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1、为换大房子 伦敦人掀起卖房风与当今“教师”一称最接近的“老师”概念，最早也要追溯至宋元时期。金代元好问示侄孙伯安诗云：“伯安入小学，颖悟非凡貌，属句有夙性，说字惊老师。”于是看，宋元时期小学教师被称为“老师”有案可稽。清代称主考官也为“老师”，而一般学堂里的先生则称为“教师”或“教习”。可见，“教师”一说是比较晚的事了。如今体会，“教师”的含义比之“老师”一说，具有资历和学识程度上较低一些的差别。辛亥革命后，教师与其他官员一样依法令任命，故又称“教师”为“教员”。 A record proportion of London homeowners are selling up to buy ch
2、eaper property in the north and Midlands, using profits made in the capital to splurge on bigger homes.创纪录比例的伦敦房主正在变卖房屋，以购买北部和中部地区更便宜的房产，利用在首都住房所获利润买入更大的房屋。Research by agents Hamptons International found the proportion of Londoners leaving the capital for northern England or the Midlands had tripled
3、 since 2019.房产经纪机构汉普顿斯国际进行的研究发现，自2019年以来，离开首都、前往英格兰北部或中部的伦敦人的比例已翻了3倍。The average Londoner quitting the capital pays 424,610 pounds for their new property, enough to buy a large detached house in a good suburb of Birmingham but which only pays for a two-bed flat above a shop in east London.离开伦敦的人平均花费
4、42.46万英镑新置房产，这笔钱足够在伯明翰环境不错的郊区买一套独栋住宅。但是同样是这笔钱在伦敦东部只能买一套两居室公寓。“教书先生”恐怕是市井百姓最为熟悉的一种称呼，从最初的门馆、私塾到晚清的学堂，“教书先生”那一行当怎么说也算是让国人景仰甚或敬畏的一种社会职业。只是更早的“先生”概念并非源于教书，最初出现的“先生”一词也并非有传授知识那般的含义。孟子中的“先生何为出此言也？”；论语中的“有酒食，先生馔”；国策中的“先生坐，何至于此？”等等，均指“先生”为父兄或有学问、有德行的长辈。其实国策中本身就有“先生长者，有德之称”的说法。可见“先生”之原意非真正的“教师”之意，倒是与当今“先生”的称
5、呼更接近。看来，“先生”之本源含义在于礼貌和尊称，并非具学问者的专称。称“老师”为“先生”的记载，首见于礼记?曲礼，有“从于先生，不越礼而与人言”，其中之“先生”意为“年长、资深之传授知识者”，与教师、老师之意基本一致。Aneisha Beveridge, research analyst at Hamptons, said: With affordability stretched, more Londoners are moving out of the capital to find their new home.汉普顿斯研究分析师阿尼莎贝弗里奇称：“随着房产负担能力的减弱，更多伦敦人搬
6、出首都，去寻找他们的新家。”Many London leavers were looking for a bigger home or better local schools. Beveridge added that hefty stamp duty charges were also pushing second-movers out of the capital.许多离开伦敦的人是为了寻找更大的住所或当地更好的学校。贝弗里奇还表示，高额的印花税费正促使后进离开者搬离伦敦。More people are making a bigger move and buying a larger h
7、ome sooner to avoid having to pay stamp duty on additional moves as they trade up. For many, this means heading further north.“越来越多的人开始采取更大的行动，提前购买更大的房子，以避免在交易过程中额外支付印花税。对很多人来说，这意味着往北搬家。”Hamptons said 30,280 Londoners sold their homes in the first half of 2018 to move out of the capital, a rise of 1
8、6% over the same period last year.汉普顿斯称，2018年上半年有30280名伦敦人卖掉他们的住房，搬出伦敦，同比增加16%。“教书先生”恐怕是市井百姓最为熟悉的一种称呼，从最初的门馆、私塾到晚清的学堂，“教书先生”那一行当怎么说也算是让国人景仰甚或敬畏的一种社会职业。只是更早的“先生”概念并非源于教书，最初出现的“先生”一词也并非有传授知识那般的含义。孟子中的“先生何为出此言也？”；论语中的“有酒食，先生馔”；国策中的“先生坐，何至于此？”等等，均指“先生”为父兄或有学问、有德行的长辈。其实国策中本身就有“先生长者，有德之称”的说法。可见“先生”之原意非真正的
9、“教师”之意，倒是与当今“先生”的称呼更接近。看来，“先生”之本源含义在于礼貌和尊称，并非具学问者的专称。称“老师”为“先生”的记载，首见于礼记?曲礼，有“从于先生，不越礼而与人言”，其中之“先生”意为“年长、资深之传授知识者”，与教师、老师之意基本一致。中国正在建造价值10亿的超导计算机Chinese scientists are building a low-energy and high-performance superconducting computer, aiming to complete a prototype as early as 2022, according to a
10、 media report.根据一则媒体报道，我国科学家正在建造一台低耗能、高性能的超导计算机，旨在最早于2022年建成样机。Scientists at the Chinese Academy of Sciences launched the project worth one-billion yuan last November.中国科学院的科学家们是在去年11月启动了这个预算10亿元的项目。The unprecedented machine will have central processing units running at a frequency of 770 gigahertz
11、or higher. By contrast, the fastest existing commercial processor runs at just 5 Ghz.这台史无前例的机器的中央处理器将以770千兆赫或更高频率运行。相比之下，现有的最快商业处理器的运行速度仅为5千兆赫。The machine will also help find a way to reduce the massive energy consumption of supercomputers. As supercomputers grow bigger, so does their appetite.这台机器还
12、将有助于找寻降低超导计算机巨大能耗的方法。随着超级计算机变得越来越大，它们的胃口也越来越大。Chinas Sunway TaihuLight, the worlds second-fastest supercomputer behind the Summit in the US, requires 15 megawatts of power to run for one year, according to a researcher involved in the R&D process.据参与研发过程的研究人员称，中国的神威太湖一号是全球第二大超级计算机，仅次于美国的Summit，需要15兆
13、瓦的电力才能运行一年。By 2040, the worlds computers may need more electricity than our global energy production can deliver, according to a report released by the Semiconductor Industry Association and the Semiconductor Research Corporation in 2019.根据半导体行业协会和半导体研究公司2019年发布的一份报告显示，到2040年，全球的计算机需要的电力可能要比全球能源生产的电
14、力更多。The superconducting computer could be one of the most radical solutions to an ever-increasing energy demand. The concept rests on sending electric currents through supercooled circuits made of superconducting materials.超导计算机可能是不断增长的能源需求的最激进的解决方案之一。该概念依赖于通过由超导材料制成的过冷电路发送电流。美国司法部支持亚裔学生起诉哈佛歧视The Ju
15、stice Department lent its support to students who are suing Harvard University over affirmative action policies that they claim discriminate against Asian-American applicants, in a case that could have far-reaching consequences for the use of affirmative action in college admissions.日前，美国司法部向正在起诉哈佛大
16、学的学生提供支持，这些学生称，该大学使用平权行动政策，歧视亚裔美国申请者，该诉讼对于平权法案在大学入学时的使用，将产生深远影响。In a statement of interest, the department supported the claims of the plaintiffs, a group of Asian-Americans rejected by Harvard.在一份利益声明中，司法部支持原告，即一群被哈佛拒绝的亚裔美国人的主张。They contend that Harvard has systematically discriminated against them
17、 by artificially capping the number of qualified Asian-Americans from attending the school to advance less-qualified students of other races.他们认为，哈佛通过人为限制合格亚裔美国人的入学人数，促进其他种族的不合格学生入学，从而对他们构成系统性歧视。Harvard has failed to carry its demanding burden to show that its use of race does not inflict unlawful r
18、acial discrimination on Asian-Americans, the Justice Department said in its filing.司法部在提交给法院的文件中称：“哈佛未能承担其备受需要的责任，表明其对种族因素的使用不会对亚裔美国人造成非法种族歧视。”The filing said that Harvard uses a vague personal rating that harms Asian-American applicants chances for admission and may be infected with racial bias; en
19、gages in unlawful racial balancing; and has never seriously considered race-neutral alternatives in its more than 45 years of using race to make admissions decisions.该文件称，哈佛“使用模糊的个人评级，可能会受到种族偏见的影响，损害亚裔美国申请人的入学机会；实施非法的种族平衡；在超过45年的时间里使用种族因素做出录取决定的过程中，从未认真考虑过种族中立的其他选项。”The Justice Department has increa
20、singly used such statements of interest to intervene in civil rights cases. Before 2019, such statements appeared only seven times in civil rights-oriented disputes, according to a recent paper by law school student Victor Zapana.司法部越来越多地利用这种利益声明干预民权案件。根据法学院学生维克多扎帕纳最近的一篇论文，在2019年之前，这些声明在民权纠纷中只出现了7次。
21、From 2019 to 2019, they were drafted in at least 242, almost all by the Obama administration on issues such as videotaping police brutality and ensuring that blind people and their service dogs have access to Uber.从2019年到2019年，共有至少242个这样的声明，几乎全由奥巴马政府起草，例如给警察的残暴行为拍录像，以及确保盲人及其导盲犬可以使用优步。But the Trump a
22、dministration is turning the same tool against affirmative action in college admissions, a major - and highly contentious - legacy of the civil rights era, and one that white conservatives have opposed for decades.但特朗普政府正在使用同样的工具，反对大学录取中的平权行动，它是民权时代一个重大且极具争议性的遗产，几十年来一直遭到白人保守派反对。In the past few years
23、, the anti-affirmative action cause has been joined by Asian-Americans who argue that they are being held to a higher standard, losing out on coveted slots at places like Harvard as African-Americans, Latinos and other groups get a boost.在过去的几年里，亚裔美国人加入了反平权行动的行列，他们认为自己被适用了更高的标准，使得他们在竞争哈佛大学入学资格等令人向往的
24、名额时，败给非裔美国人、拉丁裔和其他团体。A handful of states ban public universities from relying on affirmative action, pushing several toward a model that takes socioeconomic factors into account instead of race.少数几个州禁止公立大学依靠平权行动，这令一些大学推行更多考虑社会经济因素而不是种族因素的模式。Public universities in California and Washington have tried
25、 to engineer class-based diversity in their student bodies, believing that giving a lift to lower-income students will end up bringing in more minority students as well.加利福尼亚州和华盛顿州的公立大学试图在他们的学生中设计基于阶级的多样性，他们认为鼓励低收入学生最终会导致更多的少数族裔学生入学。But these methods have not produced classes with an ethnic makeup t
26、hat mirrors that of the states where they have been used, and many selective private universities continue to admit students partly on the basis of race - though, until Harvard was forced to detail its internal admissions policies recently, few could say how elite universities actually weighed appli
27、cants race.但是这些方法并没有形成能够反映这些州族裔构成的阶级，而且许多择优录取的私立大学继续部分基于种族录取学生-但是，直到最近哈佛被迫详细介绍其内部招生政策，之前几乎没人能说清，精英大学实际上对申请人的种族是如何考虑的。Now, universities that factor race into admissions have found a powerful new opponent in the Trump administration, which argued in its filing that the court should deny Harvards reque
28、st to dismiss the case before trial.现在，在招生中考虑种族因素的大学在特朗普政府中有了一个强有力的新对手，司法部在提交的文件中称，法院应该否决哈佛在审判前驳回此案的请求。The government said Supreme Court rulings require universities considering race in admissions meet several standards. They must define their diversity-related goals and show that they cannot meet those goals without using race as a factor in admissions decisions.政府表示，最高法院的裁决要求，大学在入学时考虑种族因素，需要符合几个标准。它们必须定义与多样性相关的目标，并表明如果不将种族作为入学决策的一个因素就无法实现这些目标。第 8 页