《[农业]小黑麦论文：玉米花粉诱导小黑麦单倍体技术建立及单倍体诱导率遗传规律分析.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《[农业]小黑麦论文：玉米花粉诱导小黑麦单倍体技术建立及单倍体诱导率遗传规律分析.doc（8页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、 小黑麦论文：玉米花粉诱导小黑麦单倍体技术建立及单倍体诱导率遗传规律分析【中文摘要】单倍体育种是加速育种进程、提高育种效率的有力手段之一。传统的单倍体育种技术多是采用花药或花粉培养的手段获得单倍体植株,继而通过染色体加倍技术获得纯合、稳定的加倍单体材料。但因花药或花粉培养过程较为复杂,且培养过程中易产生无性变异,因而制约了其大规模应用。而利用玉米花粉诱导小麦产生单倍体进而加倍培育双单倍体,因其技术简便可行,其应用逐渐增多。本研究拟探讨建立玉米花粉诱导小黑麦单倍体技术,并对其单倍体诱导率的遗传规律进行研究,旨在为小黑麦育种提供一种方便高效的育种技术提供理论依据。本文选用了不同基因型的春性小黑麦材
2、料以及15个冬性小黑麦材料,分别采用四种不同的诱导方式,即玉米花粉诱导与化学诱导剂协同处理(玉米花粉诱导与二甲基亚砜40m1/L、秋水仙素4g/L、肌醇100mg/L、吲哚乙酸20mg/L和2,4-D 20mg/L刺激相结合)、单纯化学诱导剂处理(二甲基亚砜40m1/L、秋水仙素4g/L、肌醇100mg/L、吲哚乙酸20mg/L和2,4-D 20mg/L处理)、玉米花粉诱导与激素刺激相结合(玉米花粉诱导后经100mg/L 2,4-D与30 m1/L DMSO处理)和单纯激素刺激(仅用100mg/L 2,4-D+30ml/L DMSO处理),并对不同的单倍体胚拯救培养基、不同玉米基因型以及不同小
3、黑麦基因型对小黑麦单倍体得胚率影响等进行分析,并以12个得胚率差异较大的春小黑麦基因型为材料,配置了66完全双列杂交,对其亲本及F1后代的得胚率的遗传力、遗传相关、配合力及后代的杂种优势进行了分析,为建立玉米诱导小黑麦单倍体技术及其遗传规律进行探索奠定了基础。主要研究结果如下：1.在供试的四种诱导方式中,其单倍体得胚率以玉米花粉授粉后再以100mg/L2,4-D与30ml/LDMSO处理为最高(6.65%),在玉米花粉授粉后再经二甲基亚砜40ml/L、秋水仙素4g/L、肌醇100mg/L、吲哚乙酸20mg/L和2,4-D 20mg/L协同处理的效果次之(4.42%)。2.不同基因型冬小黑麦经玉
4、米花粉诱导与激素处理后均能产生小黑麦单倍体胚,但不同小黑麦基因型的得胚率存在差异,其中得胚率最高基因型的颖果率可达39.80%,而其最低基因型的得胚率仅为1.37%。除小黑麦基因型的影响外,不同玉米类型的花粉诱导效率也存在差异,其中以爆裂玉米花粉诱导效率最高(4.71%),其次为普通玉米(2.94%),甜玉米花粉的诱导效果最差(1.76%)。3.诱导所形成的单倍体胚在改良1/2MS和B5培养基上进行胚拯救时,尽管两种培养基整体上在不同基因型的单倍体胚成苗率间未检测到显著差异,但不同小黑麦基因型的单倍体胚拯救效率在两种培养基间还存在差异,可见不同基因型小黑麦单倍体胚应选择不同类型最适拯救培养基。
5、4.小黑麦单倍体诱导效果的遗传效应分析表明,各单倍体诱导性状均符合加性-显性遗传模型,且多数性状表现部分显性,其中得胚率的遗传以基因加性效应为主,颖果率、颖果得胚率以及出苗率的遗传同时受基因加性效应和显性效应的影响。诱导率的杂种优势较强,且亲本遗传力较高,可以根据亲本的配合力高低来选择优良F1代进行杂交实验。本研究建立了玉米花粉诱导小黑麦单倍体育种技术；初步明确了玉米花粉诱导小黑麦产生单倍体的遗传规律。该研究将对指导小黑麦单倍体育种技术提供了坚实的理论依据。【英文摘要】Haploid breeding is a powerful tool to enhance breeding process
6、 and improve breeding efficiency. And anther or pollen culture is mainly applied in traditional haploid breeding. However, the complex process and higher frequency of colonel variation make anther or pollen culture quite difficult in large scales application. It is simple and feasible to obtain whea
7、t haploid induced by maize pollen. The present study is aimed to establish the technology of triticale haploid induced by maize pollen, and understand genetic of haploid induction rate. This study will provide some theoretical basiss for an efficient triticale breeding technology.Some winter and spr
8、ing triticale genotypes were induced by four methods, A:maize pollen and chemicals (induced by maize pollen and sprayed with DMSO 40ml/L, COL 4g/L, Inositol 100mg/L, IAA 20mg/L and 2,4-D 20mg/L); B:chemicals (DMSO 40ml/L, COL 4g/L, Inositol 100mg/L, IAA 20mg/L and 2,4-D 20mg/L); C:maize pollen and h
9、ormone (induced by maize pollen, then sprayed with 100mg/L 2, 4-D and 30ml/L DMSO); D:hormone only (100mg/L 2,4-D and 30ml/L DMSO). The effects of haploid embryos rescuing medium, maize genotype and triticale genotype on haploid embryo induction were also studied to establish the technology of induc
10、ing triticale haploid by maize pollen. Through the complete 66 diallel crossing between 6 triticale varieties with different haploid embryo frequency, the combination ability, genetic effect, heterosis of haploid embryo frequencies of parents heritability and genetic correlation of F1 offspring were
11、 analyzed.The main results were as follows:1. Induction by maize pollen and hormone is the best means among the four methods to induce triticale haploid embryo for 6.65% haploid embryos, which is higher than the other 3 methods in this experiment.2. Haploid embryo could be induced by maize pollen an
12、d chemicals in most triticale genotypes. However, the triticale haploid induction rates varied among different genotypes. The triticale genotype 07H261-62/NTH2146-2 is the best one with higher induction rate haploid embryo. The induction rates of haploid embryo differentiate significantly among diff
13、erent types of maize too, and waxy corn is the best one among the three maize types tested in the experiment.3. There is no significant difference on 1/2 MS and modified B5 mediums when rescuing haploid embryos in general. However, some triticale genotype prefers one of the two mediums. So different
14、 triticale genotypes should be supplied with different embryo rescue medium in the experiment.4. Frequencies of haploid embryo mainly inherited with additive effect based on analysis of genetic effect of triticale haploid embryo formation, and the additive dominant genetic model was suitable for all
15、 parameters tested in the experiment. Frequencies of caryopsis, embryo of caryopsis and germination inherited with additive and dominative effect. The induction rate of haploid embryo has a stronger heterosis and higher heritability, which supply some theory basis for selecting F1 combinations with
16、higher induction rate in the triticale haploid breeding.The study establish the technology of triticale haploid breeding by induction with maize pollen, and supply a understand of its quantitative inherited characteristics of induction rates. The results will give some theoretical direction for trit
17、icale breeding.【关键词】小黑麦 玉米花粉 单倍体 遗传规律【英文关键词】triticale maize pollen hybridization DH (double haploid) Genetic analyze【目录】玉米花粉诱导小黑麦单倍体技术建立及单倍体诱导率遗传规律分析摘要5-6ABSTRACT6引言10-13第一章 文献综述13-201.1 植物单倍体的研究进展13-141.2 玉米花粉诱导小麦单倍体胚的产生14-171.2.1 亲本的选配14-151.2.2 亲本种植方式及花期调节151.2.3 不同的去雄技术对单倍体胚产生的影响15-161.2.4 授粉的坏境
18、条件对产生单倍体胚的影响161.2.5 激素处理及激素处理方式对产生单倍体胚的影响16-171.3 单倍体植株的获得171.4 DH植株的获得17-181.5 DH植株的应用181.6 玉米花粉诱导小麦产生单倍体遗传模式分析18-20第二章 玉米花粉诱导小黑麦单倍体的研究20-322.1 材料与方法20-232.1.1 供试材料20-212.1.2 实验方法21-232.2 结果分析23-292.2.1 小黑麦单倍体胚的产生23-252.2.2 小黑麦单倍体植株的产生25-262.2.3 小黑麦双单倍体植株的产生26-292.3 讨论29-322.3.1 不同诱导方式对玉米花粉诱导小黑麦产生单
19、倍体的影响292.3.2 不同的亲本基因型对玉米花粉诱导小黑麦产生单倍体的影响29-302.3.3 培养基对玉米诱导小黑麦产生单倍体植株的影响302.3.4 不同的染色体加倍技术对产生小黑麦双单倍体植株率的影响30-312.3.5 小黑麦单倍体的倍性鉴定312.3.6. 提高小黑麦单倍体植株分蘖率的研究31-32第三章 小黑麦单倍体诱导率遗传规律分析32-423.1 材料与方法32-333.1.1 供试材料32-333.1.2 试验方法333.2 结果与分析33-393.2.1 配合力方差分析33-343.2.2 一般配合力(GCA)效应值分析343.2.3 特殊配合力(SCA)效应值分析34
20、-353.2.5 诱导率各性状的方差分量35-373.2.5 小黑麦各诱导率参数之间的相关性分析373.2.6 小黑麦各诱导率参数的遗传力分析37-393.2.7 诱导率相关性状的杂种优势的分析393.3 讨论39-423.3.1 亲本配合力的遗传模式分析39-403.3.2 诱导率遗传的方差分析403.3.3 小黑麦各诱导率参数之间的相关性分析及遗传力分析40-413.3.4 诱导率各参数的杂种优势分析41-42第四章 本研究的应用前景及展望42-454.1 小黑麦与玉米杂交的困难与不足424.2 玉米花粉诱导小黑麦单倍体技术的发展前景42-45参考文献45-50附图50-52致谢52-53作者简介53-54导师评阅表54