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1、第11课时八年级(下)Units 12“师”之概念，大体是从先秦时期的“师长、师傅、先生”而来。其中“师傅”更早则意指春秋时国君的老师。说文解字中有注曰：“师教人以道者之称也”。“师”之含义，现在泛指从事教育工作或是传授知识技术也或是某方面有特长值得学习者。“老师”的原意并非由“老”而形容“师”。“老”在旧语义中也是一种尊称，隐喻年长且学识渊博者。“老”“师”连用最初见于史记，有“荀卿最为老师”之说法。慢慢“老师”之说也不再有年龄的限制，老少皆可适用。只是司马迁笔下的“老师”当然不是今日意义上的“教师”，其只是“老”和“师”的复合构词，所表达的含义多指对知识渊博者的一种尊称，虽能从其身上学以“
2、道”，但其不一定是知识的传播者。今天看来，“教师”的必要条件不光是拥有知识，更重于传播知识。 一、单项选择“教书先生”恐怕是市井百姓最为熟悉的一种称呼，从最初的门馆、私塾到晚清的学堂，“教书先生”那一行当怎么说也算是让国人景仰甚或敬畏的一种社会职业。只是更早的“先生”概念并非源于教书，最初出现的“先生”一词也并非有传授知识那般的含义。孟子中的“先生何为出此言也？”；论语中的“有酒食，先生馔”；国策中的“先生坐，何至于此？”等等，均指“先生”为父兄或有学问、有德行的长辈。其实国策中本身就有“先生长者，有德之称”的说法。可见“先生”之原意非真正的“教师”之意，倒是与当今“先生”的称呼更接近。看来，
3、“先生”之本源含义在于礼貌和尊称，并非具学问者的专称。称“老师”为“先生”的记载，首见于礼记?曲礼，有“从于先生，不越礼而与人言”，其中之“先生”意为“年长、资深之传授知识者”，与教师、老师之意基本一致。1.(2018江苏苏州)Do you know ?“师”之概念，大体是从先秦时期的“师长、师傅、先生”而来。其中“师傅”更早则意指春秋时国君的老师。说文解字中有注曰：“师教人以道者之称也”。“师”之含义，现在泛指从事教育工作或是传授知识技术也或是某方面有特长值得学习者。“老师”的原意并非由“老”而形容“师”。“老”在旧语义中也是一种尊称，隐喻年长且学识渊博者。“老”“师”连用最初见于史记，有“
4、荀卿最为老师”之说法。慢慢“老师”之说也不再有年龄的限制，老少皆可适用。只是司马迁笔下的“老师”当然不是今日意义上的“教师”，其只是“老”和“师”的复合构词，所表达的含义多指对知识渊博者的一种尊称，虽能从其身上学以“道”，但其不一定是知识的传播者。今天看来，“教师”的必要条件不光是拥有知识，更重于传播知识。 We can try to produce less waste, reuse or recycle things.A.why can we live a green lifeB.how can we live a green lifeC.why we can live a green l
5、ifeD.how we can live a green life2.(2018湖北黄冈)Must I finish reading the book today, Mr. Brown?No, you . You can finish it in two days.A.needntB.mustntC.cantD.couldnt3.(2018湖北武汉)How is the young man?A.Hes twentyB.Hes much betterC.Hes a doctorD.Hes Mr. Smith4.(2018河南郑州外国语中学一模)Dont attempt it again.Im a
6、fraid you will fail.The only thing thatis not whether I fail or not,but whether I try or not.A.caresB.mindsC.mattersD.considers5.(2018河南郑州外国语中学一模)To my pleasure,my family always standsmy side whatever I decide to do.A.aboveB.byC.fromD.through6.(原创)?I have a headache.A.Whats the matterB.Where are you
7、C.What are you doingD.Whats the wrong7.(原创)Its wrong to ads everywhere in the street.A.put offB.put on C.put upD.put out8.(原创)She stayed at home and she felt very .A.lonely;lonelyB.alone;aloneC.lonely;aloneD.alone;lonely9.(原创)Smoking is bad for your health.You should.A.give up itB.give up themC.give
8、 it upD.give them up10.The car was out of and hit a tree by the road.A.dangerB.breathC.controlD.practice11.When I walked past the park, I saw a big black cat under a tree.A.to lieB.layC.lyingD.are lying12.Im sorry I my exercise book at home this morning.It doesnt matter. Dont forget it here this aft
9、ernoon.A.left;to takeB.forgot;bringingC.left;to bringD.forgot;to bring13.I am a league member.I volunteer others.A.helpB.to helpC.helpingD.helped14.The heavy snow didnt the international (国际的) airlines. A.pay attention toB.add to C.keep to D.make a difference to15.How do you go to school?Ito school
10、by bike. But its winter now. I take the bus to school.A.used to goB.used to goingC.was used to goD.am used to go二、完形填空(2018河南开封一模)Several years ago,I was at a train station in Amsterdam.I saw a young homeless man1 people for money so he could buy breakfast.Most of the2simply took no notice of the yo
11、ung man or gave him a dirty look.There was one exception,thoughan older,well-dressed lady.When the young homeless man moved3this lady,she turned and looked straight into his eyes and4asked,“How much do you need?”I couldnt hear what the young man said but watched5the old woman pulled several bills fr
12、om her wallet and6them in the young mans hands.I dont know whether the young man actually used this money for breakfast or for some other purposes. What I do know is that I saw two completely different reactions(反应)to the same7.I saw people who were either afraid or annoyed or distrustful.And then I
13、 saw this old lady who8the homeless man as her brother.I decided then and there that,even though we have to be9in this world,I would rather be like her.Every day may bring us many chances for10.The key is to do it or not. 1.A.askingB.callingC.avoidingD.leading2.A.guestsB.reportersC.neighborsD.travel
14、ers3.A.fromB.afterC.beforeD.over4.A.softlyB.sadlyC.loudlyD.hopefully5.A.becauseB.unlessC.asD.although6.A.checkedB.putC.coveredD.threw7.A.actionB.surveyC.situationD.program8.A.orderedB.treatedC.requiredD.doubted9.A.famousB.creativeC.carefulD.successful10.A.richnessB.happinessC.carelessnessD.kindness三
15、、阅读理解(2019河南商丘一模)Barry is having a very difficult time in his life.His wife recently passed away.He is very sad.Barrys neighbor,a very old woman named Gertrude,sees him from her yard one day.She has not seen him outside in days!“Hello,Barry!Just look at this fence(篱笆).It is broken.You are a strong m
16、an,and you have some free time.I want you to fix this fence for me.”Gertrude says.Barry is angry.He thinks the old lady only considers herself and she is very selfish.Still,he knows she is a nice woman,and he respects her.He agrees to help her.Barry works for days.Gertrude brings him orange juice wh
17、ile he works.When he finishes,he smiles for the first time in months.“You did such a wonderful job.Do you think you could paint it for me?”Gertrude smiles at him.Barry cannot believe his ears.Doesnt she know how sad he is?But because he respects her so much,Barry agrees to help her again. He works h
18、ard in the hot sun,but Gertrudes juice and encouragement are wonderful.He feels proud of the beautiful fence he is making.Over the next few weeks,Gertrude keeps giving Barry jobs.He even repairs her door.All the neighbors tell Barry that he has done a beautiful job.He finally realizes that she has n
19、ever been impolite.She is really very wise.He knows that simply getting busy doing something can take sorrow away.He helps her,but she truly saves him.1.Why does Barry agree to help Gertrude to fix the fence?A.Because he thinks Gertrude is too old.B.Because he has some free time.C.Because he is stro
20、ng enough.D.Because he respects her.2.What does Gertrude bring Barry while he is working?A.Cakes.B.Coca Cola.C.Orange juice.D.Ice cream.3.Barry does a lot for Gertrude,but he doesnt for her.A.repair the doorB.fix the fenceC.paint the fenceD.buy paint4.What does the underlined word “sorrow” mean in C
21、hinese?A.愤怒B.遗憾C.悲伤D.喜悦5.From the text,we can learn that Gertrude is.A.selfish and impoliteB.kind but impoliteC.nice and wiseD.friendly but selfish四、任务型阅读(2019北京)阅读短文,根据短文内容,从短文后的五个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。每个选项只能用一次。From the Other SideLara and Tara are twins. 1, but they are very different in everything els
22、e. For example, hot food is Laras favorite, and Tara has a sweet choice.However, this isnt the problem with the twin girls. They always argued that the opposite one was wrong. 2, while Tara insisted that mornings were fresh and it was difficult to stay up till midnight.3. To put an end to their figh
23、ts, their parents decided to create a small drama. They wanted the girls to understand that they were both correct from their own point of view. Their parents covered the girls eyes with black ribbons, and brought them to the dining room. 4. Lara was asked to stand on one side of the board and Tara
24、on the other. They couldnt see the other side of it. When the ribbons were taken away, they were surprised to see a huge board between them.Now, their father asked Lara, “Whats the color of the board?” She replied, “Its black!”5. She replied, “Its white!”The two girls began to argue again. While Lar
25、a was confident it was black, Tara was sure it was white. Then, they were asked to exchange(交换)their places. They couldnt believe their eyes. Tara, who insisted it was a white board, saw a black one. Similarly, Lara, who argued the board was black, was shocked to see a white one. They understood tha
26、t each of them was right in her own view.Most of us are like Lara and Tara. We are right most times, but insist that others are wrong!A.They look like each otherB.For years, their arguments continuedC.Their mother asked Tara the same questionD.In the room, a big board was placed in the middleE.Lara
27、thought it was terrible to get up early in the morning1.2.3.4.5.五、词语运用(2018河南平顶山二模)阅读短文,从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词,每词限用一次。方框中有两个词是多余的。sitthoughbuthelphearwatchgivesurprisehegoodinon Once upon a time,there was a farmer who worked very hard and he built a big barn.One day,he lost his watch1
28、the barn accidentally.2the watch was very cheap,it was very important to him because it was a present from3dead father.He began to search the barn here and there for a long time,and he failed,so he gave up and asked for4from a group of children playing nearby.He promised them that the person who fou
29、nd the watch would be rewarded.After5this,the children hurried inside the barn at once.They searched everywhere but still could not find the6.The farmer was so sad that he wanted to give up;at this time,a little boy went up to him and asked to be7another chance.The farmer looked at him for a short t
30、ime and thought that the boy looked honest, so he agreed. The farmer thought the boy couldnt find the watch,either.To the farmers8,a moment later after the boy entered the barn, the little boy came out with the watch in his hand!The surprised farmer was very excited and asked the boy how he succeede
31、d while the rest had failed.The boy replied to him that he did nothing but9 quietly,listened for the sound of the watch ,and then he went up to the place where the sound was made.This shows us that sometimes a peaceful mind can think10 than an excited one, just like one saying “a brute force without
32、 wisdom is worthless”.No matter what we study,we should think more to find the best way to learn it.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.六、补全对话根据下面的对话情景,在每个空白处填上一个适当的句子,使对话的意思连贯、完整。A:Whose English dictionary is this?B:1. Look!Heres his name on it. Lets go and find him.A:Im afraid he doesnt come to school today.B:2.
33、?A:He was hurt by a drunk driver on the way to school and now he is in hospital.B:3. From his lesson, we get to know the importance of self-protection. Do you think so?A:Yes. Its necessary for school students to keep safe. 4.?Hell be happy to see us.B:OK. 5.?A:At 5 oclock this afternoon outside the
34、school gate.B:OK. See you.A:See you.七、书面表达(2019山东潍坊)每个人的生命只有一次,你平安、健康、快乐地长大是父母最大的心愿,你保护好生命是对父母最好的报答。请你以“How to protect our lives”为题,从安全和健康的角度入手,写一篇如何珍惜和保护我们生命的短文。要求:1.100120词左右。2.文中不要出现本人真实信息。3.根据提示词每个角度至少选择三个方面来写,也可适当发挥。提示词:traffic accident, fight,drown溺水,fire,electricity, food,exercise,sleep,inter
35、net,smoking,drugs,happiness.How to protect our lives_答案精解精析一、1.D句意:你知道我们怎么能过绿色生活吗?我们可以努力少产生一点废料,重复使用或回收再利用一些东西。本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句应用陈述句语序,排除A、B两项。根据句意可知,本题是对如何过绿色生活提问。故选D项。2.A句意:布朗先生,我必须今天读完这本书吗?不,你不必。你可以在两天内完成它。本题考查情态动词。以情态动词must开头的一般疑问句,其否定回答应用neednt或者dont have to。由此可知本题选择A。易错警示按照用什么提问,就用什么回答的原则,本题易错选B。
36、注意情态动词的几种特殊情况:May I.?No, you mustnt/cant.Must I.? No, you neednt/dont have to.Could I.?Yes, you can.3.B上句句意:这个年轻人身体怎么样?本题考查情景交际。用Hes much better.回答对某人的身体情况的提问,由此可知本题选择B。知识拓展(1)How is he?的其他常见答语为:He is fine/very well.(2)其他三个选项的提问方式为:询问年龄:How old is he?询问职业:What is he?/What is his job?/What does he do
37、?询问人:Who is he?4.C句意:不要再尝试了。恐怕你将会失败。唯一重要的事不是你是否会失败而是你是否去尝试。care关心;mind介意;matter要紧;consider 考虑,根据句意可知答案为C。5.B句意:使我高兴的是,无论我决定做什么我的家人总是站在我身边支持我。本题考查介词。stand by ones side支持某人,根据句意可知答案为B项。6.A7.C8.D9.C10.C11.C12.C13.B14.D15.A二、语篇解读本文是篇记叙文,讲述了作者在火车站见到一位老太太帮助一位无家可归的年轻人的经过,特别是她的与众不同对作者影响很大。1.Aask sb.for sth.
38、向某人要某物,根据句意可知是指看到一位年轻的无家可归的男人向人要钱买早餐,故答案为A项。2.Dguest顾客;reporter记者;neighbor邻居;traveler游客,由前文可知事情发生在train station(火车站),故答案为D项。3.B考查介词。from从起;after在之后;before在之前;over在上方,由下文中的she turned可知这个年轻人在这个老太太身后走。故答案为B项。4.A考查副词。softly轻柔地;sadly悲伤地;loudly大声地;hopefully充满希望地,根据下文内容可知这位老太太对待这个年轻人的态度十分温柔,故答案为A项。5.C句意:我听
39、不到年轻人说什么只看着当这位老太太从她的钱包里抽出几张钞票然后放到年轻人的手里。as当时候,连词,根据句意可知答案为C项。6.Bput.in.把放入,根据句意可知答案为B项。7.C考查名词。action行动;survey调查;situation情形;program节目,根据上下文可知是把老太太对年轻人的态度与其他人进行比较。故答案为C项。8.Btreat.as.把当作,根据句意可知答案为B项。9.C考查形容词。famous出名的;creative有创造力的;careful小心的;successful成功的,根据句意可知是作者的感悟:尽管在这个世界上我们不得不小心,但我宁愿要像她那样。故答案为C
40、项。10.Dkindness名词,“善良”,根据句意可知答案为D项。三、1.D2.C3.D4.C5.C四、语篇解读本文通过一对双胞胎姐妹互不谦让的故事引导考生学会换位思考。1.A根据后面的but可知,后面说她们的不同,那么此处就是她们的相同点。故选A。2.E根据后面的while可知前后为对比关系,后面说Tara的观点,那么此处就是Lara的观点。故选E。3.B根据后一句可知,为了结束她们的争吵,父母采取了措施。所以此处应该是她们进行了多年的争吵。故选B。4.D空前提及了父母把她们带到了一个屋子,后文提到她们看到了一个巨大的板子,故选D。5.C根据后文的replied可知选C。五、语篇解读本文是
41、篇记叙文,讲述了一个农民因在谷仓里丢了块手表而找人帮助寻找的经过,最后一个小男孩找到了并说了自己找到的方法,让人回味且深思。1.inin the barn在谷仓里,根据句意可知是把手表丢在了谷仓里。2.Though句意:尽管手表很便宜,但对他来说很重要,因为是他去世的父亲给他的礼物。though尽管。3.his由句意及设空后的名词father可知应用形容词性物主代词his。4.helpask for help请求帮助。5.hearing由前后文可知,是指听到这个可以被奖励的机会后他们马上进入谷仓。after介词,故答案为hear的动名词形式hearing。6.watch句意:他们到处都找了但仍
42、没找到手表。故答案为watch。7.given根据句意可知,一个小男孩走过来请求再给他一次机会。give sb.a chance给某人一次机会,主语a little boy和give之间是被动关系,故用given。8.surpriseto ones surprise使某人吃惊的是。9.sit句意:这个男孩回答说他什么也没做只是安静地坐着。故答案为sit。10.better由设空处后的than可知应用比较级,又根据句意可知应为good的比较级better。六、1.It must belong to Mike2.What happened to him/Whats wrong with him.3
43、.Im sorry to hear that4.Why not go to see him together/What about going to see him together5.When and where shall we meet七、写作提示这是一篇说明文,从安全和健康的角度入手,写如何珍惜和保护我们的生命。以第一人称为主,主体时态为一般现在时。注意根据提示词每个角度至少选择三个方面来写。参考范文How to protect our livesEveryone has only one life. It is our parents best wishes to see us gr
44、ow up safely and healthily. In addition, we should treasure our lives. How to protect our lives?Firstly, now there are more and more cars, so when we walk on the road, we must obey the traffic rules, especially at the traffic lights. At school, we should get on well with our classmates. Dont fight w
45、ith them, or well be hurt. Stay away from the dangerous places.Secondly, in my opinion, we should eat healthy food instead of junk food. Wed better have enough sleep and do exercise every day. We must refuse drugs as well as smoking. Besides, we are supposed to control the time of playing computer games. Remember, happiness is the most important thing. So smile every day! Be happy every day!In a word, we must try our best to protect and value our lives!第 8 页