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1、关于MTU和JumboFrame对网络连通性的影响的一些测试近日报装了一条点对点专线，接口是以太网的，因为需要测量出这条链路的MTU,所以对此作了一番研究和实验.我们都知道在网络上传输数据时,大数据会被分解为一个个小数据包来传递.比较常见的说法是这个数据包的尺寸上限被称为MTU,默认为1500字节。其实在以太网+TCP/IP环境中，通俗地说数据包分为两种：以太网数据包，和IP数据包，他们默认的大小分别为1500字节和1472字节，这是因为以太网数据包要包含整个IP数据包，还要加上MAC地址等内容,所以两者之间有一个几十个字节的差异。稍微专业点的说法，以太网数据包应该称为以太网数据帧，或MAC帧
2、。以太网帧在ISO/OSI模型中处于数据链路层的位置；而IP包处于ISO/OSI的网络层的位置。在另外的一些技术文章中，会提到数据包大小的两种应用方向：一是增大数据包以提高网络效率；二是减小数据包以提高网络兼容性，并提高效率。本人就根据第一种应用方向，曾经对局域网内NAS（网络存储）的传输效率做过一些测试，得到的结论是适宜地增大数据包尺寸，可以让NAS的传输速度提高2040%，但错误地增大数据包尺寸会导致NAS的传输速度降低95%以上，有兴趣者可以在网上搜索关键字“JumboFrame”和“NAS”参考。在很多Windows计算机中，对网络数据包的尺寸有设置作用的地方有两处，一是注册表中网卡的
3、MTU值；二是网卡驱动程序配置中的JumboFrame（巨型帧）值，请参见下面的图示，关于如何找到修改这两处配置的方法，请在网上自行搜索答案。本文中的测试用计算机的网卡都是Intel主控芯片的，所以在其驱动程序中可以选择设定其JumboFrame。据我所知很多厂家的网卡芯片的驱动程序中都能设置JumboFrame，哪怕是Windows自带的网卡驱动程序。那么我们不禁要产生一个疑问，究竟哪处设置决定数据包的尺寸？它们有何区别？修改之后对网络的连通性（本文仅讨论连通性问题）有何影响？下面直接给出一系列实验的图解，并对实验的参数进行了说明。在下面的测试中，有几点测试环境需要说明：1，所有测试都是用p
4、ing加-f参数，强制其不将大数据包拆分；2，很多测试步骤中，用网线直连两台计算机，以摒除网络交换机在中间的影响；两端都是JumboFrame-Disabled;两端都将MTU从注册表中删除（那么默认将是1500字节），无论网线直连还是通过Hub连接，互相ping的结果都是最大能通过14了2字节的数据包，超过此限则ping结果提示DFsetC:MJserslinping192.168.253.7-f-11473Pingirg-192.1G8.253.7witli1473bytesofdata:PachetPachetPachetPaclsetneedsneedsneedsneedstototo
5、tofragmemteclhutfragmentedhutfragmentedhutfFping192.It8_2527-11472pinging192.168.253.71with1472bytesofdata-ReplyfromReplypomReplypomReplyftorri192.168.253.7：bjites=1472192.168.253.7：biPtes=1472192168a253.7：btes=1472172.1G8.253Fbtes-1472timelmstimeClmstimelnstlnelri3rTL=128riL=128riL=i2eriL-128pingst
6、atisticsfor192.168.253.7：Packet?:Sent=4Receiued=4Lost=0CApppoxlnatepoundtiiptimesinnilli-seconde-Minxinun-0ms.-0m石亠ftveragre-Ornis两端都是JumboFrame=40胭；两端都是MTU=30000;两台电脑直连，可以ping通4046字节的数据包GigabitNetworkConnectionPropeties尊RegistryEditorGBnsral阳皿need&irDMaihPcrr4anao5rertTh日旧kiMdngpropediEtiar$availdb
7、bfortHsnetworkadapter.ClickU】eprapeit灼uvMait1odiaigean1heleftsMidthenselectHe冒Hueantherioht.Fkipeit”:FilEEdftViewFavoritesHelpTBSpipEnluTC2R旳咐时Inter卡rameSpacngEn皿PMERawChrtrdGigabillisterEtav日Madehl日nuptMcdeidticnRateIPvMChBakaimCfflaadParametersiJuitioPae:纭LargeScrdOffloadIPv4)LargeSerdOfflosdflPvB
8、jLinkSpeedACtipIcKLink.SpeedBdiefj-Savts-LocdiAiirlriffleredAddressLogLinkSlat日Em內Qrty各VLANAdapters,aDN眾环jInterfa匚电:j:-i196Bii-U59S:-.|.6F5D5BFEPersistejt!丄WiniDck卜Perfc-rmance,ServiceProvici禹TCT1P6Lj.TCP3PETUNNELName-TypeiDhcpGat.REGJINA.DhcpGut.REG.OW,.DhcpSeiwREG_Z出DcimREG._SZjlijEnabldJt.REGJM“j
9、EhabldJ.REG.DWu.吵iPAddressREG.MUL,.與|E$EfYErfl.REG.DWh.囲LbREG.OW,.jlijLEareGbL.REG.IlLe;ser.REG_DW.REG_DWfl00015185400)MLcdac9fC13C2B92CtfqirdJih7jUTjWM0a07530融Qi7lnWiJiL|J1-Lud66il|MQOQOODOi0)OToaooooi口)255.255.255.0255.255MLciL72b0372335”ComputeAHKEYJ.GCAL_MACHND.5STEMC4jrraitContre15出曲iuQT印神有一端的J
10、umboFrame=1500(disabled)3另外一端还是JumboFrame两端都是MTU二300C0,两台计算机网线口连，结果：,Jurabo=1500的计算机jiiiE对方时能通14了2字节的包，超过此限的订豳结果提示DFset;Junibo=4088的计算机,ping对方时謳通14了6字节的包，超过此限的pin菖结果是tiineout408SEroperty:感RegistryEdrforiJixnlx卩占出旦theprperlyyougePigchargeoniheH.ffiQihsnsdedrlsvduc口ntheri-t.AdaEveInter-FrameSpMgBiaePM
11、EFlowCampolGisjsbtMaser3oveModehtemjptMalerationFSdeIPw4OiecksumOHkhadileEd吐宝Favorites上kip世LinkageParametH-Ei-AdapterAhFNSRegi:jInterfacei卜舉193ELffl4C二.5936卜心F5Db舉日肝E.PeTiiten.aVJinsack|IlPerfofmance”.SB-icePrtrvi!卜TCPCRfi*.TCPEP6TUNNELNameTypeDiTtEJ5JIHhi：pGat.REG_BINA.Dba619ai06ffl0DCJt*DhcpGat.：R
12、EG.DW-.MOOCdMl(1)些QhcpSeniEfREG貝255.255.255.255我DomainREG.SZcliEntH.iin.laCHid.kprMEnableDe.REG_D叽CMMMl(L)翼EnaWcD.s.REG_DWIMD0D0Q0QIPAddreaREG_MUL.10166.2525113.232那SewrIVREG.DW,.IbflMfflMO(0)-?*LeaseRB3_DW.MOOClilS(5400)移LeaxieDbt.FIEG_DW.MlcdflcSlf(13721921程LeaseTer.REG.DW-.驴1尹*K?门和逻帳MTUREG_DW.I*M
13、MD7S30(30000)NameSer.REG.SZMRegisterA.REG_DW.OiOCCCdMO(0)n!fRegistrati.毗G_DW,IPMD0D0Q0LQJ更SubnetM.REG_MUL.255.255.255.0155255MnHE6_DWr.r0x5kdl72b0372395：XU3ersSduanlmExng1VJ卫bti日Pingrlng192=16B=.353,7with1473btesoiraala：PacketPackH七PacketPacketin此雌曲玄nccdanccdah&FpsmintedbefraFiiErifcrihefrngrmentedb
14、efrngrmentedbuthu.il：huthutDPDFDPDFB玄归七.3Ct3CtFew192a16B_253.7iPackste:S&rit=4*=总100:MJscrsSq,uejing192.168-253JU-f一11472Pingingi192with1472btesofdata*ItepdyReplyReplylErplFronFporFronfmn1921石目玄bytes=1472192=16.253,?：bteM4729.1ES.253_7:19S.168_253_?:lig“卿irHi(lvnsITL128ITL=2TTL-2TTL-15inestatistics巾
15、世192.16B.253.7Packers=Sone=4FReciyed=4liflet一0ppDMimatei?dnndtlptlfiesinrailll-ifecoodiS:HiiHmim-Btoa-口ns加曲刚已一血名,两端都是JumboFrame=4088;一端的MTU二3500,另外一端的MTU二30000;两台计算机网线直连MTU=3500的计算札pi屈对方时能通34陀字节的包，超过此限ping结果提示DFset;MTU=30000的计算机吗对方时能通404B字节的包，超过此限pin肓结果提示DFset.的RegittryEditor!,.TapiSrvIntelfR)92577L
16、NGiabrtNdrcrk:ConnectionPrcpertiwGeneraiMvancedDriver|血呂西PowerhlanagenwrtThelok-wingprupedieisreddiiikforilisnehvorkadaer.OkklhapTperlyyou-antIochargegi1he0fl,a-idlhaie甘曲IilsuaiuaonthenQ*EncpcflyAdmpb阳Irter-FrameEnaNrPMEF幻忧CorriralGabdF4asi*HemjptMod沁io仃Rmta些d业sumOffloadLaieSendCfikiadflFv4LarjcSend
17、CPbod(IPv6LmkSpeed3D日旦LnkSpeedBaHnySawtrjithiridejiBdAdJrsxsLegUikStaleEventPartly&LAHFileEditViewFawrrtetHdpEnumLinkageParamriera事AdaptEJ么EHN眄nterTflc,.i(I上W:.-丄5536F59BF2口护PEfsisteWinsoc.Perfonriam!SEAi匚EPreiNimejij-AddressT.期。占“忧REGDefaultG.REGJDhcpCon.REG强OhcpGati.MDhcpGjt.QhcpScrverDomainEnbleD
18、e.EnableD.PAddresEilhSenrerN.LeaseKjlLedseObt.T!PeDW.MUL.MUL.DW.REGQmaoaoooD10166.2510aaoaMOiMiOan5B0106OOMCojoaoaocoi(i)255.255.255.255clientSiCnikworldkpr0=00000001(1)aoaorao10166.252512323.2OsfflQOODOD(P)osoaoai5iE禺do0血让罰匸射(13723921Ic:XUsifisrsG：iijwi1ini.ng192.IBS.253(Pinging1.160.253.7with34?2b
19、jrtcsoFdata：tinsping92a16=253-%-f-13473PacketneedftobefragiraeiRtedbutDFsetracketncDdDtnbefraH-niDntisdbutWsotracketncDdDtnbefraH-niDntisdbutWsotracketneedetobefFaijineotedhutwPingintr192-168-253.?with3473bjrtcsofdatfl：rirhi3G：t：!ait:itie:mPnckctf:Sent4-Rcceiuedfar192.18_253_7:Lost-4loss).两端都是JumboF
20、rame=4088;两端都是MTU二30000,適过Hub（非管理型）连接型号为DLinklOOSDB5ping通的最大数据包为1490字节中超过此限ping结果是timeout型号为TP-LinkTL-SF1005+时*Bpingifi的哉大数据包为1476字节，超过此限pin吕结果是tim:outf只有超过4046李节时pin呂结果才提示DFsetJntdfRjS2577LMGic|BbrtKJe+曲止Connec+innPrcpertiwileEditViewFavorrtes.JHelpAdvancedDiv曰Ete怙世|Pnahla门耳|NameDnhErDpalyt-Misersj
21、uanlinpinsr152丄阴23(1?-f-1imn1.回i灌RegidryEdrtorPlngino.16S_253.7uith1451hptes：ofdata;Re-qiiiiE-H-ttdjriiSilout:.MQ0IXIM0ip)MCflMMl(1)255.255.255.025525=Qx51cdl72b(1U2385丁iJumboPacketlhep-operiyyouwari口diargeoilhefeH,md:hensdedrisonthen旷t.用mpti湘IrtrFrameSpactiqBiablePMERowCoErolQijsbtMasdcrSaveMedehie
22、mjptModerbnRdcIFWdiedcajmOfUdEnumLinkageParjnietefitAdapters卜”LNSR=gi-.InterfaceusaB.PersistenWinck|Performance5凶心伽iTCPCPfiTCPCP6TUNNELhcpGat.餌-DhcpGat.：史，DhcpServ曰巴D-omflin型EnabldDe.hEnntMrf).j*1PAddress科Is-ServerN_?t*LeaseMLeasfDbt.u*LeaseTer.,强MTU岂NamcStr._?*RegisterA.科Regirtriaiti.SubnetM.TypeRE
23、G_BINA.REG_DW.REG.SZREG.SZREG_DW.RE6_DW.REG_MUL.REG.DW.REG_DW.REG.DW.REG_DW.PREG_DW.REG.SZREG_DW.REG.DW.REG.MUL.REGDW.Dadi6igO106S)00CMraraoaLD.)255.255.255.255clients,rnkuiorld.kprDjfiMMMl(L)feOOOOOOOO(0)10106.2525123.232CbdOffifflOOQ(0)MD0Q15180a)Dx51cdOcSf1372393(C&OC00753033O3CHPingstaticfor192卫
24、丘日.ESS.*：PacJket=ont1,Rdcslued!-0i#Lost=1PC=MlseFt(LianJLlnping92ai6=253.ringing192.160-253.7with1498bytesoTdatfl：Replpfrora192.160,253.7：btes-10tine-lmaTTL-12Fingstatisticsfoi192liE呂.2H3.7：Packets:Sant-I,.Rcslued-Lo-et;=HpppoxioatgKQundtriptinesiniriilllseconds:n1MinirriJui1msrHaxaarwinji三1msrAuisF
25、aH三1msC：Mlacr*MniinJLinpin：gr1今葛1&目253?-f-1吒团弓7Pinging12=16=253.7uith4047btesofdataiPacketneefetob氏邈阿巨丽t日dbutWcet两端都是JumboFrame-4088,两端都是MTU-3500;两端都连接到-个可管理型干兆网路交换机（型号是D-LinkDGS-1024T）,并打开TumboFrame的支持功能.pi吨测试的结果是可以通过34驱字节的数据包，超过此限的则提示DFsetIntel(R)E2577LMGigabitNetworkConnezticnProperties盘RegistryE
26、ditorGeneraiAdvNicetiDriver|PowerMsnagemen!|TheFalcringprapsrtiesEreavalaNefortliig01ckthepwgerlywxj丽rttxichangeartheUft.ardthenmekhtsanlhenght.Prcpefl.AriapihreIrter-rrarre争些Ena血PME=Ft*CairtrolGgtMsster弟怕ModeIntsripirbrailanRate|PMdhe加le匸HfloMAjriibo卩ackelLargeS=ndOffliM日(IPv4)LargeSendOHlchad(iPvL
27、iikSpeed&口中龈LrikEpeedBatterySarLeia忖AdminstaredAdd阳狛LogLinkStartsEventPrariyiVLNQK|_Caned|C-linpinr1&9：.253fileFdrt里iewFsvorrtes旦亡Ip*TapiSrvgTB5_cpip:上Enum |.Linkage ParametEreb-Adapts!pJQNSRec丄Interfaxj:卜诵193LJi盟肌卜C&F5洌FL-Ub29J卜-陽RerstsiEI.诃inwKJjPErformani-3(ServicePrmNameTypeDetaAddress!,.REG.DW.
28、,IMIXJIUQOOVJ)我CefaultG.REG_MUL.1015&.251疫BHul：G.一REG_MUL.0J*DhcpCofi.REG.DW.MOOCOM1(1)DhcpGai.REG.BCNA.Daa6190106mootDhcpGat.,.REG.DW.,MD0DOQOLQJ_?EDhcpServ曰REG_SZ255.255.255.255ttomainREG_Zdienbs,cn-kwEd.kpr鞘EnablEDe.REG_DW.MOOCOM1|1)砂EnnbleD.REG_DW.MMCOOflQ(0)jPAddressREG.MUL.10105.2525123.232駁kS
29、erverKL.REG.DW.CbdOCCCdMO(0)烫LeoseREG.DW.,MKD15185400)鸳LeaseObt.REG_DW.DsJlcdOcSf11372392(*LeaieTer.灵MTUREGDV1-ULj药审口REG.DVY.iOOOIdacS5iWj辿NameSw.REGJZ*1irrrCompytHKELOCALUCHINE!.55TEMCMrrEfifcCDntr&lfettEfvicETcpipl.iministratonC:WindUvsteirdlXcrridipiiigjlijgr132*16-3253=7uXh3472咅odata：Replyfv*msm
30、险:plyfromflcplyFromFife192.ItB.253.7=192.168.253.7=172.L6B.Z53.7：172.168.253.7=bytes&3472bytes-3472hytss=3472t丄n鰹Hinix:tmclin3timedmsTTL-120TTL-128TTL-125TTL=12Filialetati&ticfrfos*192.158.253.7：Packt&:Sent=Received=4$Mlppr-oxaJiate呼計ininaltirme-sinnilli-seconidsiE；Hld_nduriLLFii二Bims:，Nis.KxnDiJ.ni
31、i-跖曲，RuerageLost-6losefcsSUscrsNdLLanlimbuing-19氛1&豳3ingiiji暫12.1SS253a7u肮h3473byt：巴号odata：FacketFnctet：oeadconerneeusneedsto七n七ntofpagnjanted!frarnen七dfrarnen七dfragmentedbuthuthuthut&日tqSEt_SEt_setfor192.168.253.7：Fajckat;艮：乞合介上二4#Rise超iw1色1二0壬Fing-statisticsLum二41口右A端的JumboFrame=Disabled,并且删除注册表中的
32、MTU(此时应该是默认的1500);B端的JumboFrame=4038,并且注册表中设置MTU=35()0,两台计算林通过网线直连；A端计算机班口菖对方时能通过的最大数据包是14了2字节，超过此限ping结果提示DFset,B端计算机卩i豳对方时，能通过的最大数据包是1476字节*而在1477-3472字节之间时，pin百结果为timeout,超过34了2字节时.ping结果提示IFsetInt日R)62577LMGigabitNetworkConnectionPppurfi酢Registry田加GereraiAliancadDriviDriva-DetalmIPowe-MfinagaTiB
33、TTlxfolffngpropertiegwe.avaiaHtFwtiiRnetwork.3dsplerCickthe卩呼曰力youzarita匸btarecnHieWt,ardIhmsdedIsvaLie-口niherFtErapefly:.Adaptivelnter-narefacingErabl&PMEHawCentralGoobtMositrStaveModeIrtsnjplrAjderarticjn口已:匕LargeSsndOffload(IPuiFLageSsndOffload(叫岳LiikSpeed盒DtpkicLnkSpeedEaWsrySa旳L&shAdnunsts阳HMdr
34、eaaLogLink且気EventPnorlyiVLiNA,iieEditMiew卩爭口rrtes.Fielp.TBS1.Tcpip卜-弹EnumLinkagejPararriEtgrt、MaptErs,ONSRegist:jnterfaces.U98BFh-fi144CD订蛋卩阳旦I岳l5i；19BFE7山eacl:|_BPeristentF|!JWinsockr,PerformanceaSehiicePrcvidi上TCPP6Tf-rtrridTTifa1*ir-ilULLNmeTypeData.直DhcpCm.ftEG_DW.MIMCOMLpi)_Jt*DhcpGat.：REG.BENA
35、.Daa61&0106M0DC谆DhcpGat.ftEG.DW.MCOCOMl(1)単:Dhc:p5cA!ErREG_5Z255.255.255.255更DomainREG.SZclient,cn.kwoddikpru*EnnNeDe.r-reg_dwtipMDODOOOlQJEnableD.REG_DW.C&OCOCdMOIP)PAddress毗G_MUL.10J66.25.25123.232灵IfSsrrN.REG_DW.MOODOWOIB).義LeaseREG_DW.MMC1518LeaseObt.REG_DWn.Qx51cd0c9f13723921*LeaeTer.REG_DW.摘MT
36、Ureg_dw.jTM00iXldapinv192.160.253.；-F-1117JPd-cketnoedtobefFacffiBotadhutWset.PacketneedstohefFaffiiEotedhutWset-racketneedstohafragprieotedbut:BFset_ParketneedtobefragiraciRtedbutDFsetPiiniyin1?2.253.7with1473bMesofPinigstatisticsfol*192.253.7sPackets:ant-4Rgcsiued-Lust-4xiwLt&於ciLind!tlptiotecinm1
37、111seco仃白占二MinifiiJjjt-Ims_FlaxiSdiuji=2iri益ping192.168.253.7-f-160S00Pinging192.168.253.7with60009btesofdata：IlcplyBeplyBeplyiBeplyfron192丄G8.253.5:from192.168.253.5:from192丄68.253.5；from192.168.253.5:DcstnationhastDestinationhostDestinationhostDestinationhostunreacliableunreachableiinreacliableunreachable.Pingstatisticsfop192-168.253.7：Packets:Sent=4,Received=4,Lost=6,C：XUsersXquan1in结论：1，在同一台Windows计算机中，网卡驱动程序中的JumboFrame值，与注册表中的网卡的MTU值，共同决定计算机的以太网数据包的尺寸，数值小者有效；2,JumboFrame值与MTU值似乎不是完全一回事，当JumboFrame值更小而生效时，最大IP包尺寸比Ju