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1、高考英语一轮复习课件,新 课 标 版,人 民 教 育 出 版 社,第二编 语 法 知 识,语法学案10 情态动词与虚拟语气 考点1 情态动词的基本用法 考点精讲1 can和could的用法 (1)表示“能力”。 No one can be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball. 在打篮球方面, 无人能与姚明相媲美。 (2)表示惊讶, 常用在否定句和疑问句中。 How could you do such a silly thing? 你怎么能做那样的蠢事呢? (3)cannot. . . too/enough表示“无论也不过分”；“越越好”。,
2、高考一轮总复习,You cant be too careful while driving. 开车时越小心越好。 典例剖析 I_ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home. 2012陕西卷 A. wont B. cant C. can D. will 剖析 考查情态动词。所填情态动词与too构成固定句型cant/couldnt. . . too. . . , 意思是：再都不为过, 故选B。 考点精讲2 may和might的用法 (1)may和might表示“许可”, “可能性”, “祝
3、愿”等意义。在给予别人许可时, 常用can, 但有时也用may。不能用might；“may as well+动词原形”意为“最好；满可以；倒不如”。,第二编 语 法 知 识,May I take the book out? 我能将书带出吗? We may as well stay where we are. 我们留在现在的地方倒也不错。 (2)may作“可以”讲时, 其否定式常用“mustnt”表示“禁止”；must作“必须”讲时, 其否定式是“neednt”, 表示“不必”。 May I take this book out of the reading room? No, you must
4、nt. You read it here. 我可以把书拿出阅览室吗? 不, 决不可以。你在这儿读。 典例剖析 I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese, and I said “Ni Hao” just as I_ do in China. 2012四川卷 A. must B. might C. can D. should,高考一轮总复习,剖析 考查情态动词。句意：我靠他们足够近以听见他们说汉语, 而且我会像我在中国可能做的那样说“你好”。might表示“可能”。故选B。 考点精讲3 must的用法 (1)表示禁止(用于否定句)。 You
5、 mustnt park here! 你不可以在这儿停车！ (2)表示“偏执”；“固执”。 Must you make so much noise? 你非得弄出这么大声吗? 典例剖析 _ you interrupt now? Cant you see Im on the phone? Sorry. Sir, but its urgent. 2012重庆卷 A. Can B. Should C. Must D. Would,第二编 语 法 知 识,剖析 考查情态动词。句意：你现在一定要打断我吗?难道你没看到我在打电话吗?对不起, 先生, 事情很急。根据语境选C。 考点精讲4 shall的用法 (
6、1)用于第一、第三人称疑问句中, 表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。 What time shall I pick you up at your house tomorrow, sir？ 先生, 我明天什么时候到你家接你呢? (2)用于第二、第三人称陈述句中, 表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。 You shall not get my support if you do such a thing. 假如你做那种事, 我就不支持你。,高考一轮总复习,典例剖析 One of our rules is that every student_ wear school uniform wh
7、ile at school. 2012辽宁卷 A. might B. could C. shall D. will 剖析 考查情态动词。shall用于第二、第三人称, 表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。这儿是说根据学校规定学生在校时都必须穿校服。故选C。 考点精讲5 will和would的用法 (1)表示自愿做或主动提出做什么, 如意志、愿望或决心等。would用于表示过去的情况。 John promised his doctor he would not smoke. 约翰答应他的医生不再吸烟了。 I have told him again and again to stop smok
8、ing, but he will not listen. 我已再三告诉他戒烟, 但是他就是不听。,第二编 语 法 知 识,(2)will可以表示一种习惯性的动作, 有“总是”或“总要”之意。 Every morning he will have a walk along this river. 每天早晨, 他总是沿着小河散步。 (3)would可以表示过去的习惯性动作, 比used to正式, 但没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。 When I was young, I would listen to the radio, waiting for my favorite songs. 当我还是个小女
9、孩的时候, 我常听着收音机, 等待我最喜欢的歌。 典例剖析 Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but _ say where he was. 2012江苏卷 A. mustnt B. shouldnt C. wouldnt D. mightnt,高考一轮总复习,剖析 考查情态动词。mustnt意为“禁止”；shouldnt意为“不应该”；wouldnt意为“不愿意”；mightnt意为“或许不”。根据句意应选C项。 对应训练 1. Shall I inform him of the change of the sche
10、dule right now? I am afraid you_ , in case he comes late for the meeting. A. will B. must C. may D. can 2. If you _ go, at least wait until the storm is over. A. can B. may C. must D. will 3. Some young people these days just_ go out of their homes to contact the real world. A. mustnt B. wont C. mig
11、htnt D. shouldnt,B,C,B,第二编 语 法 知 识,考点2 情态动词表“推测” 考点精讲 1. can用于肯定句中可以用来表示推测, 意为“有时会”；用于疑问句中表示推测, 意为“可能”, 有时表示一种惊讶的语气；用于否定句中也可以表示推测, cant意为“不可能”, 语气很强烈。 It is usually warm in March, but it can be rather cold sometimes. 三月份通常很暖和, 但有时也会相当冷。 Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How can it be that he was l
12、ate for the meeting? 布什先生做什么事情都很准时, 他怎么可能开会迟到呢? Im afraid Mr. Harding cant see you now. Hes busy. 恐怕Mr. Harding现在不能见你, 他很忙。,高考一轮总复习,2. may用于肯定句中可以用来表示推测, 意为“可能”；用于否定句中也可以表示推测, may not意为“可能不”, 表示一种不太确定的语气。 I might arrive a bit late, so could you save me a place? 我可能会来晚一点, 请你帮我保留个位置好吗? This may not be
13、 done by him. 这可能不是他做的。 3. must表示推测时只能用于肯定句中, 意为“一定；必定”, 表示十分肯定的语气(在疑问句中或否定句中要用can)。 At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers. 这时, 我们老师想必在批改试卷。,第二编 语 法 知 识,4. should用来表示推测时意为“应该”, 即含有“按道理来说应当如此”的意思。 He should be here on timehe started early enough. 他该按时到这里, 因为他出发得够早的。 典例剖析 It_
14、be the postman at the door. Its only six oclock. 2011江西卷 A. mustnt B. cant C. wont D. neednt 剖析 考查虚拟语气。句意：不可能是邮递员在门口, 才六点钟呢。cant 不可能。根据后一句“现在仅仅是六点”, only一词肯定语气强烈, 前一句为门外的绝不可能是邮递员。故选B。,高考一轮总复习,对应训练 4. I dont like James. Why did you invite him? Dont worry. He_ come. He said he wasnt certain what his p
15、lans were. A. must not B. need not C. would not D. might not 5. Hows your new babysitter? We_ ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much. A. should B. might C. mustnt D. couldnt 6. Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _ be regular exercise. A. can B. will C. must D. may
16、,D,D,C,第二编 语 法 知 识,7. Some people who dont like to talk much are not necessarily shy；they _ just be quiet people. A. must B. may C. should D. would 考点3 “情态动词+have+过去分词”的用法 考点精讲 1. can/could have done表示“本来可以做, 而实际上未做”或者“过去可能”, 疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为表示怀疑或不肯定, 其中cant have done多用于语气强烈的否定, “不可能做过”。 He cannot
17、have forgotten it. 他不可能忘记它了。 I could have worked out the problem, but I didnt. 我本可以解决这个问题, 但我没做。,B,高考一轮总复习,典例剖析 We_ the difficulty together, but why didnt you tell me? 2012北京卷 A. should face B. might face C. could have faced D. must have faced 剖析 考查虚拟语气。句意：我们本可以一起面对困难, 但是你为什么不告诉我呢？could have done表示过
18、去本可以做某事, 但实际未做。故选C项。 2. may/might have done表示对过去行为的推测, 意为“可能做过”。might所表示的可能性比较弱, 语气较委婉。此外might have done可表示“本可能做而实际上未做”。 He might have seen the surprise in my face. 他或许已经看到了我惊异的表情。,第二编 语 法 知 识,3. must have done表示对过去行为的推测, 意为“一定；想必”, 语气十分肯定。 The ground is wet. It must have rained last night. 地面是湿的, 昨
19、晚一定下雨了。 4. should/ought to have done表示过去本来应该做某事而实际上却没有做；shouldnt/ought not to have done表示过去本来不应该做某事而实际上却做了。这一用法往往含有责备的意味。 I should have left London before 9, but I didnt. 我本该在9点以前离开伦敦, 但是我没有。 典例剖析 They_ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed. 2011新课标全国卷 A. will B. can C. must D. shou
20、ld,高考一轮总复习,剖析 考查虚拟语气。句意：他们本该午饭时到达, 但他们的航班推迟了。should have done本来应该做某事而实际没做。but their flight was delayed这样的结果, 说明他们本来该到达却没有到达, 故选D。 5. neednt have done表示本来不必做某事而实际上却做了。 You neednt have done the washing up. 你本不必洗那些餐具。 典例剖析 We_ have bought so much food now that Suzie wont be with us for dinner. 2012江西卷
21、A. may not B. neednt C. cant D. mustnt 剖析 考查情态动词的用法。may not不可以, neednt不需要, cant不可能, mustnt绝不可能。句意：既然Suzie不和我们一起吃晚饭, 我们没必要买这么多食物。故选B。,第二编 语 法 知 识,对应训练 8. Sorry, Professor Smith. I didnt finish the assignment yesterday. Oh, you_ have done it as yesterday was the deadline. A. must B. mustnt C. should D
22、. shouldnt 9. It_ have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car. A. may B. can C. must D. should 10. He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he _ it differently. A. could express B. would express C. could have expressed D. must have expressed,C,C,C,高考一轮总复习,11. W
23、hat a pity！Considering his ability and experience, he _ better. A. need have done B. must have done C. can have done D. might have done 考点4 虚拟语气 考点精讲1 非真实条件句中虚拟语气的用法,D,第二编 语 法 知 识,If I had time, I would attend your party. 如果我有时间, 我就去参加你的宴会。 If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived here
24、in time for the meeting. 要是我们走其他的路, 我们可能及时到达这儿参加会议了。 If it snowed/were to snow/should snow tomorrow, we would take photos. 如果明天下雪, 我们就照相。,高考一轮总复习,注意：若条件句中有were, had, should, 可把if省略, 而把were, had, should放在主语前, 形成倒装结构, 这种结构主要用于书面语中。 Had you come earlier, you would have caught the bus. 如果你来得早些, 你就能赶上公交车
25、。 典例剖析 We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold_ us a ride home. 2012天津卷 A. didnt offer B. wouldnt offer C. hasnt offered D. hadnt offered 剖析 考查虚拟语气。句意：如果Harold不送我们回家, 昨天我们可以打的。表达与过去的事实相反, 从句用过去完成时, 主句用would have done。故选D。,第二编 语 法 知 识,考点精讲2 错综时间虚拟条件句 If you had worked hard, you would be very
26、tired now. 如果你真的努力工作了, 你现在就会感到很累的。(从句指过去, 主句指现在) 考点精讲3 含蓄虚拟语气 有时假设的情况并不用条件从句表达, 而是由otherwise, but, or, without, but for等来引导。 But for your help, we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time. 没有你的帮助, 我们不可能提前完成这项工作。 I was so busy then, otherwise I would have gone to help him. 那时我太忙了, 否则我就去帮他了。,高考一轮总
27、复习,典例剖析 We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we_ more places of interest yesterday. 2012福建卷 A. visited B. had visited C. would visit D. would have visited 剖析 考查虚拟语气。从时间状语yesterday知道是对过去的虚拟, 前半句是个过去的客观事实“我们在那个小山村迷路”, otherwise(否则)后半句是对过去的虚拟would have done。故选D。 考点精讲4 某些从句中虚拟语气的用法 (1)表示命令、建
28、议、要求、愿望等含义的动词后接宾语从句和同位语从句时用虚拟语气, 形式为：(should+)动词原形。常这样用的动词有：advise劝告, demand要求, desire渴望, command命令, insist坚决要求, prefer宁愿,第二编 语 法 知 识,urge主张, order命令, recommend劝告；建议, request要求, require要求, suggest建议, 以及这些词的名词形式。 He demands that he (should) be told everything. 他要求将一切告诉他。 (2)wish后跟宾语从句时用虚拟语气。 对现在情况的假设
29、：wish+主语+动词过去式(be用were) 对过去情况的假设：wish+主语+had+过去分词 对将来情况的假设：wish+主语+would+动词原形 I wish she had taken my advice. 那时她要是听我的话就好了。 (3)would rather后跟从句时用虚拟语气, 表示愿望, 意为“宁愿；但愿”。 I would rather you paid the money yourself. (现在) 我倒宁愿你自己付钱。,高考一轮总复习,I would rather she had not done that. (过去) 我宁愿她(过去)没做那事。 (4)在“It
30、 is (about/high) time+ that从句”中, 谓语动词常用过去式表示虚拟语气。 It is high time that people learnt English. 到了人们该学英语的时候了。 (5)if only引导的感叹句中, 用虚拟语气表示愿望。 If only we had taken our teachers advice! 要是我们接受老师的建议就好了。 (6)在as if从句中, 看语境是否与事实相反而选择是否使用虚拟语气。 It looks as if its going to rain. 天看上去似乎要下雨。,第二编 语 法 知 识,She talked
31、 about it again and again as if she would never end. 她反复谈论那件事, 好像永远也谈不完。 典例剖析 Dont handle the vase as if it_ made of steel. 2012北京卷 A. is B. were C. has been D. had been 剖析 考查虚拟语气。对现在的虚拟用were。故选B。 对应训练 12. Where are the children? The dinners going to be completely ruined. I wish they_ always late. A
32、. werent B. hadnt been C. wouldnt be D. wouldnt have been,A,高考一轮总复习,13. I _ sooner but I didnt know that they were waiting for me. A. had come B. was coming C. would come D. would have come 14. Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution. I_ it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview. A.
33、attended B. had attended C. would attend D. would have attended 1. Sorry, I am too busy now. If I_ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you. 2012湖南卷 A. have had B. had had C. have D. had,D,D,D,第二编 语 法 知 识,2. If my car_ more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summe
34、r. 2012陕西卷 A. was B. had been C. should be D. would be 3. Im going to Europe on vacation together with John if I_ find the money. 2012大纲全国卷 A. can B. might C. would D. need 4. Its quite warm here; we_ turn the heating on yet. 2012天津卷 A. couldnt B. mustnt C. neednt D. wouldnt 5. I _ use a clock to wa
35、ke me up because at six oclock each morning the train comes by my house. 2012全国新课标卷 A. couldnt B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. neednt,B,A,C,D,高考一轮总复习,6. If we_ adequate preparations, the conference wouldnt have been so successful. 2012山东卷 A. havent made B. wouldnt make C. didnt make D. hadnt made 7. If you
36、 _ smoke, please go outside. 2011大纲全国卷 A. can B. should C. must D. may 8. Maybe if I_ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help. 2011北京卷 A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying,D,C,C,第二编 语 法 知 识,9. I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gav
37、e it to a railway official. How unbelievable to get it back！I mean, someone _ it. 2011江苏卷 A. will have stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen 10. What do you think of store shopping in the future? Personally, I think it will exist along with home shopping but_. 2011安徽卷 A. will never replace B. would never replace C. will never be replaced D. would never be replaced,返回目录,继续,B,C,