混凝土双曲拱桥施工.doc

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1、混凝土双曲拱桥施工双曲拱桥因其施工工艺简单，投资节省、工艺易为群众掌握等特点而广泛应用在农村公路桥梁项目上，结合我县南屏公园大桥（5孔20米）、云龙大桥（3孔30米）等几座农村公路桥的施工谈谈几点体会：一、拱 肋 1、拱肋放样 小跨径的圆弧拱多彩用圆心推磨法放样。 在较平坦的地方，加以平整，在适当的位置，用钢尺丈量出净跨径L0，定出A、B线。 在A、B线的中点上找出C点，沿AB线作垂线找出D点，使C、D等于拱矢高f，联结A、D点或B、D点，并在其1/2处定出E、F点，在E、F点上作垂线与CD延线相交于0点，即为圆心。 将钢尺一端固定放在圆心0上，另一端放在1点上，慢慢向2点移动，定出圆弧上其他

2、各点大致位置，钉以木桩，再重复移动一次，得出各点准确位置，并再钉上小圆钉，以之固定，得出圆弧拱内弧。 按上述方法，放出圆弧拱的外弧，半径要增加拱助的高度。 各肋的弦长、弘长及拱矢高相互校核，以求一致。拱肋放样时，应将横隔板的预留筋或预留孔、吊环等位置同时放出。 2、拱肋预制 拱肋预制安装，能节省大量支架木材，加快施工速度，因此，在可能的情况下，应尽量采用预制安装。 预制方法：按模板设置的位置，可分为立式预制和卧式预制两种；按模板材料又可分为土模预制和木模预制，也有用砖砌来代替土模。 土模预制法 立式土牛拱胎 选择一块较平坦的预制场，浇筑场地，要求平整密实，注意排水畅通，防止地基沉陷而发生构件变

3、形。场地要考虑以后便于浇筑好的拱肋运输，按照拱肋预制长度及拱度填筑土牛，土牛填土需分层夯实，使上达到最佳密实度，将表面做成所需拱度，铺上一层1-3CM厚的石灰三合土，投井下石紧抹平，作为拱肋底模，或在土牛表面抹上1CM厚的水泥砂浆或铺上一层油毛毡，为了便于固定拱肋的侧面模板，可用短小钢筋打入土牛内定位。 卧式土模预制 在平整后的预制场地上，根据拱肋尺寸大小，弧度半径，或者坐标数据进行放样开挖土模，在开挖过程中要随时用样板进行检查校正，土模壁仔细修正成型后，用油毛毡铺满楼壁，并用圆钉临时固定。 土模做成之后，应立即进行浇筑混凝土，以防下面积水及模壁坍垮、变形。 用人工浇筑混凝土，以防下面积水及模

4、壁坍垮、变形。 用人工浇筑混凝土时，应分层插扦捣实，并注意不要把土模壁面捣坏。在有条件的情况下，可用砖砌模壁代替土壁。 木模预制法 立式木模预制拱肋：这种方法使用木料较多，技术要求较严，浇筑混凝土插实震捣均不及卧式方便，但占用场地少，在预制场地受限制时可采用。 卧式木模预制拱肋：这种方法便于插实震捣，施工操作方便，且比立式模板省木料，仅占用场地较多。 拱肋模板，应能保证在混凝土侧压力作用时不致变形。卧浇模板一般用2-2.5cm木板拼成接头圆顺的弧形；立式浇筑用3-4cm厚木板拼成弧形侧面摸。卧浇倒T形拱肋的挖去部分可用粘土砖或其他材料垫砌。 每段拱肋应一次浇成，应注意加强养生。 拱肋侧模的脱模

5、时间。应在混凝土强度能保证其表面及棱角不因拆模而受损坏时进行。 3、拱肋安装 人抬法：一般小桥、河水不深，低墩台，便于人工搬运，可采有答抬法安装，拱肋就位后，用木楔调整好拱度，即可用混凝土填塞拱坐空缝，稳定拱肋。 导练（神仙葫芦）吊装：在跨中上下游各搭设一三角架，架高为安装后的肋顶高和导练工作所需高度，三角架上放一横梁，横梁上吊导练，导练可随拱肋位置左右移动，横梁下加设木撑木，以减少横梁挠度，拱助运至桥跨中后，即可通过导练吊起就位。 扒杆吊装：这种方法设备简单，安装速度快，操作安全。根据具体情况，可采用独脚扒杆或人字扒杆。 独脚扒杆：小跨径桥，可在两个桥台上，各立一个独脚扒杆，由两个扒杆共同吊

6、一根拱肋，当拱肋重量不大，又是干枯河滩时，可只在桥孔中，设一独脚扒杆进行吊装。 摇头扒杆：当拱肋较重时，水平位移较大，可在一岸桥台上或河中立一摇头扒杆吊装拱肋。 人字扒杆：干枯河床的小跨径，可在桥孔中，立人字扒杆，将拱肋运至跨中，再将扒杆的俯角对准吊装位置，进行起吊。 二、拱 波 1、拱波预制 一般采用立模或土模浇筑方法。 立模浇筑拱波方法 立模两侧为弧形模板，模板高度根据设计拱波宽度而定。内侧要求光滑，有的钉上簿铁皮。浇筑混凝土前必须将模板内侧洗净，需要时涂上肥泉水或废柴油等，以利脱模，浇筑混凝土时必须用钢钎插实12d达到强度方可拆模。此法拱波质量好，尺寸准确。但使用木料较多。 土模预制拱波

7、方法 仰制：用土槽垫油毛毡作底板，以木框架作边板，仰制拱波混凝土较密实，抬运时，不易折断，拱腹通过抹平光滑美观，但拱波脚处砂浆易于流失，产生蜂窝，因混凝土收缩，往往使拱波脚缩短一些，在拆模时较困难。 俯制：较多采用，以夯实的土牛拱胎垫油毛毡作底，拱胎脚高出地面1020cm，安装拱脚模板，用石块垫起或钉木条，用小木桩固定，使其符合要求。浇灌混凝土时，按设计拱波宽度用模板隔开分别浇灌混凝土，由于在波顶灌注混凝土，砂浆易下流，在浇筑时要注意。用土模方法浇制拱波工艺简单，节省木料，容易掌握。 2、拱波安装、砌筑 拱波安装：一般采用人工抬运，在有设备情况下，可采用摇头扒杆。 人工抬运：根据每块拱波重量，

8、以2-4人抬运为宜，为防止拱波块折裂，可用简易木托架抬运，当拱波抬运至一定位置，用撬棍轻轻撬动，使其就位。 用摇头扒杆吊装拱波：将摇头扒杆坐放在桥台顶上，可进行180旋转，吊装时应注意不要碰坏拱波。这种方法设备简单，容易掌握。 砌筑方法：安砌拱波，必须对称均衡进行。一般先从两拱脚对称均衡地向拱顶方向安砌，一次砌完合扰。 拱波庆在拱肋强度或其间隔缝混凝土强度达到设计强度50%后开始砌筑。拱波与拱肋间的接触面须凿毛清洗，用稠度较大的水泥砂浆安砌，灰缝要饱满。如发现接触面高低不一时，应凿平修整，然后坐浆安砌，禁止用重叠石块垫塞，拱波与拱波间的灰缝宽度一般为12cm不宜太宽，同一孔的拱波灰缝，在横桥向

9、宜前后错开，安砌前，应将全部拱波进行检查并洒水润湿，不合规格的不准使用。 3、拱板 拱肋伸向拱板的剪刀钢筋，宜与拱板钢筋焊接，使主拱圈各组层连成整体。当拱板设有钢筋网时，拱板的横向钢筋与拱肋的锚固钢筋联结后，在拱波背面宜用小石块垫塞绷紧，以提高拱波与拱肋的联结强度。 现洪拱波（或填平层）时，应按规定的施工程序进行。一般先浇筑波沟内的混凝土（填平层），但也可将填平层与拱板同时一次浇筑。浇筑前应先将拱波背面的浮浆铲除干净，波沟与肋面凿毛清洗，波背洒水润湿，钢筋网上须搭设跳板，以免施工时踩踏下陷，导致钢筋变形。4、预制混凝土构件预制构件应做好以下各式试验和检查工作： 砂石材料的质量检验（强度、级配、

10、含泥量、含水率等）； 钢筋和电焊的质量检验； 对混凝土设计配合比和强度的检验； 浇筑前要全面检查模板制作的质量，钢筋制作和除锈质量以及预埋的数量和位置，在浇筑过程中还应注意模板和钢筋是否有变形； 浇筑过程中应检查施工配合比和坍落度，并按规定浇制混凝土试件；一般每批（指同一种配合比的混凝土）不少于一组（三块），在材料、配合比改变、气候不同以及要根据强度决定脱模或起吊的主要构件时，应增加试件数量； 脱模后应检查混凝土的表面质量和规格。 对于各项试验和检查，均应做好记录，作为工程验收的依据。 5、构件尺寸精度要求 构件尺寸精度要求表 构件名称 项目 精度要求 拱肋 每段拱肋内弧长或内弦长误差 不大于

11、5mm 拱肋外弧弧长误差 +0 不大于 -10mm 拱肋内弧偏离放样线或样板 不大于10mm 拱肋的宽度和高度误差 +10 不大于 -5mm 每段拱肋侧面挠曲 不大于10mm 拱肋脚或接头处的尺寸和方向（经修整后） 应与样板符合 横系梁、横隔板预埋钢筋或预留孔位置误差 不大于10mm 同一横隔板或横系梁处预留孔或预埋钢筋间距误差 不大于10mm 拱波及腹拱波 长度误差 +20 不大于-10mm 同一块最大与最小宽度之差 不大于20mm 厚度误差 +10 不大于-5mm 平整度 +20 不大于-10mm 内弧线与放样偏差 不大于10mm 其他构件 长度误差 +20 不大于 -10mm 宽度误差

12、不大于10mm 厚度误差 厚10mm以下不大于5mm 厚10mm以下不大于10mm 外露面凹凸 在3m长度内不大于5mm 曲线或直线偏离或弯曲 不大于长度的1/500 注：栏杆构件容许误差和表面平整度应较表列对其它构件的要求提高； 人行道、侧墙等采用拼砌勾缝的构件，其长度和宽度的容许误差为表列其它构件容许误差的1/2。 （英文版 ） Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implemen

13、tation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party mem

14、bers and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line . Here, the main from four square face

15、two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulat

16、ions modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. and revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading

17、cadres honest politics several guidelines and column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, whi

18、ch reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the partys leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the and , reflects the partys 18 and the eighth session of the third, the

19、 spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the partys eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of in based on revised, the pro

20、mulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, eight pr

21、ohibition, 52 are not allowed to hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary

22、regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to clean the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. is in 1997 based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementa

23、tion, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law

24、and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main di

25、scipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to and the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Par

26、ty members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Se

27、ssion of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Com

28、mittee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the prov

29、ince (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members.

30、Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissio

31、ns of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In Octo

32、ber 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two l

33、aws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, and revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the partys eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and Gener

34、al Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised and , highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent and . Main principle is: first, adhere t

35、o the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that no rules, no side round. Par

36、ty constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the

37、general rules, but also the general rules. the revision of the and is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and p

38、arty rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue de, mainly refers to the partys ideals and beliefs, excell

39、ent traditional style. The revised the closely linked to the self-discipline, insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the vital few, emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised J

40、i method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a negative list, emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discip

41、line requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make

42、 clearly defined, especially the partys eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designat

43、ed position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the and modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present s

44、tage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common re

45、quirements. One is closely linked to the self-discipline, removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, eight prohibition 52 are not allowed to about the content of the negative list moved into synchronization amendment . Three is for all the part

46、y members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requireme

47、nts than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised is the ruling Party since the first insists on a positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National People