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1、第一章:简单句部份前置定语:1. The new invention put an end to the popularity of painted portraits.2. Then she lights them and adds color from lights covered with colored filters.3. The acute, growing public awareness of the social changes was tied to tremendous growth in popular journalism in the late nineteenth
2、 century, including growth in quantity and circulation of both magazines and newspapers.4. The printed word, unquestionably, was intruding on the insulation that had characterized United States society in an earlier period.5. This new design concept, coupled with the sharp postwar reactions to the s
3、tyles and conventions of the preceding decades, created an entirely new public taste.6. In the United States, Louis Comfort Tiffany (1843-1933) was the most noted exponent of this style7. Among the most celebrated artists was Emile Galle (1846-1904).8. A favored device of the style was to imitate th
4、e iridescent surface seen on ancient glass that had been buried.9. The Arts and Crafts Movement in the United States was responsible for sweeping changes in attitudes toward the decorative arts, then considered the minor or household arts.10. Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of s
5、pecies and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity to the health of the Earth and human well-being.后置定语:1. At first, the music played bore no special relationship to the films2. The most famous of these early special scores was that composed and arranged fo
6、r D. W. Griffiths film Birth of a Nation3. Besides living quarters, each pueblo included one or more kivas - circular underground chambers faced with stone.4. Certain films had music especially composed for them.5. Her fictive world remains strikingly akin to that real one reflected in the daily new
7、spapers, the television news and talk shows, and the popular magazines of our day.6. For example, Edward Bellamys utopian novel, Looking Backward, sold over a million copies in 1888, giving rise to the growth of organizations dedicated to the realization of Bellamys vision of the future.7. In Them (
8、1969) she focused on Detroit from the Depression through the riots of 1967, drawing much of her material from the deep impression made on her by the problems of one of her students.8. These developments were significant factors in the transformation of society from one characterized by relatively is
9、olated self-contained communities into an urban, industrial nation.9. A favored device of the style was to imitate the iridescent surface seen on ancient glass that had been buried.10. Much has been written about the diversity of terrestrial organisms, particularly the exceptionally rich life associ
10、ated with tropical rain-forest habitats.11. It will inspire entire generations to come.状语:1. Using only stone and wood tools, and without benefit of wheels or draft animals, the builders quarried ton upon ton of sandstone from the canyon walls, cut it into small blocks, hauled the blocks to the cons
11、truction site, and fitted them together with mud mortar.2. Starting in the late eighteenth century, the United States contained increasing numbersof such people, and of the artists who could meet their demands.3. In 1839, the daguerreotype was introduced to America, ushering in the age of photograph
12、y.4. During these years, the demand for portraits grew and grew, eventually to be satisfied by the camera.5. Once again, an original portrait became a luxury, commissioned by the wealthy and executed by the professional.6. She also photographs away from her studio at various architectural sites, bri
13、nging camera, lights, mirrors, and a crew of assistants to transform the site into her own abstract image.7. At first she works only with objects, concentrating on their composition.8. Her productivity since then has been prodigious, accumulating in less than two decades to nearly thirty titles, inc
14、luding novels, collections of short stories and verse, plays, and literary criticism.9. In Them (1969) she focused on Detroit from the Depression through the riots of 1967, drawing much of her material from the deep impression made on her by the problems of one of her students.10. The acute, growing
15、 public awareness of the social changes was tied to tremendous growth in popular journalism in the late nineteenth century, including growth in quantity and circulation of both magazines and newspapers.11. For example, Edward Bellamys utopian novel, Looking Backward, sold over a million copies in 18
16、88, giving rise to the growth of organizations dedicated to the realization of Bellamys vision of the future.12. This new design concept, coupled with the sharp postwar reactions to the styles and conventions of the preceding decades, created an entirely new public taste.13. At first restricted to a
17、 small avant-garde group of architects and designers, Functionalism emerged as the dominant influence upon designers after the First World War.14. The glass objects of this style were elegant in outline, although often deliberately distorted, with pale or iridescent surfaces.15. Whether abstract, st
18、ylized, or realistically treated, the consistent theme in virtually all Arts and Crafts design is nature.16. To appreciate fully the diversity and abundance of life in the sea, it helps to think small.17. Such a success can bring to the preeminent investment bank material rewards that will further e
19、nhance the banks reputation. 18. The work of these scientist calls into question the validity of a strictly molecular approach to the sometimes murky science of species preservation.19. Cirque pulled in an audience that the traditional circus had never seen: adult theatergoers accustomed to paying s
20、teeper ticket prices.20. They have treasured throughout their lives some of the books they read as children.21. There was no way that I could work with the music without taking into consideration how it had come to the United States.动名词:Besides living quarters, each pueblo included one or more kivas
21、 - circular underground chambers faced with stone.同位语:Besides living quarters, each pueblo included one or more kivas - circular underground chambers faced with stone.Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of bio
22、logical diversity, the number of species in a particular ecosystem, to the health of the Earth and human well-being.省略:Starting in the late eighteenth century, the United States contained increasing numbersof such people, and of the artists who could meet their demands.插入语:1. The conductor seldom sa
23、w the films until the night before they were to be shown if, indeed, the conductor was lucky enough to see them then.2. The printed word, unquestionably, was intruding on the insulation that had characterized United States society in an earlier period.3. These developments, in addition to the contin
24、ued growth of cities, were significant factors in the transformation of society from one characterized by relatively isolated self-contained communities into an urban, industrial nation.4. The glass objects of this style were elegant in outline, although often deliberately distorted, with pale or ir
25、idescent surfaces.5. Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity, the number of species in a particular ecosystem, to the health of the Earth and human well-being.名词性从句:In her studio she arrang
26、es objects such as mirrors, solid forms, and flat surfaces into what could be called large still life arrangements, big enough to walk into.She had been badly hurt in what police described as “a savage attack”.The old lady thought he was a fussy creature, but since the porter agreed with him, she ra
27、ng up her daughter and asked for her help in what she described as a little spot of bother.He studied the relationship between health and how the body takes in and utilizes food substances.第二章:复杂句部份l Using techniques first developed for the offshore oil and gas industry, the DSDPs drill ship, the Gl
28、omar Challenger, was able to maintain a steady position on the oceans surface and drill in very deep waters, extracting samples of sediments and rock from the ocean floor.l However, for many years, physicists thought that atoms and molecules always were much more likely to emit light spontaneously a
29、nd that stimulated emission thus always would be much weaker.l It appeared that Canada was once more falling in step with the trend toward smaller families that had occurred all through the Western world since the time of the Industrial Revolution.l The history of clinical nutrition, or the study of
30、 the relationship between health and how the body takes in and utilizes food substances, can be divided into four distinct eras: the first began in the nineteenth century and extended into the early twentieth century when it was recognized for the first time that food contained constituents that wer
31、e essential for human function and that different foods provided different amounts of these essential agents. l The technique of direct carving was a break with the nineteenth century tradition in which the making of a clay model was considered the creative act and the work was then turned over to s
32、tudio assistant to be cast in plaster or bronze or carved in marble.l Anyone who has handled a fossilized bone knows that it is usually not exactly like its modern counterpart, the most obvious difference being that it is often much heavier.l The impressive gain in output stemmed primarily from the
33、way in which workers made goods since 1790s;North American entrepreneurs-even without the technological improvement-had broadened the scope of the outwork system that made manufacturing more efficient by distributing materials to succession of workers who each performed a single step of the producti
34、on process.l A few art collectors, James Bowdoin of Boston, William Byrd of Virginian, and the Aliens and Hamilton of Philadephi, introduced European art traditions to those colonists privileged to visit their galleries, especially aspiring artists, and established in their respective communities th
35、e idea of the value of art and the need for institutions devoted to its encouragement.附录:句子词汇部份utilizev.利用galleryn.画室traditionn.传统functionn.功能technological a.技术的fossilizev.石化techniquen.方法,技术extractvt. 提取surfacen. 表面extendv.延伸successionn.一系列exactlyad.精确地substancen.物质,实质establishv.建立studio n.工作室essent
36、ial a.必要的stimulatevt. 刺激eran.时期stemv.起源于encouragementn.鼓励steadyadj. 稳定的emit vt. 发出，放射spontaneousadj. 自发的，自然产生的emissionn. 排放物sedimentn. 沉淀物efficienta.有效率的scope n.范围drillvt. 钻孔samplen. 样品，样本distributev.分发,分配Revolutionn.革命distincta.明显的,不同的respectivea.分别的devotev.致力于relationshipn.关系creativea.创新的providev.
37、提供counterpartn. 相似之物，副本，对应物processn.过程containv.包括,含有privilegev.有特权constituentn.成分primarilyad.主要地considerv.考虑position n. 位置，职位communityn.社区plaster n.石膏colonistn.殖民者physicistn. 物理学家clinicala.临床的performev. 执行clayn.粘土offshoreadj. 近海的，离岸的castv.铸造obvious a.明显的carvingn.雕刻nutritionn.营养bronzen.青铜moleculen. 分
38、子broadenv.拓宽modeln.模型breakn.突破mechanicn.机械工人attributableadj. 可归因于 . 的marblen.大理石atomn. 原子manufacturing n.制造assistantn.助理maintainvt. 维持aspiring adj. 渴望的，有抱负的likely adj. 可能的artisann.工匠introducevt. 介绍，引进amountn.数量institutionn.机构agentn.作用物,成分industryn. 工业，产业，勤勉handlev.解决,处理强化练习l On the contary, for many
39、 years, anthropologists acknowledged that acdemic research offered different hypotheses on the topics of “Who are the ancestors of modern Homo sapiens?, What are humans physical traits?, How do humans behave?, and Why are there variations and differences among different groups of humans? and that mo
40、re efforts should be made to accelerate the study of these abstract phenomenon.l Being able to adapt to new enviroment, our ancestors that lived around 3000 years ago were adept at hunting, food making, making weapons and were used to living in the wild where dangerous manmals occurred frequentely.l
41、 It seems that the ideas of modern architects are once more falling in step with the trend toward pragmatic and functional building that had occurred all through the Western world since the first art movement.l The history of celestial body, or the study of the relationship between astronomical bodi
42、es and how the celestial objects interact with each other, can be divided into four distinct eras: the first began in the nineteenth century and extended into the early twentieth century when it was recognized for the first time that Planetary systems formed as part of the same process which results
43、 in star formation that lead to interstellar cloud and cloud collapse and that protoplanetary disk evolved into a planetary system by collisions and gravitational capture.l The concept that form follows function was a breakthrough in the nineteenth century in which this precept was met with both pop
44、ularity and skepticism and then was accepted by the majority, for function came to be seen as encompassing all criteria of the use, perception and enjoyment of a building, not only practical but also aesthetic, psychological and cultural.l Anyone who is famiiar with aesthetic history knows that arch
45、itecture first evolved out of the dynamics between needs- shelter, security, worship, and means-available building materials and attendant skills, each having to cater to anothers requirement.l The impressive capabiity of manufacturing stemmed primarily from the way in which product circulation was
46、undertaken in 1790s; North American manufacturers-even without the technological advacement which could aid the production process-had broadened the scope of the outwork system that made distribution more efficient by disseminating materials to succession of workers who each performed a single step
47、of the production process.l Nowadays, museum collections are widely varied that include collections of art, of scientific specimens, of historic objects, of living zoological specimens, of cheese and much more and that aspiring artists privileged to visit the museum and celebrated politicians and brilliant architects are often invited is a prevailing phenomenon. l The fact that museum collections, and archives in general, are normally categorized in terms of in which year they are made, but nowadays in a computerized databa