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1、Word Usage and Error Explanations （Part l）“杨斯毅英语”之词汇误用解析系列（一） 我长期研究中国学生的英文论文，并且听他们的英文表达，在该过程中我发现，无论是中国国内的学生或是到了海外的中国留学生，他们的语言夹杂了许许多多语法或者语用上的错误。这些错误通常涉及某个词较为细节的用法，这些用法又往往具有一定的抽象性。根据语言教学的原则，错误要在有语境的环境下进行分析才能解释透彻，因为同一个单词在不同的语境下会产生不同的意义或者意义的细微差别。看来，只有在同一语境下对用词进行正误对照，并在此基础上加以解释才能更好地帮助学生们理解词汇的地道用法。因此，我撰写了
2、“杨斯毅英语之词汇误用解析”这一系列的文章，针对中国人常常混淆或者弄错的问题与难点，以词汇为中心，用正误句子对照后配上精简解释的形式帮助学习者彻底理解正确的词汇用法。该内容可以配合系统的语法学习（如“杨斯毅英语”语法体系学习）以及把领悟后的用法广泛应用于写作（如CET. TEM.IELTS、TOEFL等考试）和口语中。 本期我们要涉及的词汇包括 abandon， ability， able， about， above， above， absent， abso lutely， access， accident abandon 例1 Since death penalty was abandone
3、d， the crime rate has increased.错误 Since death penalty was abolished， the crime rate has increased.正确 解释abandon指的是“放弃一项计划、活动或者做某事的尝试”，标示着以不成功告终的结局；如Bad weather forced them toabandon the search.而abolish指的是“废除一项法案、一种传统或者一个体系，通常同时引入一项新的法案”等；如Do you knowwhen slavery was abolished in the United States？ 例
4、2 It is difficult to reach abandoned places such as small villages.错误 It is difficult to reach remote places such as small villages.正确 解释abandoned指的是“被拥有者或者居住者永远遗弃的”，如The field was littered with abandoned cars.而remote指的是“遥远且很难到达的”，如The tribe lives in a small remotevillage. ability. 例1 The ability of
5、 using knowledge in real life situations is important for college students.错误 The ability to use knowledge in real life situations is important for college students.正确 解释正确的用法为the ability to do sth.而不是of doing sth. 例2 1 want to improve my ability of writing.错误 1 want to improve my writing ability.正确
6、 解释writing/reading/speaking/listening/teaching/acting/ability才是自然地道的用法。再如Her performing ability was recognized at a very early age able 例 A non-native speaker of English is able to overtake a native speaker of English in terms of English speech.错误 A non-native speaker of English is capable of overta
7、king a native speaker of English in terms of English speech.正确 解释如果人们be able to do sth，那么他们能够做某事，而且这很寻常、并不令人吃惊。如The doctor said， after a few days，Id be able to get out of bed.如果人们be capable of doing sth.，那么他们并没有常常那样做，但如果他们很想那样做的话，是有可能做到的，如lm sure hes quite capable of getting here on time， but he jus
8、t cant be bothered. about 例1 About the matter of unemployment，l would like to add a few remarks to those of the previous speakers.错误 With regard to the matter of unemployment，l would like to add a few remarks to those of the previous speakers.正确 解释about可以用来引入话题或转换话题，但仅仅用于非正式场合，如口语中About that matter，
9、 l will get back to you as soon as possible.在其他的语体下，我们往往要使用with regard to， regarding， as for， as to， as regards， as far as-is concemed，如As regards your last question， my suggestion for now is that you look into joining one of the social clubs. 例2 It all depends. About myself，I havent encountered any
10、 difficult message that I cannot get across to westerners.错吴 It all depends. In my own case，I havent encountered any difficult message that l cannot get across to westemers.正确 解释当在讲话时或者写作时开始谈及自己的个人体验或者情况时，往往使用in my own case（较为正式场合）或者as for me/myself（正式或者较为正式场合），如Many students think the choice of a t
11、op university is very important for their postgraduate study. In my own case，I believe the choice of my mentor is even more important. above 例1 Taking all the above into account， one could say that native speakers of English without a teaching qualification may not do a betterjob in teaching English
12、 than non-native speakers who have got a teaching qualification.意义模糊，欠佳 Taking all the above arguments into account， one could say that native speakers of English without a teaching qualification may not do a better job in teaching English than non-native speakers who have got a teaching qualificati
13、on.正确 解释在写作时我们应该避免把above作为一个对前面所述的模糊指代，而是用完整的“above+名词”或者“名词+above”结构。如the above reasons； the statement above. 例2 This year English is above all my most important subject.错误 This year English is by far my most important subject.正确 解释above all本身的意味是most importantly，如There were many qualities that mad
14、e him a great leader.Above all， he has charisma.而最高级结构通常与by far连用，如The riot was by far the most horrific scene lve ever seen. 例3 I would be grateful if you would send it to the address above-mentioned.错误 I would be grateful if you would send it to the above mentioned address.正确 解释above-mentioned要放置在
15、名词之前，如the above-mentioned person， the above-mentioned proposal.注意above可以用在名词前面或者后面，如the above website， the website above。 absent 例 lts a pity that you were absent from IETGs opening ceremony.错误 lts a pity that you missed IETGs opening ceremony正确 lts a pity that you werent at IETGs opening ceremony.正
16、确 解释absent所指的“缺席”意味着本为官方正式要求要参与的活动，某人没有参与，如My friend was always absent from his math class.这种缺席往往要受到惩罚或者谴责。而miss或者not be at都仅仅是指某人没有出席某活动。 absolutely 例 It is absolutely important that you read English texts aloud every morning.错误 lt is very important that you read English texts aloud every morning.正
17、确 It is absolutely essential that you read English texts aloud every morning.正确 解释对于不具有强烈到极度的形容词，如important，hot，sure，tired，big，small等，我们不用absolutely， completely，totally， utterly来修饰，而是用very或者extremely。相反，对于具有强烈到极度的形容词，如boiling（very hot），convinced（very sure），exhausted（very tired），huge（very big），terrib
18、le（very bad），我们不用very或者extremely来修饰，而是使用absolutely/completely等。 access 例 Do you have an access to computers？错误 Do you have access to computers？正确 解释access是一个不可数名词，如The gate has been widened to provide easier access for disabled people.再如You have no right to refuse us access to these files. accident
19、例 She was involved in a big accident.错误 She was involved in a serious accident.正确 解释“大事故”不用a big accident来表达，而是a bad/dreadful/serious/fatal accident. 想成为杨斯毅英语官方正式学习者和支持者么？想摆脱中式英文、哑巴英文，更重要的是，想不想真正地摆脱为学而学，而把英语和自己的就业与未来生活紧紧地联系起来？想不想用真正的英语技能去实现完美就业与幸福生活？我们分分秒秒地立足于西方权威资源、教学、研究与发展以及终生不间断的实践去支持大家的外语学习！还等什么！欢迎加入IETG杨斯毅英语唯一终身免费QQ学习群90671315（杨斯毅英语教与学）。第 10 页