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1、高中英语情态动词详解我国古代的读书人,从上学之日起,就日诵不辍,一般在几年内就能识记几千个汉字,熟记几百篇文章,写出的诗文也是字斟句酌,琅琅上口,成为满腹经纶的文人。为什么在现代化教学的今天,我们念了十几年书的高中毕业生甚至大学生,竟提起作文就头疼,写不出像样的文章呢?吕叔湘先生早在1978年就尖锐地提出:“中小学语文教学效果差,中学语文毕业生语文水平低,十几年上课总时数是9160课时,语文是2749课时,恰好是30%,十年的时间,二千七百多课时,用来学本国语文,却是大多数不过关,岂非咄咄怪事!”寻根究底,其主要原因就是腹中无物。特别是写议论文,初中水平以上的学生都知道议论文的“三要素”是论点
2、、论据、论证,也通晓议论文的基本结构:提出问题分析问题解决问题,但真正动起笔来就犯难了。知道“是这样”,就是讲不出“为什么”。根本原因还是无“米”下“锅”。于是便翻开作文集锦之类的书大段抄起来,抄人家的名言警句,抄人家的事例,不参考作文书就很难写出像样的文章。所以,词汇贫乏、内容空洞、千篇一律便成了中学生作文的通病。要解决这个问题,不能单在布局谋篇等写作技方面下功夫,必须认识到“死记硬背”的重要性,让学生积累足够的“米”。 1. 表示请求和允许: can, could , may, might. 过去式使语气更委婉，答语应用原形。唐宋或更早之前，针对“经学”“律学”“算学”和“书学”各科目，其
3、相应传授者称为“博士”，这与当今“博士”含义已经相去甚远。而对那些特别讲授“武事”或讲解“经籍”者，又称“讲师”。“教授”和“助教”均原为学官称谓。前者始于宋，乃“宗学”“律学”“医学”“武学”等科目的讲授者；而后者则于西晋武帝时代即已设立了，主要协助国子、博士培养生徒。“助教”在古代不仅要作入流的学问，其教书育人的职责也十分明晰。唐代国子学、太学等所设之“助教”一席，也是当朝打眼的学官。至明清两代，只设国子监（国子学）一科的“助教”，其身价不谓显赫，也称得上朝廷要员。至此，无论是“博士”“讲师”，还是“教授”“助教”，其今日教师应具有的基本概念都具有了。 - Could I use your
4、 computer tomorrow morning?教师范读的是阅读教学中不可缺少的部分，我常采用范读，让幼儿学习、模仿。如领读，我读一句，让幼儿读一句，边读边记；第二通读，我大声读，我大声读，幼儿小声读，边学边仿；第三赏读，我借用录好配朗读磁带，一边放录音，一边幼儿反复倾听，在反复倾听中体验、品味。 - Yes, you can.( 否定回答可用：No, Im afraid not.)2表示推测：理论可能性can可能性肯定句must, may ,might, could疑问句can否定句cant (不可能)，may not (可能不)1)can表示理论上的可能性，指某事或情况可能发生，但并
5、不说明实际上真的发生. Children can be very tiring.2)对现在事情的推测： 情态动词+do对过去事情的推测： 情态动词+have done对已完成事情的推测：情态动词+have done3)反意问句：He may know the plan, doesnt he?You must have studied English before, havent you?You can t have been caught in the rain last night, were you?3can & be able to在肯定句中can表示有“能力”做，be able to表
6、示通过想办法/努力等而能够做成了某一件事， 相当于managed to do或succeeded in doing sth. Birds can fly.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out.4. may / might as well do sth “还是好”、“不妨”You might as well tell me the truth. 你还是把真相告诉我的好。5. must和have to 1) must表示的是说话人的主观看法, 而have to强调客观需要。2）
7、否定形式含义不同。mustnt禁止，不许可，dont have to不必3) must 偏要（做令人不快的事）eg. Must you shout so loudly?6. shall和should1)表示说话人征求对方意见和向对方请示，用于第一、三人称。 When shall my father be able to leave hospital?Shall 2) 用于第一、三人称2) 用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁以及说话人的决心。You shall go with me (命令) / You shall have the book when I finish
8、it.33（允诺）He shall be punished （威胁）/ Nothing shall stop me from doing it. (决心)3) 规定（在条约、规则、法律）1) 表示劝告和建议“应该”2) “按道理应当”“估计”(=ought to)They should be there by now, I think.3） 用于第一人称表示说话人的一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气。I should advise you not do that.我倒是劝你别这样做。4） 在条件句中表示“万一”，主句不一定用虚拟语气。Ask Tom to ring me up if you shoul
9、d see him. /Should I be free tomorrow, Ill come.5） （Why / How + ）should 结构表示说话人对某事不能理解，感到意外、惊异等意思， 意为“竟然”，也用在某些从句中。It seems so unfair that this should happen to me.这种事竟然发生在我身上真不公平。7. will 和would1) 表示意志和意愿。will 指现在，would指过去。If you will listen to me, Ill give you some advice.2) 表示请求、建议，would比will委婉、客气
10、。Will (Would ) you please pass me the book?3) 表示习惯性动作，“总是”“惯于”，will指现在，would指过去。Fish will die without water.Every evening, she would sit by the window, deep in thought.4). 表示功能， 意为“能” 或“行” The machine wont work.5) 表示预料或猜想。It would be about ten when he left home.猜想他离开家时大约十点。8. would & used to1) 表示过去持
11、续的状态和情况用used to; would不与表示状态的动词连用。There used to be a hospital here. / There would be a hospital here.( )2) would 常与often, sometimes, for hours等表示时间的副词（短语）连用。We would sit in the yard every evening and listened to his story.3) used to 强调过去的行为同现在的对比，含有“过去怎样，而现在却不这样了”的含义. eg. He will not spend the money
12、 on books as he used to.9. dare 和need两者作为情态动词都不用于肯定句，常用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句中。习惯用语I dare say（可能，或许，我揣测）除外。实义动词用法同于一般动词。但在否定句中，dare 后的to可省略，即：dont / doesnt dare (to ) do. need 作为实义动词时，用在否定句中时，其后的to不能省略。He dare go there alone. ( ) He dares to go there.He dares not go there alone. ( ) He dare not go there alon
13、e . / He doesnt dare ( to ) go there alone.He stood there without daring lift his head.() He stood there without daring to lift his head.10情态动词+ have done,表示过去 比较： 情态动词+ do , 表示现在或将来。neednt have done & didnt need to doShe need not have come yesterday. 她昨天本不必要来的。（但却来了）She didnt need to come yesterday
14、. 她昨天不必来。（实际上也没来）【各个击破】1. I lived with my sister this summer and didnt have to pay rent. So I _save my salary. A. could B. would C. was able to D. should2. - Look , Johns fallen asleep.- Oh, he _ too late last night.A. might sit up b. should have sat up c. could sit up D. must have sat up3. On Sunda
15、ys when I was a child , Father and I _ get up early and go fishing. A. could B. would C. might D. should4. - Many people in England love to give advice on weather reporting.- Yes, but I think the weather offices computers _ be more accurate. (精确的) A. can B. must C. ought to D. might5. - Are you stil
16、l going to Shanghai for the Spring Festival?- Yes, but I really _ because I have a lot of things to deal with. A. cant B. mustnt C. wont D. shouldnt6. Well, I forgot to bring my dictionary here yesterday.- Actually you _ it here. You were not allowed to use it.A. neednt bring B. neednt have broughtC
17、. didnt need to bring D. dont have to bring7. - Shall I book the table for the dinner? -Yes, you_. The restaurant is always full of people. A. can B. will C. must d. need8. The poor boy _ the test again; in that case, his mother will be very disappointed.A. must have failed B. might fail C. could ha
18、ve failed D. should fail9. - Why _ it rain now? I _ go to the concert at 7.- What a pity!A. can; might not B. should; neednt C. must; cant D. need; mustnt10. - We need some fresh air, but the window open.- _I help you ?A. didnt; Will B. shant; Need C. mustnt ; May D. wont; Shall11. - What do you thi
19、nk of your nephew?- He be very naughty but at the same time you _ help liking him.A. will; will B. wont ; cant C. may; may D. can; cant12. It was not possible that she_ go down, step by step down the unexpected stairs into the dark below.A. should dare B. should dare to C. must dare D. must dare to1
20、3. - I am told that John had another car accident this morning.- I believe not. He _ so careless.A. shouldnt have been B. wouldnt have beenC. couldnt have been D. mustnt have been14. -You ought to have given them some advice.-_, but who cared what I said?A. So I ought B. So ought I C. So I did D. So
21、 did I15 -Write to me when you get home.-_.A.I must B. I should C. I will D. I can16. Shut your mouth. Nothing _ stop me once I have made up my mind. A. will B. ought to C. shall D. must17. Keep up a good state of mind even if you _fail plenty of times. A. must B. will C. can D. should18. The policeman told the pupils. “You _ play football in the street.” A. cant B. neednt C. mustnt D. shouldnt19. If you _ wait a moment, I will go and find our manager. A. can B. should C. will D. must20. Dont believe him. His story _ be true.A. mustnt B. neednt C. shouldnt D. may not第 4 页