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1、Cardiac E-C coupling,Slow or L-type Ca2+ Channels (DHPRs),L-type Ca2+ Channels,Ca2+ Release Channel of the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (Ryanodine Receptor),cardiac ryanodin receptor,Physiological and pathophysiological regulation,Ca2+ Pump of the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SERCA),SERCA,SERCA-PLN complex,Pho
2、spholamban (PLN) & Sarcolipin (SLN),The Ca2+ Pump of the Plasma Membrane (PMCA),Sodium/Calcium Exchanger (NCX),Troponin C (TnC),Calmodulin (CaM),Calmodulin (CaM) & Calmodulin Kinase II (CaMKII),Calmodulin Kinase II (CaMKII),Regulation of Ca Transporters by CaM and CaMKII,frequency-dependent accelera
3、tion of relaxation (FDAR),Calsequestrin (CSQ),Organization of EC coupling elements,Integrative Analysis of Calcium Cycling in Cardiac Muscle,Ca2+i Transient in Heart Cell,Ca2+I Transient,Ca2+i sparks,&,Ca2+ Requirements for Activation of Myofilaments,Autoregulation of SR Ca2+ Content,Changes of sarc
4、olemmal fluxes and SR CaCa2+ release during potentiation of CICR by caffeine (500 mmol/L),Modulation of the RyR,relationships between the various Ca2+ fluxes,Ca2+ Influx During the Cardiac AP,Ca2+ Removal From the Cytosol During Cardiac Relaxation,Frequency-dependent changes in the fraction of Ca re
5、lease that is taken back up by the SR,Measurement of SR Ca2+ content and forcefrequency relationship.,force frequency relation,Frequency-dependence of isometric twitch force (twitch) and rapid cooling contractures (RCC) in nonfailing and failing human myocardium,Relationship between NCX and SERCA pr
6、otein levels and in non-failing and failing human myocardium,Caffeine contractures in isolated rabbit myocytes following adenoviral gene transfer of LacZ and NCX,Frequency-dependent changes in twitch force, aequorin light signals RCCs in huma atrial muscles (A) and ventricular muscles (B).,Steady-st
7、ate twitches, postrest twitches, and RCCs in isolated human atrial myocardium.,Rapid Cooling Contracture,Paired RCCs and Ca2+ Reuptake Into the SR,Rest-dependent changes in the amplitudes of twitch force and RCCs) in human atrial myocardium (A) and ventricular muscles (B),postrest potentiation & postrest decay,restitution,postextrasystolic potentiation,Ca2+ Restitution of the Ca transient,