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1、初三英语总复习 专题训练十 阅读理解一、知识点分析：阅读理解题是各地中考的必考题型，是中考试卷中分值最大的一类题，并且分值仍有不断提高的趋势。试题中所选的阅读文章题材广泛，涉及政治经济、社会文化、风俗习惯、历史地理、科学技术等各个方面。体裁多样，包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文以及新闻报道、广告、通知、操作说明、表格等各种文体。阅读理解的主要题型有：符合我们三明中考题型的有选择型阅读理解、图表阅读理解及任务型阅读理解三大类。中考阅读理解考查的主要内容是：1考查把握文章的事实和细节的能力。2考查依据短文内容和考生应有的常识进行推理和判断的能力。3考查根据上下文猜测生词含义的能力。4考查归纳所读
2、材料的主旨和大意的能力。5考查推断作者意图和态度的能力 。阅读理解主要包括以下几种主要类型的文章1人物故事阅读故事类的材料，应该抓住人物线索、地点线索、时间线索和情节发展线索。特别注意的是，以上线索往往是并存的。因为情节的发展总是涉及到人物的变化、时间的推移、场景的变换等。命题人往往会围绕这些内容设计一些事实类的理解题。事实类的理解题都可以从阅读材料的表层文字中找到答案。在阅读故事类短文时，应理解文章的深层含义，也就是它的主题。2科普知识这里所指的科普类是广义的。它包含有介绍科学知识、社会知识的短文。阅读这类短文时，要以事实为中心进行思考，抓住事物的特征、用途、相互关系等。3新闻报道报刊阅读应
3、逐步成为中学生阅读的一个重要内容。由于新闻报道强调遵循5个W(what，who，why，when，where)和1个H(how)，所以，我们在阅读时也要抓住这一点去理解。4图文广告、应用文体这类短文是通过看图或表格等来了解某方面的情况。指导学生阅读这类材料时，主要从两方面入手：一是了解图表的主题，确定图表的主要内容；二是推敲图画语言或数字，找出它们之间的关联或试图表达的含义。5文化教育6社会生活B、解答阅读理解题的基本步骤。1、首先快速通读全文（包括标题，图），了解文章大意。2、阅读问题，应特别注意审题。3、带着问题细读文章，寻找重要的解题信息。叙述文重要信息包括人物(who)，事件(what
4、)，时间(when)，地点(where)，起因(why)，经过(how)，结果(what)等。*遇到个别词、句不明白，应大胆跳过向下读。4、 据初步获得的信息，综合运用所学英语知识和有关文章的各种背景知识进行信息处理，还应特别注意文章各部分之间内在的联系和字面隐含的意思。5、 分析的基础上选定答案。6、 如果时间够用，可复读文章，验证答案。C、阅读技巧。1.略读法：快速阅读，了解大意，综合主题句，找出全文的主题思想。主题句的位置一般在句首或句末，也有在句中的。2.查读法：顾名思义是为查找某一特定信息而进行的阅读。此法用于图表阅读。3、借助跳读找细节，借助掠读找中心。4、全文中心体现的是各段之和
5、。段落中心常与该段首句尾句相关。5、干扰项或是远离文章内容，或是以偏概全。 常见的干扰项：无中生有，张冠李戴，以偏概全，扩大内容。6、 猜测词义时，一定要回到原文中，因为没有上下文就没有词义。7、 推理判断题注意从文章作者立场出发，从短文中找答案，而不是问你作为中学生的看法。8、 做题的关键是看清题目的要求，读准的关键是分清句子的结构和确认词性词义。9、注意表逻辑关系词：起承上启下的作用，表明前后文间的联系 (1)表示先后顺序的词有：first, second, third, finally等。(2) 表示转折意义的词有：but, yet, though, however等。(3) 表示先因果
6、关系的词有：because, for，so that等。(4) 举例的如for example，like ,such as and so on 等。【2011乌鲁木齐】(选择型)阅读下面短文，从题中所给的ABC四个选项中选出最佳选项。According lo a new survey . Students safety has become a big problem .Nearly 50% of students say they are worried about robbery (抢劫)on the way to and from school. Now in main big citi
7、es. in China some schools have taught all unusual lesson: self-protection. Students like this lesson because there are no exams or boring classes. And they can learn how to save lives and know how to stop danger before it really happens.Chen Haoyu, a teacher at Beijing No 25 Middle School .give youn
8、g students advice on how to deal with dangerIf you are robbedKeep calm. lf you can not cry for help or run away. Give the robber your money. Try to remember what the robber looks like and tell the police later. If you are in a traffic accident.It a car hits you. You should remember the car number. I
9、f it is a bicycle. Try to call your parents before you let the rider go. This is because you dont know how seriously you are hurt If it is raining hard and there is lighting. (闪电)Dont stay in high places and stay away from trees.When there is a fire. Get away as fast as yon can. Put wet things on yo
10、ur body and try to find an exit. Do not lake the lift.If someone is drowning(溺水) If you cant swim. dont get into the water. Cry out for help.Remember that danger is never as far away as you think. Take care of yourself at alI times!56. Why do students like the self-protection lesson? Because there a
11、re no tests.Because the lessons are boring Because they can learn how to save lives. Because they know how to slop danger before it happens.A. B. C. D. 57. What will you do if a bicycle hurts you? A.I will remember the bicycle number.B.I wont let the rider go until I rail my parents.C. will let the
12、rider go before I call my parents.D.I will let the rider go because I know how seriously I am hurt.58.lf your house is on fire, you must _ .A. put dry things on your bodyB. run quickly and take the liftC. run away and find an exit as quickly as you CanD. take everything you have and then run away 59
13、. There _ ways of self-protection mentioned in the passage.A. 3 B. 4 C.5 D.6 60.The best title for this passage is _ .A. How to Keep Calm B. Self-protectionC. An usual lesson D. Danger 【主旨大意】学生的安全问题越来越受到人们的重视，为此一些学校可设这样的课程，来教会学生自护。来自北京25中的陈浩友老师给出了遇到危险的几种情况下的自救、自护方法。56. D 细节理解题 由文章第一段可知学生们喜欢自护课原因是：没考
14、试；不无聊；学会救生或当危险发生时阻止。57. B 细节理解题 由“If it is a bicycle. Try to call your parents before you let the rider go. This is because you dont know how seriously you are hurt ”可知如果自行车撞上你，在父母来之前不要让骑车的人走掉，因为你不知道你上的多严重。58. C 细节理解题 由“When there is a fire Get away as fast as yon. call. Put wet things on your body
15、and try to find an exit. Do not lake the lift.”可知发生火灾时尽快走，用湿东西裹住身体设法找到出口，不要乘电梯。59. C 整体理解题 陈浩友老师给出了在遭遇抢劫、发生交通事故、下雨打雷、发生火灾、溺水时自护的方法。60. B 整体理解题 由文章主旨大意可知。【2011山东临沂】（选择型）BE-book is short for electronic( 电子的) book. It is usually read on personal computers. Some mobile phones can also be used to read e-
16、books. Earlier e-books were written for a specific group of readers and were about only a few subjects. With the development of the internet, knowledge and answers to a lot of questions mainly come from e-books. This is why the e-book business is increasing quickly E-books have many advantages. Firs
17、t, they save time. We dont need to go to a bookstore to buy books, besides, we can find the topic we want to know about on the Internet, and then we can quickly get many e-books on similar topics. Second, e-books save money. Some e-books cost a little money, and there are millions of e-books on the
18、Internet that we can get for free. Third, more trees are saved because e-books dont need to be printed(印刷) on paper. Fourth, e-books make reading more convenient. You can carry a whole library of hundreds of books with you in a small computer or any e-book reader (电子阅读器) without worrying about their
19、 weight. But e-books have certain disadvantages. They need a personal computer or an e-book reader and the information can be lost if its file format (文件格式) is not supported or changed in the readers computer. However, e-books provide us with a new way of reading. That is good. 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。51. Why
20、 is the e-book business increasing quickly? Because _. A. earlier e-books are about only a few subjects. B. people dont like to read any paper books any more. C. most e-books have been written for a specific group of readers. D. the development of the Internet makes e-books more useful. 52. How many
21、 advantages do e-books have according to this article? A. Three B. Four C. Five D. Six 53. Which of the following is true according to this article？ A. E-books cant be red on mobile phones. B. All the e-books on the Internet cost lots of money. C. E-books can make reading more convenient. D. You can
22、t read e-books without a personal computer. 54. What is the disadvantage of the e-books? A. Youll lose the information if its file format is not supported. B. You can carry hundreds of books in an e-book reader. C. You can buy cheap e-books anywhere. D. You can read e-books at any time. 55. The auth
23、or mainly tells us _. A. you dont need to buy paper books in a bookstore if you read e-books. B. the information can be lost if its file format is changed. C. the development of e-books can help save the environment. B【主旨大意】：本文介绍了电子书的历史，及其优、缺点。可以说利大于弊。51. D细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句话。因为文中提到了互联网的发展使电子书更有用。52.
24、B细节理解题。因为第二段中提到了4点。53. C主旨大意题。 ABD和文中内容冲突。C电子书能使阅读更便利。54. A细节理解题。因为第四段中的最后一句话。55. A主旨大意题。作者就是想告诉我们，我们可以多用电子书。【2011浙江丽水】（选择型）C Its hard to imagine life without the Internet. How greatly it has changed our lives in the past 15 years since it was widely used. At the same time, however, the Internet has
25、 also caused some traditions to fall away (消失). E-mail is quicker and cheaper. Getting a handwritten letter from a friend has become a rare (稀有的) pleasure.Who would like to pay 60 yuan for 12 songs in a plastic case if you can find music in the Interact for free?When almost any fact can be found wit
26、hin seconds through Google and Baidu, personal memory becomes less important. The Web can remember it for us.When was the last time you watched the world out of a window? When was the last time you read a favorite book once again? When was the last time you sat in the cinema with your family? More a
27、nd more people lose themselves in the Internet. They show less interest and spend less time in the outside world. Youve spent the past few years talking with your freinds on QQ, or reading about his or her QQ suqare, so meeting a freind is no longer as important as it once was. Have you ever found y
28、ourself doing homework with one eye on a QQ Space window? A growing number of people say the Internet is stopping young people from fixing their attention on anything for a long time.When you surf the Internet, it feels like something youre enjoying and nobody knows it. But when you realize just how
29、 many people are watching your every move, it might just make you mad. Many people have realized their personal information can be found easily in the Internet even they dont want to.52. According to the passage, the Internet has been widely used since ago.A. 12 yearsB. 14 yearsC. 15 yearsD. 60 year
30、s53. We can learn from Paragraph 5 that people spend more time these days.A. surfing the Internet B. going to the cinemaC. reading favorite booksD. watching the outside world54. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Personal memory becomes more important.B. People get fewer hand
31、written letters from their friends now.C. You have to pay if you want to find some music in the Internet.D. Internet can help young people fix their attention on anything.55. From the passage we can learn that the writer _ when some traditions are falling away. A. doesnt care B. seems happy C. feels
32、 interested D. is worried 【主旨大意】因特网给我们的生活带来了很大的变化，同时也让许多传统的东西逐渐消失，为此，作者进行了详细地说明并对这一现象表示了担忧。52. C 细节理解题。根据第一段句子“How greatly it has changed our lives in the past 15 years since it was widely used”可知。53. A 细节理解题。根据句子“More and more people lose themselves in the Internet.”可知。54. B 细节理解题。A是错误的，根据句子“person
33、al memory becomes less important.”可以判断；B是正确的，根据句子“Getting a handwritten letter from a friend has become a rare pleasure.”可以判断；C是错误的，根据句子“if you can find music in the Interact for free”可以判断；D是错误的，根据句子“the Internet is stopping young people from fixing their attention on anything.”可以判断。故选B。55. D 推理判断题。
34、通过对文章的整体把握，“however, the Internet has also caused some traditions to fall away”进行推理出作者对于一些传统真正消失感到很担忧。故选D。【2011山东菏泽】CDo you have any foreign friends? Do you know their characteristics(特征)? The Germans are very quiet and they always keep calm. They dont like to speak more words. They look very seriou
35、s. They like different kinds of amusements. The Germans are very hardworking. They like tidiness, especially the women, who always keep their home clean. In some ways, the Englishmen look the same as the Germans. They are very quiet and never talk too much with the strangers. They are really polite,
36、 so we often hear they say “Thank you.” Or “Sorry.” The gentlemen are also the Englishmen. The Frenchs holidays are very long. They like traveling and usually spend their long time staying in other countries. The Frenchmen are more outgoing than the Germans. It is very easy to make friends with them
37、. Compared to the Frenchmen, the Americans are more outgoing. And they are even opener than all of the Europeans. They dont like to depend on others. So it is very common that the students do part-time jobs in their free time. And in Americans eyes, success is an important part in their life. 56. Ac
38、cording to the passage, _are very quiet. A. only the Germans B. only the Englishmen C. only the Frenchmen D. both the Germans and the Englishmen 57. What does the underlined word “tidiness” mean in Chinese? A.整洁 B.安静 C.时尚 D.随意 58. In the writers eyes, the gentlemen are_.A. the Germans B. the Frenchm
39、en C. the Englishmen D. the Americans 59. What can we learn about the Frenchmen from the passage? A. They are more outgoing than the Americans. B. It is very easy to make friends with them. C. They like traveling in their own country. D. They look serious and are always hard-working. 60. Which is th
40、e best title of the passage? A. Foreigners hobbies. B. Who are more outgoing? C. Characteristics of the foreigners. D. Success is an important part in Americans life. 【主旨大意】本文介绍外国朋友的不同特征。如德国人的内向和工作努力；英国人的彬彬有礼；法国人的外向和友善；美国人的开放和崇尚成功等。56. D细节理解题。由第二段第一句“The Germans are very quiet”和第三段第二句“They are very
41、quiet and never talk too much with the strangers.”可知，德国人和英国男士都很内向。57. A词义理解题。由下文“especially the women, who always keep their home clean.”可知他们总是保持家里干净，可以推测他们喜欢整洁。故选A。58. C细节理解题。由第三段第后一句“The gentlemen are also the Englishmen.”可知答案。59. B 推理判断题。由第四段可知法国男士外向并且善于交朋友。而善于交朋友是我们应该学习的。故选B。60. C推理判断题。由全文可知，这是一
42、篇介绍外国人不同特征的文章。故选C。【2011盐城】（选择型）BThere was a man who had a little son. He loved him very much. Every day after work the man would come home and play with the little boy.When the man came home from work one night, he found that he had some extra work to do. And he wasnt able to play with his little so
43、n. He wanted to give the boy something to keep him busy. So, looking around his study, he saw a magazine with a large map of the world on the cover. He got an idea. He patiently tore the map up into pieces. Then he led his son into the dining room and spread the pieces on the table. He explained to
44、the boy that it was a map of the world. He told the boy to put it back together and they could play together when he finished. Surely this could keep the child busy for hours, he thought.After about thirty minutes, the boy came to the man and said, “ Okay, its finished, Dad. Can we play now?”The man
45、 was surprised, saying, “ Thats amazing! How did you do that?” The boy said, “ It was easy. On the back of the page was a picture of a man. When I put the man together, the whole world appeared completely. ”34. Why couldnt the man play with his son that night? A. He had to read a magazine. B. He had
46、 some extra work to do. C. He had to learn something about a map. D. He had to stay at his office for extra work.35. What did the man ask his son to do? A. To read the magazine to find the map. B. To tear the map of the world cup into pieces. C. To put the pieces of the map of the world back togethe
47、r. D. To clean the dining room first, and then read the map of the world.36. How long did it take the boy to finish the work? A. A few hours. B. About an hour C. About half an hour. D. The whole night.37. Which of the following is TRUE about the passage? A. Its a report about a fathers extra work. B. Its a story between a father and his clever son. C. Its an advertisement for the map of the world. D. Its a poster about how to deal with parents problems. 【主旨大意】本文是一个小故事。讲了一位父亲为了在家加班，不能陪自己喜爱的小儿子玩，给他找了一个拼对世界地图的差事，没想到半个小时儿子就拼好了。原来拼图有“技巧