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1、Annual straw consumption is about 300 (15x20) million tons to 450 (15x30) million tonnes. Around each plant to town for curing Center straw briquette factory, about 30, curing each straw briquette factory production capacity of 10,000 tons per year, production of major products supply power plants a
2、nd the rest as ordinary fuel. Chapter III, section I industry investment analysis investment benefit analysis, industry profitability industry benchmark yield to 12%, more than a moderate level of profitability, have higher profitability. Secondly, solvency, with good profitability and, hence, have
3、enough liquidity. Three biomass energy resource in China, industry growth prospects are very experienced and bright prospects for development of biomass power generation industry. On one hand, the sown area of 1.8 billion mu of crops, the year produces 700 million tons of matter. Apart from the part
4、s used in papermaking and livestock feed, and the rest will be done fuel use. The other hand, Chinas current forest area of about 175 million hectares, the forest coverage rate of 18.21%, every year through normal Bush stumping rejuvenation, forest thinning, hedgerow fruit trees and the collection o
5、f forest felling, bucking, processing residues, biomass resources available at about 800 million to 1 billion tons. Theory of biomass energy resource in China close to 1.5 billion tons of standard coal. By 2020, the biomass energy development and utilization of capacity of 500 million tons of standa
6、rd coal, equivalent to more than 15% supplies. And extremely low sulphur content of the biomass 0.3%, 1/4 not to the sulphur content of the coal. Development of biomass solid fuels, implement coal alternatives, significantly reduces the carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide emissions, have a significant
7、 environmental benefit. Second section industry investment opportunities for promoted health material energy of steadily development, September 2006, Treasury, and national development and Reform Committee, and Ministry of agriculture, and national tax General, and national forestry Council joint in
8、troduced has on development biological quality energy and biological chemical tax support policy of implementation views, in risk avoid and compensation, and raw materials base grants, and model grants, and tax relief, aspects for development biological quality energy and biological chemical develop
9、ed has specific of tax support policy. In addition, since the renewable energy law came into effect on January 1, 2006, making a complete set of administrative rules and regulations also promulgated. On October 4, 2006 of the Ministry of the interim measures for the administration of special funds f
10、or renewable energy development, the approach of special funds to support key, application and approval, financial management, checking and supervision of comprehensive provisions. The regulations: development of special funds established by the financial departments of the State Council, the use of
11、 special funds for the development include free grants and subsidized loans, through the central financial budget. According to the role of biomass energy and the countrys status quo, is currently focused on the development of the project are as follows: (1) recent development priorities: biomass ga
12、sification and gas, biomass gasification power generation, large biogas, biomass direct combustion heating (2) medium-and long-term development projects: height of biomass gasification power generation project (BIG/CC), the production of hydrogen from biomass such as resource in China close to 1.5 b
13、illion tons of standard coal. By 2020, the biomass energy development and utilization of capacity of 500 million tons of standard coal, equivalent to more than 15% supplies. And extremely low sulphur content of the biomass 0.3%, 1/4 not to the sulphur content of the coal. Development of biomass soli
14、d fuels, implement coal alternatives, significantly reduces the carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide emissions, have a significant environmental benefit. Second section industry investment opportunities for promoted health material energy of steadily development, September 2006, Treasury, and national
15、development and Reform Committee, and Ministry of agriculture, and national tax General, and national forestry Council joint introduced has on development biological quality energy and biological chemical tax support policy of implementation views, in risk avoid and compensation, and raw materials b
16、ase grants, and model grants, and tax relief, aspects for development biological quality energy and biological chemical developed has specific of tax support policy. In addition, since the中大网校引领成功职业人生 2010年公路工程造价师技术与计量(土建)练习试题总分：100分 及格：60分 考试时间：120分共40题，每题1分。每题的备选答案中，只有一个最符合题意(1)材料构造越密实、越均匀，则其（）。(2
17、)当路线经过地形平坦地区，地面水或浅层地下水无法排除影响地基稳定，而下面又有透水土层时，可设置（）。(3)钻孔灌注桩基础中的摩擦桩，如无冲刷时，其人土深度不得小于（）(若有冲届时，其入土深度应自局部冲刷线算起)。(4)水泥混凝土路面的横向缩缝采用（）。(5)高速公路、一级公路路基零填及挖方地段，路床顶面以下3080cm的路基压实度应不小于（）。(6)钻孔灌注桩灌注混凝土的高程，应（）。(7)材料的密度是指材料在（）状态下单位体积的质量。(8)桥涵工程钢筋采用搭接式电弧焊接时，单面焊的焊缝长度应不小于（）。(9)根据FIDIC通用合同条款第171款第4项第3目规定，由监理工程师派出人员单方面进行
18、的工程计量，经监理工程师批准的应认为是正确的工程计量，可以用作支付的依据，承包人对此种计量（）。(10)修建钻孔灌注桩群桩基础时，其承台的厚度宜不小于（）。(11)按照公路工程技术标准(JTG B01-2003)的分类标准，中桥指单孔跨径长度L0为（）。(12)道路交通主标志分为（）种。(13)（）沉桩法适用于碎石土基础。(14)埋置式桥台适用于（）的桥梁。(15)作为路基的最理想填方材料是（）。(16)适用于梁、板桥的柱式、框架式、肋型埋置式桥台?由（）组成。(17)垂直图的缺点不包括（）。(18)定额中所指的钻孔长度应为（）。(19)公路路基的强度是指路基在（）作用下，抵抗变形破坏的能力。
19、(20)按照公路工程技术标准(JTG B01-2003)的分类标准，中桥指多孑L跨径总长为（）。(21)在沥青面层与半刚性基层或粒料基层之间应设置（）。(22)在公路工程计量中，质量的计量单位正确的是（）。(23)试桩不论是检验荷载或破坏荷载，均以经监理人验收或认可的（）试桩计量。(24)桥面铺装的作用是（）。(25)级配碎石路面属于（）。(26)建筑材料按其化学组成可分为（）。(27)防眩设施工程计量中中，下列叙述错误的是（）。(28)挖孔灌注桩的挖孔深度不宜大于（）。(29)构造物在上部荷重和结构形式差别很大处或下部地基承载力变化悬殊处，应设置（）。(30)缆索护栏属于（）。(31)高等级
20、公路常用的涵洞结构形式有（）种。(32)下列（）属于公路路基防护与加固工程中的坡面防护。(33)钻孔灌注桩水下混凝土每立方米的水泥用量，一般宜不小于（）。(34)按现行规范，开配沥青混合料的设计空隙率为（）。(35)网络图中的虚箭线表示（）。(36)高速公路和一级公路下路床的压实度不小于（）。(37)（）是一种传统的施工方法。它是以木或钢构件作为临时支撑，待隧道开挖成型后，逐步将临时支撑撤换下来，而代之以整体式厚衬砌作为永久性支护的施工方法。(38)高速公路和一级公路在需要时，设置的爬坡车道和变速车道宽度应为（）。(39)高速、一级公路填方路基在路床顶面以下深度080cm及零填及挖方路床顶面以
21、下030cm的填料的最大粒径为（）cm。(40)桥涵工程钢筋采用搭接式电弧焊接时，双面焊的焊缝长度应不小于（）。共20题，每题1.5分。每题的备选答案中，有两个或两个以上符合题；错选，不得分；少选，但选择正确的每个选项得0.5分(1)无机结合料稳定类基层所用的无机结合材料，目前常用的是（）。(2)公路与铁路平面交叉，设计时应符合下列（）要求。(3)沥青混合料高温稳定性评价方法有（）。(4)当采用不同性质的土填筑路基时，正确的填筑方式应满足（）要求。(5)高速公路和一级公路热拌沥青混合料的配合比设计包括（）。(6)在隧道的新奥法施工中，对洞身的开挖爆破技术有（）。(7)下列（）是施工组织规划设计
22、的内容。(8)计量时监理工程师还应完成的工作有（）。(9)桥涵基础施工围堰中，（）适用于水深4.0m以上的工程。(10)计量必须做到（）。(11)拱桥中常用的拱架有（）。(12)在靠近城镇人烟稠密地区、著名风景区和旅游区，一般选用（）隔离栅。(13)路面排水设施的组成有（）。(14)下列（）属于公路工程的临时工程(即常称为大型临时工程)。(15)对水泥混凝土路面路面的基本要求是（）。(16)软土处治措施中的砂垫层往往与其他处治措施配合使用，如（）。(17)常用的地下排水体有（）。(18)绘制双代号网络图的基本规则包括（）。(19)工程计量的组织类型一般有（）。(20)对于湿处挖基应考虑排水问题
23、，较常用的方法有（）。共30题，每题1分。请根据判断结果，用“”表示正确，用“”表示错误。不答不得分。(1)提高路基的强度和稳定性，可适当地减薄路面结构层厚度，从而达到降低造价的目的。 （）(2)压实质量以压实度K表示，即工地最大干密度与干密度之比。（）(3)中间带由两侧路缘带及中央分隔带组成。（）(4)公路工程施工组织方式中的流水作业法是指同一专业队或作业班组，完成一个工程项目之后，再接着去完成另一个同类工程项目。（）(5)新奥法的基本理论依据是，隧道开挖后受爆破影响，造成围岩体破裂形成松弛状态，随时都有可能塌落。（）(6)煤沥青不宜用于沥青面层，一般仅作为透层沥青使用。（）(7)砂粒式沥青
24、混凝土混合料仅适用于通行非机动车及行人的路面工程。（）(8)当其他等级公路修建高级路面时，其路基压实度应采用高速公路、一级公路的规定值。 （）(9)水泥混凝土路面的横向缩缝、胀缝和横向施工缝均应设置传力杆。（）(10)级配碎石、填隙碎石适用于各级公路路面的基层和底基层。（）(11)新奥法施工的基本原则可以归纳为“少扰动、早支撑、慎撤换、快衬砌”。（）(12)一级公路与其他各级公路交叉宜采用立体交叉。（）(13)河床铺砌、顺坝、丁坝、调水坝及锥坡砌筑等工程及抛石防护，应分别按图纸尺寸和监理人的指示，按实际完成并经验收的数量，以立方米计量。（）(14)预应力连续梁桥的施工方法，一般采用预制安装和转
25、体施工方法较多。（）(15)高速公路，一、二级公路的排水垫层应铺至路基同宽，以利于路面结构排水，保持路基稳定。三、四级公路的垫层宽度可比底基层每侧至少宽25cm。（）(16)工序的总时差为零，而其自由时差不一定为零。（）(17)混凝土强度等级是指边长为15cm的立方体混凝土试块，在标准养护条件下，养护28天的抗压极限强度。（）(18)施工组织设计是编制工程造价的依据。（）(19)在公路基本建设工程中，需要设置的大型拌和站有：厂拌稳定土、沥青混合料和水泥混凝土拌和站三种。（）(20)梁式桥标准跨径是指以两个桥墩中线之间的距离或桥墩中线与台背前缘之间的距离。（）(21)公路不仅要有平顺的线形、和缓
26、的纵坡，而且要有稳定坚实的路基、平整耐用的路面、牢固可靠的人工构造物，以及其他必要的防护工程和附属设施。（）(22)单孔跨径5m的钢筋混凝土盖板式结构，属于涵洞范围。（）(23)无论通常和当地的习惯如何(除非合同中另有规定)，计量必须以净值为准。（）(24)目前我国的公路路面，绝大多数均属柔性路面，如沥青混凝土路面。（）(25)公路路基断面土、石方计算中，除扣除桥梁、隧道等构造物段的工程量外，还应扣除路面结构层的等量工程量。（）(26)沥青面层不得在雨天施工，当施工中遇雨时，应停止施工。（）(27)钻孔灌注桩水中施工，无论是否采用围堰筑岛，均按水中桩计量。（）(28)沥青贯人式路面属于铺装路面
27、。（）(29)路床指路面底面以下80cm范围内路基部分。（）(30)喷射混凝土有干法喷射和湿法喷射两种，应注意做好材料的回收利用。（）答案和解析共40题，每题1分。每题的备选答案中，只有一个最符合题意(1) :B(2) :D(3) :A(4) :A(5) :D(6) :A(7) :C(8) :B(9) :D(10) :C(11) :C(12) :C(13) :C(14) :C(15) :D(16) :B(17) :B(18) :D(19) :B(20) :D(21) :A(22) :C(23) :A(24) :C(25) :B(26) :A(27) :C(28) :C(29) :B(30) :
28、D(31) :A(32) :C(33) :B(34) :D(35) :D(36) :A(37) :A(38) :C(39) :B(40) :A共20题，每题1.5分。每题的备选答案中，有两个或两个以上符合题；错选，不得分；少选，但选择正确的每个选项得0.5分(1) :A, B, C, D(2) :A, B, C(3) :A, B, C, D(4) :A, C, D(5) :A, B, D(6) :A, C(7) :B, C, D(8) :A, B, C, D, E(9) :B, C(10) :A, B, C, D(11) :A, C, D(12) :B, D(13) :A, B, C, D(1
29、4) :C, D(15) :A, B, C, D(16) :A, B(17) :A, B, C(18) :C, D(19) :C, D, E(20) :A, D共30题，每题1分。请根据判断结果，用“”表示正确，用“”表示错误。不答不得分。(1) :0(2) :0(3) :1(4) :0(5) :0(6) :1(7) :0(8) :1(9) :0(10) :0(11) :0(12) :0(13) :1(14) :0(15) :1(16) :0(17) :1(18) :1(19) :1(20) :1(21) :1(22) :0(23) :1(24) :1(25) :0(26) :1(27) :0
30、(28) :0(29) :1(30) :1Added. Finally, foreign investment risk, there are also opportunities. Financial crisis caused the stock and corporate bond prices plummeted, early Chinese banks foreign exchange assets in the foreign exchange reserves investment and losses, but at present the international pric
31、es of many financial assets in a low, to promote foreign mergers and acquisitions in China and promoting enterprise going out diversified cooperation, actively explore overseas resources and markets and opportunities. Meanwhile, in response to the adverse impact of world economic crisis on China, th
32、e State Council announced 10 measures to expand domestic demand and promote growth over the next two years the implementation of these measures will take about 4 trillion yuan central budget support. The 4 trillion yuan investment has an inkling, transportation, forestry, water conservancy, peoples
33、livelihood, environmental protection and other areas will be skewed. Increased investment will play a significant role in promoting Chinas economic growth, at the same time, there should be other pro-growth measures rolled out. A series of positive measures by the State and function of 4 trillion th
34、e Central Treasury, our economy will be sustained, stable and rapid development gradually. Section II market analysis of technical feasibility of biomass fuel shaping technology and equipment is the core of industrialization of biomass briquette fuel. Biomass briquetting technology refers to a certa
35、in temperature and under pressure, will be scattered and various shapes of biomass raw materials into high density, with a variety of fuels technology. Biomass briquetting equipment including screw-extrusion molding machines, mechanical piston stamping forming machine, ring die-roll and hydraulic pi
36、ston stamping molding machines. Mechanical piston forming and hydraulic piston forming machine total up production efficiency low energy high, former of productivity low, actual productivity in 100-200 kg, main work parts life low not for industrialization production; which main work parts life long
37、, but highest production capacity lower energy high; from technology index view, ring die roll pressure type forming machine production rate highest, energy low, products cost low, while technology content also high, for Yu scale production promotion. Since in the 1980 of the 20th century, Chinas bi
38、o-technology research and development have made great progress, national research and production equipment of enterprises or research institutes has dozens of homes. Chinas industrialization of biomass briquette fuel prototype is formed, however, to be mature and realize industrialization, you first
39、 need to overcome some constraints, some technical obstacles. Includes the main working parts of the short working life, poor ability to coordinate equipment systems, running unstable, and so on. Also, due to the lack of effective industrial practices, solid biomass industry is still in its infancy
40、in China. Biomass fuel shaping technology, stable performance and low power consumption of the device is the core of industrialization of biomass fuel, good industry and the Governments support and the necessary funding is a prerequisite for industrialization of biomass briquette fuel. To compress b
41、iomass briquette processing cost, you will need to yield power, vulnerable performance and low cost, labor cost, control three aspects. Meanwhile, burning of biomass is also on the industrys core technology, generally, because of biomass fuels to replace coal, can be used, in fact, due to biomass中大网校 “十佳网络教育机构”、 “十佳职业培训机构” 网址：