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1、Manipulator is now used as a industrial robots in use, the control objectives often appear often in industrial automation. Industrial automation technology has gradually matured, as mature a technology line has been rapid development in industrial automation as a separate subject. Manipulator applic
2、ation began to filter into welding, logistics, mechanical processing, and other industries. Especially at high or very low temperatures, full of poisonous gases, high radiation case, robot in similar circumstances showed great use also brings great convenience to the staff. Precisely because of this
3、 robot to get peoples attention began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, working conditions, labor intensive aspects of promoting development. Both at home and abroad to develop the PLC (programmable logic controller) is in various special circumstances and under special conditions set
4、 for mechanical devices. Now turned on the development of the microelectronics automatic control technology and the rapid development of the trains, the success of PLC hardware software and simulation control win big and successful development, now continues to develop as a factory automation standa
5、rds. Because robots are good development of the technology makes a good optimization of productive capital, and robot shows this unique advantages, such as: has good compatibility, wide availability, hardware is complete, and programming that can be mastered in a short time, so in the context of ind
6、ustrial PLC applications became ubiquitous. Manipulator in many developed country agriculture and industry has been applied, such as the use of mechanical harvesting large areas of farmland, repeated operations on the high-speed line that uses a robotic arm, and so on. Today, the high level of autom
7、ation combined with restrictions on the manipulator development level is slightly lower than the international. The design is mainly arm welding machine by PLC Automation control. This of design let designers on in school by learn of has a must of consolidation, understand has some usually didnt opp
8、ortunities awareness in world range within some leading level of knowledge has has must awareness, hope designers can in yihou of design in the can success of using in this design in the proceeds of experience 1.2 manipulator in both at home and abroad of research profile automation mechanical arm r
9、esearch began Yu 20th century medium-term, after years with with computer and automation technology of development, Makes mechanical arm on the Grand stage of industrial automation and shine, gradually became an industrial evaluation standards, and its importance can be seen. Now original robotic ar
10、m spent most of mass production and use on the production line, which is programmed robotic arm. As the first generation of manipulator position control systems main features, although not back several generations that can detect the external environment, but can still successfully complete like wel
11、ding, painting, delivery as well as for materials simple movements. Second generation mechanical arms are equipped with sensors and manipulators have the environment there is a certain amount of sense, when the mechanical arm is to use the program as a basis. Difference is that the robot begand09年监理
12、工程师考试合同管理历年考题分析(7)2009-4-10 14:25:00来源：环球网校频道：监理工程师历年考题分析1.施工合同的组成文件中，结合项目特点针对通用条款内容进行补充或修正，使之与通用条款共同构成对某一方面问题内容完备约定的文件是( )。A.协议书B.专用条款C.标准条款D.质量保修书答案B解题要点专用条款是结合各异的施工现场和外部环境，对通用条款的细化、说明和补充，是施工合同范本的必要组成部分。2.按照施工合同示范文本的规定，对合同双方有约束力的合同文件包括( )。A.投标书及其附件B.招标阶段对投标人质疑的书面解答C.资格审查文件D.工程报价单E.履行合同过程中的变更协议答案AD
13、E解题要点B、C都属于招标阶段文件。3.按照施工合同示范文本规定，当组成施工合同的各文件出现含糊不清或矛盾时，应按( )顺序解释。A.施工合同协议书、工程量清单、中标通知书B.中标通知书、投标书及附件、合同履行中的变更协议C.合同履行中的洽商协议、中标通知书、工程量清单D.施工合同专用条款、施工合同通用条款、中标通知书答案C解题要点注意这里排序第一的是双方洽商的施工合同协议书。4.施工中需要使用专利技术及特殊工艺时，按照施工合同示范文本的规定，如果是( )。A.发包人要求使用，由发包人办理相应手续，发包人承担相应费用B.发包人要求使用，由承包人办理相应手续，发包人承担相应费用C.承包人提出使用
14、，由发包人办理相应手续，承包人承担相应费用D.承包人提出使用，由承包人办理相应手续，发包人承担相应费用答案A解题要点记住一个原则：谁提出，谁负责。5.依据施工合同示范文本规定，施工合同发包人的义务包括( )。A.办理临时用地、停水、停电申请手续B.向施工单位进行设计交底C.提供施工场地地下管线资料D.做好施工现场地下管线和邻近建筑物的保护E.开通施工现场与城乡公共道路的通道答案ACE解题要点B是设计人员的责任，D是承包人义务。6.下列有关隐蔽工程与重新检验提法中正确的有( )。A.承包人自检后书面通知工程师验收B.工程师接到承包人的通知后，应在约定的时间与承包人共同检验C.若工程师未能按时提出
15、延期检验要求，又未能按时参加验收，承包人可自行检验D.若工程师已经在验收合格记录上签字，只有当有确切证据证明工程有问题的情况下才能要求承包人对已隐蔽的工程进行重新检验E.重新检验如果不合格，应由承包人承担全部费用，但工期予以适当顺延答案ABC解题要点无论工程师是否参加了验收，当对某部分的工程质量有怀疑时，均可提出重新检验，所以D不对。E的情况工期不予顺延。7.依照施工合同示范文本通用条款的规定，( )属于发包人应当完成的工作。A.办理施工许可证B.提供工程进度计划C.确定坐标控制点D.做好施工现场地下管线的保护工作E.协调处理施工现场周围地下管线的保护工作答案ACE。解题要点B、D都是承包人的
16、义务。8.按照施工合同示范文本规定，承包人的义务包括( )。A.协调处理施工现场周围地下管线保护工作B.按工程需要提供非夜间施工使用的照明C.办理临时停电、停水、中断道路申报批准手续D.组织设计交底答案B解题要点A、C是发包人的义务，D是设计人的义务。9.依据施工合同示范文本通用条款，在施工合同履行中，如果发包人不按时支付预付款，承包人可以( )。A.立即发出解除合同通知B.立即停工并发出通知要求支付预付款C.在合同约定预付时问7天后发出通知要求支付预付款，如仍不能获得预付款，则在发出通知7天后停止施工D.在合同约定预付时间7天后发出通知要求支付预付款，如仍不能获得预付款，则在发出通知之日起停
17、止施工答案C解题要点既然约定了预付款，发包人不按时支付就属于违约，承包人有权停工。10.在施工合同履行中，发包人按合同约定购买了玻璃，现场交货前未通知承包人派代表共同进行现场交货清点，单方检验接收后直接交承包人的仓库保管员保管，施工使用时发现部分玻璃损坏，则应由( )。A.保管员负责赔偿损失B.发包人承担损失责任C.承包人负责赔偿损失D.发包人与承包人共同承担损失责任答案B解题要点发包人在其所供应的材料设备到货前24小时，应以书目形式通知承包人，共同清点。上一页123下一页11.施工合同示范文本通用条款规定，施工中，发包人供应的材料由承包人负责检查试验后用于工程，但随后又发现材料有质量问题，此
18、时应由( )。A.发包人追加合同价款，相应顺延工期B.发包人追加合同价款，工期不予顺延C.承包人承担发生的费用，相应顺延工期D.承包人承担发生的费用，工期不予顺延答案A解题要点发包人供应的材料应对其质量负责，检查试验也不能解除供应人的质量缺陷责任。12.为了保证工程质量，对发包人采购的大宗建筑材料用于施工前，需要进行合同约定的物理和化学抽样检验;对于此项检验应由( )。A.承包人负责检验工作，发包人承担检验费用B.承包人负责检验工作，并承担检验费用C.发包人负责检验工作，并承担检验费用D.发包人负责检验工作，承包人承担检验费用答案A解题要点发包人采购的材料设备，应由承包人负责检验，费用由发包人
19、负责。13.由承包人负责采购的材料设备，到货检验时发现与标准要求不符，承包人按工程师要求进行了重新采购，最后达NT标准要求。处理由此发生的费用和延误的工期的正确方法是( )。A.费用由发包人承担，工期给予顺延B.费用由承包人承担，工期不予顺延C.费用由发包人承担，工期不予顺延D.费用由承包人承担，工期给予顺延答案B解题要点承包人负责采购的材料设备由承包人负责，耽误的工期不予顺延，这是承包人的责任和义务。14.某施工合同的合同工期为20个月，专用条款规定，承包人提前竣工或延误竣工均按月计算奖金和拖期违约赔偿金。施工至第16个月，因承包人投入的机械设备不足导致实际进度滞后，工程师要求承包人修改计划
20、。承包人提交修改后的进度计划竣工时间为第22个月，工程师考虑该计划反映了承包人的实际能力，认可了修改的计划。承包人实际竣工时间为第21个月，则竣工结算时应按( )。A.延误1个月竣工赔偿B.提前1个月竣工奖励C.不追究延误竣工责任，也不给予奖励D.考虑工程师的认可作用，按延误0.5个月赔偿答案A解题要点竣工时间改为第22个月虽然经工程师认可，究其责任是由于承包人引起的，所以计算工期时，仍然用原定的合同工期，21-20=1个月，A正确。15.施工过程中因承包人原因导致工程实际进度滞后于计划进度，承包人按工程师要求采取赶工措施后仍未按合同规定的工期完成施工任务，则此延误的责任应由( )承担。A.工
21、程师B.承包人C.工程师和承包人D.发包人答案B解题要点工程实际进度滞后是承包人原因导致，所以承包人承担延误责任。2008年度全国监理工程师执业资格考试试卷-建设工程监理案例分析真题2008年注册监理工程师考试试卷真题汇总(四科)2009-2-27 11:26:00来源：环球网校频道：监理工程师环球网校()讯，2008年全国注册监理工程师执业资格考试试卷真题日前已公布，现四科真题试卷归纳汇总，以便大家的学习！2008年注册监理工程师考试试卷真题汇总(四科)2008年全国注册监理工程师考试案例分析真题2008年注册监理工程师考试建设工程合同管理真题08年监理工程师考试建设工程质量、投资、进度控制
22、真题2008年注册监理工程师考试基本理论和相关法规真题查看更多内容 监理工程师考试频道 监理工程师考试论坛manipulator control mode and programmable controllers introduction 2.1 Select discussion with manipulator control 2.1.1 classification of control relays and discrete electronic circuit can control old industrial equipment, but also more common. Ma
23、inly these two relatively cheap and you can meet the old-fashioned, simple (or simple) industrial equipment. So he can see them now, however these two control modes (relay and discrete electronic circuits) are these fatal flaws: (1) cannot adapt to the complex logic control, (2) only for the current
24、 project, the lack of compatibility and (3) not reforming the system with equipment improvements. Spring for the development of Chinas modern industrial automation technology the substantial increase in the level of industrial automation, completed the perfect relay of the computer too much. In term
25、s of controlling the computer showed his two great advantages: (1) each of the hardware can be installed on one or more microprocessors; (2) the official designer of the software writing content control is all about. Now in several ways in the context of industrial automation can often be seen in th
26、ree ways: (1) Programmable Logical Controller (referred to as IPC); (2) Distributed Control System (DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable Logical Controller (PLC for short). 2.1.2 PLC and the IPC and DCS contrast contrast 1, each of the three technologies of origins and development requirements f
27、or fast data processing makes it invented the computer. The men brought in terms of hardware there, using a high level of standardization, can use more compatibility tools, is a rich software resources, especially the need for immediacy in operational systems. So the computer can effectively control
28、 is used to control and meet its speed, on the virtual model, real-time and in computational requirements. Distributed system started with a control system for industrial automatic instrument used to control, whereas now it is successfully developed into industrial control computer used as a central
29、 collection and distribution system and transition of distributed control system in analogue handling, loop control, has begun to reflect the use of a huge advantage. Though distributed system has great advantages in loop regulation, but only as a means of continuous process control. Optimization of
30、 PLC is the corresponding relay needs was born, its main use in the work order control, early primary is replaced relay this hulking system, focused on the switch controlling the running order of functions. Marked by the microprocessor in the early 1970 of the 20th century emerged, micro-electronics technology has developed rapidly, people soon microelectronics processing technology will be used in the Programmable Logical Controller (that is