《[考研英语]1986-考研英语历年真题答案.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《[考研英语]1986-考研英语历年真题答案.doc（177页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、1986-2008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案177Section II: Reading ComprehensionEach of the three passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)
2、Text 1In May l989, space shuttle “Atlantis” released in outer space the space probe “Megallan,” which is now on her 15-month and one-billion-kilometer flight to Venus. A new phase in space exploration has begun.The planet Venus is only slightly smaller than Earth; it is the only other object in the
3、solar system, in fact, that even comes close to earths size. Venus has a similar density, so it is probably made of approximately the same stuff, and it has an atmosphere, complete with clouds. It is also the closest planet to earth, and thus the most similar in distance from the sun. In short, Venu
4、s seems to justify its long-held nickname of “earths twin.”The surface temperature of Venus reaches some 900F. Added to that is an atmospheric pressure about 90 times Earths: High overhead in the carbon dioxide (CO2) that passes for air is a layer of clouds, perhaps 10 to 20 miles thick, whose littl
5、e drops consist mostly of sulfuric acid (H2SO4). Water is all but nonexistent.Born with so many fundamental similarities to earth, how did Venus get to be so radically different: It is not just an academic matter. For all its extremes, Venus is a valuable laboratory for researchers studying the weat
6、her and climate of earth. It has no earths oceans, so the heat transport and other mechanisms are greatly simplified. In addition, the planet Venus takes 243 earth-days to turn once on its axis, so incoming heat from the sun is added and distributed at a more leisurely, observable pace.16.Venus is s
7、imilar to Earth in _.A size and densityB distance from the sunC having atmosphereD all of the above17.The greatest value in studying Venus should be to _.A allow us to visit thereB understand Earth betterC find a new source of energyD promote a new space program18.The main idea of this passage is ab
8、out _.A problems of space travelB scientific methods in space explorationC the importance of Venus to EarthD conditions on VenusText 2Tourists were surprised to see a woman driving a huge orange tractor down one of Romes main avenues. Italys political leaders and some of its male union chiefs are sa
9、id to have been even more puzzled to see that the tractor was followed by about 200,000 women in a parading procession that took more than three hours to snake through central Rome.Shouting slogans, waving flags and dancing to drumbeats, the women had come to the capital from all over Italy to demon
10、strate for “a job for each of us, a different type of job, and a society without violence.” So far, action to improve womens opportunities in employment has been the province of collective industrial bargaining. “But there is a growing awareness that this is not enough,” says a researcher on female
11、labor at the government-funded Institute for the Development of Professional Training for Workers.Women, who constitute 52 per cent of Italys population, today represent only 35 per cent of Italys total workforce and 33 per cent of the total number of Italians with jobs. However, their presence in t
12、he workplace is growing. The employment of women is expanding considerably in services, next to the public administration and commerce as their principal workplace. Official statistics also show that women have also made significant strides in self-employment. More and more women are going into busi
13、ness for themselves. Many young women are turning to business because of the growing overall in employment. It is also a fact that today many prejudices have disappeared, so that banks and other financial institutes make judgments on purely business considerations without caring if it is a man or a
14、woman.Such changes are occurring in the professions too. The number of women doctors, dentists, lawyers, engineers and university professors increased two to three fold. Some of the changes are immediately visible. For example, women have appeared on the scene for the first time as state police, rai
15、lway workers and street cleaner.However, the present situation is far from satisfactory though some progress has been made. A breakthrough in equal opportunities for women is now demanded.19.The expression “snake through central Rome” probably means “to move _A quietly through central Rome.”B violen
16、tly through central Rome.”C in a long winding line through central Rome.”D at a leisurely pace through central Rome.”20.Which of the following statements is NOT true?A There are more women than men in Italy.B In Italy, women are chiefly employed in services.C In Italy, women are still at a disadvant
17、age in employment.D In Italy, about two-thirds of the jobs are held by men.21.About 200,000 women in Rome demonstrated for _.A more job opportunitiesB a greater variety of jobsC “equal job, equal pay”D both A and B22.The best title for this passage would be _.A The Role of Women is SocietyB Women De
18、monstrate for Equality in EmploymentC Women as Self-employed ProfessionalsD Women and the Jobs MarketText 3The old idea that talented children “burn themselves out” in the early years, and, therefore, are subjected to failure and at worst, mental illness is unfounded. As a matter of fact, the outsta
19、nding thing that happens to bright kids is that they are very likely to grow into bright adults.To find this out, l, 500 gifted persons were followed up to their thirty-fifth year with these results:On adult intelligence tests, they scored as high as they had as children. They were, as a group, in g
20、ood health, physically and mentally. 84 per cent of their group were married and seemed content with their lives.About 70 per cent had graduated from college, though only 30 per cent had graduated with honors. A few had even dropped out, but nearly half of these had returned to graduate. Of the men,
21、 80 per cent were in one of the professions or in business management or semiprofessional jobs. The women who had remained single had office, business, or professional occupations.The group had published 90 books and 1,500 articles in scientific, scholarly, and literary magazines and had collected m
22、ore than 100 patents.In a material way they did not do badly either. Average income was considerably higher among the gifted people, especially the men, than for the country as a whole, despite their comparative youth.In fact, far from being strange, most of the gifted were turning their early promi
23、se into practical reality.23.The old idea that talented children “burn themselves out” in the early years is _.A true in all sensesB refuted by the authorC medically provenD a belief of the author24.The survey of bright children was made to _.A find out what had happened to talented children when th
24、ey became adultsB prove that talented children “burn themselves out” in the early yearsC discover the percentage of those mentally ill among the giftedD prove that talented children never burn themselves out25.Intelligence tests showed that _.A bright children were unlikely to be mentally healthyB b
25、etween childhood and adulthood there was a considerable loss of intelligenceC talented children were most likely to become gifted adultsD when talented children grew into adults, they made low scoresSection III: Close TestFor each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices labele
26、d A, B, C, and D, choose the best one and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. Read the whole passage before making your choice. (10 points)No one knows for sure what the world would be like in the year 2001. Many books have been written _26_ the future. But the 19th-century French novelist Jules Ve
27、rne may be called a futurologist in the fullest _27_ of the word. In his fantastic novels “A Trip to the Moon” and “80 Days Around the World,” he described with detail the aeroplane and even the helicopter. These novels still have a great attraction _28_ young readers of today because of their bold
28、imagination and scientific accuracy.Below is a description of what our life will be in the year 2001 as predicted by a _29_ writer.In 2001, in the home, cookers will be set so that you can cook a complete meal at the touch of a switch.Television will provide information on prices at the _30_ shops a
29、s well as news and entertainment. Videophones will bring pictures as well as _31_ to telephone conversations.Machines will control temperature, lighting, entertainment, security alarms, laundry and gardening.Lighting will provide decoration as well as wallpaper.At work, robots will take _32_ most jo
30、bs in the manufacturing industries. Working hours will fall to under 30 hours a week. Holidays will get longer; six weeks will be the normal annual holiday. Men and women will retire at the same age.Our leisure will be different too. The home will become the center of entertainment through televisio
31、n and electronic games. More people will eat out in restaurants _33_ they do today; also they will have a much wider variety of food available. There will be a change of taste towards a more savoury-flavored menu. New synthetic foods will form a _34_ part of peoples diets.Foreign travel will _35_; w
32、inter holidays will become more popular than summer ones.Also non-stop flights from Britain to Australia and New Zealand will be easily available and much cheaper. Education will become increasingly more important than ever before.26.A inB ofC aboutD for27.A senseB meaningC detailD implication28.A f
33、orB ofC onD towards29.A todayB nowadaysC present-dayD present30.A nearB nearbyC nearlyD nearer31.A noiseB soundC toneD tune32.A toB awayC offD over33.A thanB asC whenD while34.A usualB popularC dailyD regular35.A addB increaseC raiseD ariseSection IV: Error-detection and CorrectionEach of the follow
34、ing sentences has four underlined parts. These parts are labeled A, B, C, and D. Identify the part of sentence that is incorrect and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. Then, without altering the meaning of the sentence, write down your correction on the line in the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)EXAMPLE
35、:You have to hurry up if you want to buy something because A theres B hardly something C left. DANSWER: C anything36.Alice was having A trouble to control B the children because there were C so many D of them.37.We were very much surprised A that the B village was such C long way from D the road.38.
36、Johns chance of being elected A chairman B of the committee is far C greater than Dick D.39.“We have won A a B great victory on C our enemy D,” the captain said.40.There are many valuable services A which the public are willing to pay for B, but which does not bring C a return in money D to the comm
37、unity.41.The law I am referring A require that everyone B who owns C a car have D accident insurance.42.“I considered it A a honor B to be invited to address C the meeting of world-famous D scientists,” said Professor Leacock.43.He was seeing A somebody creeping B into the house through C the open D
38、 window last night.44.The reason for A all the B changes being made C has not explained D to us yet.45.Even though A the children pretended asleep B, the nurses were not deceived C when D they came into the room.Section V: Verb FormsFill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the verbs given in
39、 the brackets. Put your answers in the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)EXAMPLE:It is highly desirable that a new president _ (appointed) for this college.ANSWER: (should) be appointed46.Buying clothes _ (be) very time-consuming as you rarely find things that fit you nicely.47.They keep telling us it is of
40、utmost importance that our representative _ (send) to the conference on schedule.48.I must call your attention to the directions. Read them carefully and act as _ (instruct).49.Emma said in her letter that she would appreciate _ (hear) from you soon.50.I _ (call) to make an airline reservation, but
41、I didnt.51.If Greg had tried harder to reach the opposite shore, we _ (not have) to pick him up in the boat.52.After twenty years abroad, William came back only _ (find) his hometown severely damaged in an earthquake.53.The lecture _ (begin), he left his seat so quietly that no one complained that h
42、is leaving disturbed the speaker.54.The children were surprised when the teacher had them _ (close) their books unexpectedly.55.A new road will be built here, and therefore a number of existing houses _ (have to destroy).Section VI: Chinese-English TranslationTranslate the following into English (15
43、 points)56.你应该仔细核对全部资料，以避免严重错误。57.尽管这个实验复杂，他们决心按时把它完成。58.一切迹象表明这个人对这里发生的情况毫无所知。59.只有那些不怕困难的人，才有可能在工作中取得卓越的成果。60.这篇作品与其说是短篇小说，不如说更像是新闻报导。Section VII: English-Chinese TranslationTranslate the following passage carefully and then translate the sentences underlined into Chinese. (20 points)People have w
44、ondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. (61) They wan
45、t to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from each other. The controversy is often conveniently refer
46、red to as “nature vs. nurture.”(62) Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological factors. (63) That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is cent
47、ral to this theory.Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is pre-determined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts.Those who support the “nurture” theory, that is, they advocate education, are often called behaviorists. They claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determi