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1、第14课时八年级下册 Units 910唐宋或更早之前，针对“经学”“律学”“算学”和“书学”各科目，其相应传授者称为“博士”，这与当今“博士”含义已经相去甚远。而对那些特别讲授“武事”或讲解“经籍”者，又称“讲师”。“教授”和“助教”均原为学官称谓。前者始于宋，乃“宗学”“律学”“医学”“武学”等科目的讲授者；而后者则于西晋武帝时代即已设立了，主要协助国子、博士培养生徒。“助教”在古代不仅要作入流的学问，其教书育人的职责也十分明晰。唐代国子学、太学等所设之“助教”一席，也是当朝打眼的学官。至明清两代，只设国子监（国子学）一科的“助教”，其身价不谓显赫，也称得上朝廷要员。至此，无论是“博士”“
2、讲师”，还是“教授”“助教”，其今日教师应具有的基本概念都具有了。 一、单项填空我国古代的读书人,从上学之日起,就日诵不辍,一般在几年内就能识记几千个汉字,熟记几百篇文章,写出的诗文也是字斟句酌,琅琅上口,成为满腹经纶的文人。为什么在现代化教学的今天,我们念了十几年书的高中毕业生甚至大学生,竟提起作文就头疼,写不出像样的文章呢?吕叔湘先生早在1978年就尖锐地提出:“中小学语文教学效果差,中学语文毕业生语文水平低,十几年上课总时数是9160课时,语文是2749课时,恰好是30%,十年的时间,二千七百多课时,用来学本国语文,却是大多数不过关,岂非咄咄怪事!”寻根究底,其主要原因就是腹中无物。特别
3、是写议论文,初中水平以上的学生都知道议论文的“三要素”是论点、论据、论证,也通晓议论文的基本结构:提出问题分析问题解决问题,但真正动起笔来就犯难了。知道“是这样”,就是讲不出“为什么”。根本原因还是无“米”下“锅”。于是便翻开作文集锦之类的书大段抄起来,抄人家的名言警句,抄人家的事例,不参考作文书就很难写出像样的文章。所以,词汇贫乏、内容空洞、千篇一律便成了中学生作文的通病。要解决这个问题,不能单在布局谋篇等写作技方面下功夫,必须认识到“死记硬背”的重要性,让学生积累足够的“米”。 1(2018江西南昌高安三模)Without the great ， Gennifer wont become
4、so confident.死记硬背是一种传统的教学方式,在我国有悠久的历史。但随着素质教育的开展,死记硬背被作为一种僵化的、阻碍学生能力发展的教学方式,渐渐为人们所摒弃;而另一方面,老师们又为提高学生的语文素养煞费苦心。其实,只要应用得当,“死记硬背”与提高学生素质并不矛盾。相反,它恰是提高学生语文水平的重要前提和基础。 Aprogress BpredictionCpollution Dprotection2(2018重庆长寿联考)As we know its difficult to live in a foreign country. if you cant understand the
5、language there.AProperly BRecentlyCUsually DEspecially3(2018江苏徐州模拟)Zhang Lei, why not eating dumplings instead of noodles?Good idea. I like dumplings.Apractise Bforget Cremember Dconsider4(2018山东济南市中一模)What are you reading, Steven?The Kite Runner. I didnt finish reading it though I have it for two w
6、eeks.Aborrowed BstartedChad Dreturned5(2019原创)Where is Bill?He Sydney with his father.Ahas gone to Bhas been toChave gone to Dhave been to6(2019原创)My mother always encourages me out my opinions.Aspeak BspeakingCto speak Dwill speak7(2019原创)I have to my room. Its really a mess.Alook after Btake inCcl
7、ear out Dwalk into8(2018河北石家庄新世纪外国语学校一模)The two schools an agreement on the problem. They will come up with a new idea to solve it.Areach Bhad reached Chave reached Dreached9(2019预测)Bell the telephone which is still being used today.Ainvented BdiscoveredCfound Dproduced10(2018河北邯郸模拟)We must firstly
8、keep ourselves when we go traveling.Asafe BseriousCsmooth Dspecial二、完形填空(2018河北邢台期末)A homeless boy used the light from a McDonalds to do his homework. The boys name is Daniel. His house burnt down and his father 1 . People often saw him and his 2 asking for food on the street, but the boy, never gav
9、e up 3 . He had no desk or no chair, 4 he kept on reading books and hoped to get some education. In such a poor family, he only read some 5 books.One evening, a university student, Joyce was walking on a street, and she 6 Daniel doing his homework, using the 7 from a McDonalds. She quickly took a 8
10、of the boy. Then she put the photo on the Internet. And people shared it many times in a short time.“Im 9 that my parents are able to send me to school. Dear students, we must value the 10 we have now. Do you think so？” Joyce said.1A.surprised Bdied Cappeared Dcheered2A.mother Bfather Cfriends Dstud
11、ents3A.singing Bpracticing Cstudying Dcrying4A.but Bor Cas Dso5A.dirty Bfamous Cfunny Dold6A.told Bwatched Clooked Dsaw7A.light Bmusic Cfood Dmoney8A.photo Bbook Clook Dtalk9A.lucky Bterrible Cquick Dtired10A.book Blight Clife Dhouse三、阅读理解A(2018山东济南高新二模)1.Which of the following was invented earliest
12、?AThe Barbie Doll. BRubiks Cube.CScrabble. DCrissCross.2How did the Barbie Doll get its name?AIt was named after the inventors daughter.BIt was named according to its shape.CIt was named after a brand.DIt was from the inventors friends.3What is a Rubiks Cube like?AIt has six sides with different col
13、ors.BIt has nine squares with the same color.CIt has nine sides with mixed colors.DIt has six squares with mixed colors.4Which of the following descriptions is NOT true?AThe Barbie Doll has more clothes now than when it was first invented.BYou need to think hard about how to put the colored squares
14、in place.CScrabble was made on the basis of CrissCross.DThe three toys were all made by an American.5What can we learn from the reading?AHow we can play with the most popular toys.BWhere we can buy the wonderful toys.CWhat the stories behind these fun toys are.DWhy these great toys are so popular.B(
15、2018黑龙江龙东中考改编)It was very late at night when an old man came to a small town. He found a small hotel and wanted to stay there for the night. After he went into his room, the owner said to his wife, “Look at his bag. 6. Lets take it away when he is asleep, shall we？” “No, no，” said the woman, “7. If
16、he cant find it, hell telephone the police.” They thought for a few minutes. Then the woman had an idea and said, “We have forgetful grass. 8. If he eats the food, he will forget to take his bag away.” The old man had the food with the forgetful grass and went to bed. The next morning, the owner got
17、 up early. He went to the old mans room and found that he had left with the bag. 9. “What a fool! Your forgetful grass isnt useful at all，” he said. “No, I dont think so. He must forget something.” she said. “Oh! 10. ” cried out the man suddenly, “He forgot to pay for the night.”根据短文内容，从短文后所给的选项中，选出
18、能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。AI remember now!BWhy not put some into his food?CHe was very sad and worried. DThere must be much money in it.EWe can invite him to have some forgetful grass and kill him. FHe will look for his bag tomorrow morning.GHe was angry and woke his wife up.四、根据句意，用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。1(20
19、18上海中考)Shirley is an early bird. It was for her to be late for school today.(usual)2(2019云南中考)All the people in the world wish to enjoy a beautiful and life.(peace)3(2018江苏徐州中考)I bought the computer because it was cheap.(simple)4(2019原创)It was that I was asked to pay twice.(believe)5(2019原创)You and
20、I must be with each other.(truth)五、将下列句子中汉语部分译成英语，注意使用适当的形式。1(2019原创)David and his son had a good time in the yesterday.(游乐场)2(2019原创)She wrote him a note weeks ago. (几个)3(2019原创)The police broke in the factory and the machine carefully. (查看)4(2019原创)We will graduate from shortly after.Please just d
21、ont forget me.(初级中学)5(2019云南中考改编)Country music brings us back to the “good old days” when people were kind to each other and trusted .(互相)六、书面表达(2019原创)提示：生活中会有美好的事， 也会有遗憾的事。请以“A Regretful Thing”为题，描述一件你经历过的遗憾的事。 要求：1.语言流畅、书写规范、卷面整洁，词数不少于60个； 2文中不得使用真实姓名、校名。A Regretful Thing参考答案一、15 ADDCA610 CCCAA二、
22、15 BACAD610 DAAAC三、15 DAADC610 DFBGA四、1.unusual2.peaceful3.simply4.unbelievable5truthful五、1.amusement park2.a couple of3.check out4junior high school5.one another六、A Regretful Thing Hellen was one of my best friends. One day I did something wrong, and we had a fight with each other. I wanted to say sorry, but I was afraid of losing face. So I didnt say anything. Last year, she went to study in another school. It is too late for me to say sorry now. I have lost a really good friend. I feel regretful about it. If I have a chance to say sorry to her one day, I will never miss it again. 第 7 页