力。只要掌握了科学的做题方法，在复习备考阶段加强专项训练，认真归纳分析错题，及时调整解题思路，用心体会该题型的出题规律，拿满分并不是非常困难的事。