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1、1. Would you please tell us the major geological feature of this area2. Now I am going to give a brief account about the geological characteristic of this area3. Qaidam covers an area about 120.000 k2m (one hundred and twenty thousand square kilometers), in a rhombic shape.4. Qaidam is bounded on th
2、e north by the Altun mountains and the Qilian mountains, on the south by the Kunlun Mountain.5. Generally speaking, the Qaidam basin can be divided into three structure units of order one. They are the northern marginal Block-faulting zone. Mangya Depression and Sanhu Depression.6. Let me show you t
3、hese three structural units on map.7. Manya is the name of the place, Sanhu means three lakes in Chinese.8. So you can see that the division is not very strict in geology .It is based on both geology and geography.9. What kinds of topography are there in Qaidam .10. The topography is quilt complicat
4、ed in Qaidam .There are flat land, hilly region, mountains regions, marshes, network of rivers, lakes, saline, deserts, sand dunes, residual hill and so on.11. Do you think that several difference types of field crew should be used to conduct seismic exploration in such an area of different kinds of
5、 topography.12. Yes, I agree with you.13. We have dynamite crews, vibroseis crew, desert crews, and a heliportable crews.14. When working in the swampy areas, we use buggies and helicopters as the conveyance.15. Dont you think it will be more convenient to operate in swampy area in winter when water
6、 freezes up?16. Generally speaking, your opinion is correct.17. But the surface water in Qaidams marshes is mostly brine or brachish water. they do not freeze. We still have to use helicopters to support the field operation.18. What kinds of transportation equipment do you normally used to cross mar
7、shes? 19. Usually we use buggies, helicopter cost too much.20. How about desert and sand dune.21. Buggies and common vehicle with sand tyres can be used22. To operate in the mountainous area we have to use helicopters, but we try to transport the crew member and equipment by vehicle as close as poss
8、ible to the working area so as to save the helicopters flying time.23. Helicopter time is one of the major components of a helipotable crews cost/ we must arrange the fling route carefully.24. Yes .this is why there is a helicopter coordinator in the helicopter supporter crew.25. Would it be possibl
9、e to give us some ideas about the near surface geology in this area?26. Is the LVL (low velocity layer) very thick all over this area?27. Whats the velocity of a layer that you define as LVL?28. What is the depth of the water table in this area?29. Does the lithology of the near surface layers chang
10、e a lot?30. What do you mean by the word “change”. Laterally or vertically?31. Both.32. Both laterally and vertically. The near surface lithology in this area changes quite rapidly. This is one of the characteristics of a continental facies sedimental basin. 33. Are there any regularities of the cha
11、nge of the lithology.34. We have been working at it and have got some preliminary results.35. What types of noise are there in this area.36. There is multiple, ghost (虚反射),wind noise ,guided wave(导波)and ground roll. The most troublesome one is the ground roll.37. Are ground roll and surface wave the
12、 same thing?38. I think they are the same. Ground roll is the energy which travels along or near the surface. Including Layleigh, Love and hydrodynamic waves,（瑞利波，拉夫波，水力波） etc. It is characterized by relatively low velocity and low frequency but high amplitude.39. Ground roll tends to mask desired s
13、ignal, it is the major enemy in seismic prospecting.40. How to attenuate ground roll must be considered when we design the field parameter.41. What kind of multiple do you have in this area? Which affect the data quality most?42. We have peg-leg multiple, short path and long path multiple .the long
14、path multiple is apt to be mistaken for primary reflection. The short path multiple arrives soon after the primary that it merely adds a tail to the primary.43. Long path multiple can be attenuated by CDP stacking.44. But Id like to repeat that the major problem is ground roll. It affects the qualit
15、y of recording data most.45. What methods do you use to deal with ground roll in the field.46. We usually use a combination of spatial and frequency filters to control ground roll.47. When I mention spatial filters. I mean geophone arrays. A well-designed and carefully-planted geophone array has qui
16、te good direction property.48. A geophone array with good direction property is much more sensitive to upwards traveling energy .that is reflection 49. A geophone itself is a low cut filter. Its natural frequency is the cutting frequency, and ground roll is normally of low frequency.50. When you com
17、e to work in a new country(工区) (new working area ), what kind of investigation will you make at the very beginning.51. Firstly, we will ask the local geologist to give us an account on the geological conditions, geology is the starting point and service object of geophysical prospecting.52. Of cours
18、e we will also ask local geophysicists to tell us their experience. and ask them to show us some seismic records and sections from the adjacent areas.53. Then we hope to get the topographic map. The bigger scale the better.54. We will scout the terrain in the field with the topographic map in our ha
19、nds.55. At last, before formal operation for production. We will make the noise study and the field parameters test.56. Whats the suitable seismic grid for starting shooting in this area, according to your opinion?57. I am afraid I can not answer your question directly. Seismic grid planning calls f
20、or consideration of many factors.58. First of all, it depends on what is the reason for shooting in this area. That is what you always call the geological objectives.59. I see some old lines on the maps. the new lines should tie with the old ones.60. There are some wells, too, but, why didnt the old
21、 lines tie the wells?61. The well drilled after shooting. Our new lines should tied the wells and in a small grid.62. Very good, besides, we should try to make the lines parallel or perpendicular to the strikes of the structures.63. I agree with you. We need strike profiles and dip profiles.64. As t
22、he strike of structure in Qaidam normally are northwestward. Our main lines should be oriented northwest and the auxiliary lines northwest.65. The gaps in the old grid need to be fill in.66. Now we have equipment of good cross-country ability.67. One more point. If some old lines are of poor quality
23、. They should be reshot.68. Is this line long enough?69. I propose this line be extended into the mountain, the deeper the better.70. Is this line located correctly?71. What is the major geological objective of this line?72. Whats this lines name? How long is it?73. How many new lines will there be
24、in this working area? Whats their total length? Do you know?74. Considering the local topography, dont you?75. Mr. Bake, we are going to deploy firstly the multichannel crew in NanYi Shan area. What is your opinion?76. We need to know the brief geological conditions and prospecting history of that a
25、rea.77. This area is located at the centre part of Mangya Depression with very good source conditions. The surface structures have been known. Several high yield wells have been drilled .Oil flow of high production has been found at depth of 4000 m.78. But the subsurface conditions are not clear. Ou
26、r geologists consider that the surface oil deposits are controlled by faults. Therefore, we seek the help of the advanced equipment of the multichannel crew to get a clear idea about the subsurface geological configuration the distribution and the nature of the faults.79. Surface survey identified t
27、he surface structures long ago. Their strikes are SW-NE.80. The traffic condition in the area is somewhat difficult. The surface is a hard salt crust. But there is stiff access.81. A few lines were shot. But limited by the equipment and technique. We have not obtained satisfying data.82. Experience
28、has proved that good quality data can be obtained from the area like this by increasing the coverage by a great margin advanced data processing and accuracy migration.83. Our preliminary plan is to shoot six south-north lines, line spacing being 4 km, line length being 10 km , As the major lines cro
29、ssing the structure.84. Two east-west lines. Each being 20 km, spacing being 5 km, are the auxiliary lines.85. According to the practice and the data, some modification might be made during the operation.86. Because it is one of the major areas for finding oil, it is of great possibility to shoot sm
30、aller grid in the future.87. When it is necessary, 3-D might be shot in this area. so we should try to make the lines we are now designing, not only be used for present shooting, but also be of some use in the future.88. The field parameters in this area might be relatively complex, they should be t
31、ested in detail, including the field geometry, the source array and the receiver pattern.89. We are willing to accept this programme. Before submitting our plan, we have to scout the country and study the related information.90. Would you give us the topographic map and the surface geological map of
32、 the area.91. Are you going to get 240-fold data?92. Yes, we want to know how much improvement of the data quality can be obtained by such a high coverage while other parameters are correct.93. Guided waves develop a lot in this area. When designing the field geometry and the offsets, we have to con
33、sider them.94. After charge size test. we think preliminarily that 2.5kg*8 will be ok.95. After a lot of test, we come to that 3062 shot hole array and 4122 geophone array are suitable in the area.96. After test, we think the hole depth of six meters is suitable economical.97. Here are some seismic
34、data from the adjacent countries which are good reference for designing field parameters.98. The depth of the basement in this area is about 5500m.99. We try to see everything from basement to surface.100.Our data processing centre is required to provide the best cooperation to the field survey.101.
35、Could you show me the theoretical response curve of this geophone array?102.What are the advantages and disadvantages of this geophone array?103.What kinds of noise is this geophone array designing for?104.I dont think the number of elements of the geophone array is enough?105.Have noted that geopho
36、nes are not easy to be planted stably on this kind of surface and wind will cause quite strong wind noise?106.Can the element spacing of the geophone array be change into 10m?107.Dont you think the length of the geophone array is a little short?108.Do you have other idea about the explosive depth?10
37、9.Dynamite will be better than vibroseis as the energy source in this area. Dont you think so?110.Yes, the surface is too soft to get good coupling for vibroseiss pad.111.Shall we try another shot hole array?112.The shot hole depth should not be shallower than 6 meters.113. Good! Six meters is just
38、the length of a stem. The drilling group will be of high efficiency.114.But dont forget to tamp the holes well. Tamping is as important as the hole depth.115.I prefer using the term “TOC” depth for the sake of quality control. “TOC” means (TOP OF CHARGE) .TOC depth of 4.5 meters is the minimum.116.A
39、n areal array of source will produce better result. Shall we use an areal source array?117.Theoretically. An areal source array will be better. But practically, there are some problem which will impede the use of areal array.118.Too complicated an array will make our drillers confused.119.Very often
40、 the terrain does not allow an areal array to be deployed.120.I think an areal geophone array is much easier.121.The elevation changes very rapidly here and it will affect the geophone array. What is your method to solve this problem?122.One of the Solution is to plant geophone along the contours.12
41、3.Dont you think the sweep length should be a little longer?124.The sweep spectrum should be a little wider, too.125.How does this kind of spike (尖脉冲)occur? Please eradicate it ASSP.126.The wind is so strong. Shall we go on shooting?127.The wind does not affect recording a lot .We can go on shooting
42、.128.The wind is getting stronger and stronger. Microseism is very distinct on the record.129.Since it is so. Lets stop shooting and go home.130.It is raining. Shall we collect the geophone and the cables?131.I dont think so. It will cause everything muddy. Besides, the rain will stop very soon.132.
43、The rain is heavy. I am afraid there is an excessive leakage in the cable.133.Since it has been raining for a long time. It is difficult to meet this months goal.134.Yes. There are only eight day left.135.I am still optimistic about it. The weather forecast said it would clear up this evening.136.I
44、agree. The terrain fronting us is quite flat. By the good cooperation between our two parties, I think we can fulfill our task of this month.137.How difficult it is for us to have fulfilled this months programme.138.I think it is necessary to summarize our work to see where the week link lies.139.Th
45、e problem came mainly from the drilling group. The survey pegs of the array were not planted distinctly. A lot of time was wasted on looking for the hole locations.140.Seeking for a high pace. The shooters did not connect dynamite correctly and caused some misfire.141.Recently, frequency shift has o
46、ccurred in communication between the recorder and the shoot box.142.Do you know which radio is unstable, the recorders or the shooting units?143.I have no idea about it. Please send a technician to check and repair it.144.In the gully area, it is often very difficult to get good radio communication. It affect the field operation a lot.145.Have you tried a relay radio? It may help.146.In these days there are often dead traces and anomalous traces in the records.147.By detailed check, we have known the problems come from geophone planting and geop