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1、金 华 职 业 技 术 学 院JINHUA COLLEGE OF PROFESSION AND TECHNOLOGY噪声控制技术实验报告专 业 环境监测与减排技术 班 级 环保123 组 号 五组 组 长 冯侃 成 员 金政博 娄三元 成 绩 2014 年 6 月 27 日实验一 校园噪声监测实验一、实验目的：1、训练学生独立完成环境噪声监测任务的能力；2、使学生学会熟练声级计的使用方法；3、训练对非稳态的无规则噪声监测数据的处理方法，对监测结果的分析和评价能力。 二、实验任务：1、确定环境噪声监测方案；2、对环境噪声进行监测；3、数据处理，以合理的方式表示监测结果；4、写出环境监测实训报告，
2、并对环境质量进行简单评价。三、实验地点：金华职业技术学院四、实验组织：将整班学生分为17组，每组3个人，一个组长。学生在指导老师的带领下进行具体操作。五、实验内容和过程：1、制订噪声监测方案（1）将学校（或某一地区）划分2525m的网格，测量点选在每个网格的中心，若中心点的位置不宜测量，可移到旁边能够测量的位置。（2）每组3人配置一台声级计，顺序到各网点测量。（3）读数方式用慢档，每隔5秒读一个瞬时A声级，连续读取200个数据。读数同时要判断和记录附近主要噪声来源（如交通噪声、施工噪声、工厂或车间噪声、锅炉噪声）和天气条件。2、数据处理环境噪声是随时间而起伏的无规律噪声，因此测量结果一般用统计
3、值或等效声级来表示，本实验用等效声级表示。（1）将各网点每一次的测量数据（200个）顺序排列找出L10、L50、L90，求出等效声级Leq，再将该网点一整天的各次Leq值求出算术平均值，作为该网点的环境噪声评价量。（2）以5dB为一等级，用不同颜色或阴影线绘制学校（或某一地区）噪声污染图。71号点的数据66.563.157.454.178.472.668.366.356.362.458.353.453.954.855.860.858.460.159.559.153.952.651.851.658.156.054.751.851.250.365.151.956.855.052.553.254.1
4、56.151.250.050.849.749.250.258.154.255.856.259.153.253.354.554.554.355.558.754.951.250.368.765.256.256.356.054.652.653.659.856.352.454.654.253.658.456.454.859.456.354.255.052.356.354.251.354.958.659.356.556.455.556.356.455.557.656.554.258.759.056.859.353.658.655.956.357.851.255.356.050.354.356.258.2
5、54.355.456.055.958.658.259.958.254.656.251.857.658.453.859.054.153.256.352.053.556.354.251.658.252.654.359.358.659.352.354.657.859.354.654.654.654.652.354.859.354.354.857.658.454.652.858.354.654.858.358.454.658.656.854.658.056.452.059.352.654.555.256.354.569.359.354.358.458.558.556.352.058.258.352.6
6、55.255.355.860.358.253.252.658.558.252.658.654.555.8由表中数据可知：L10=62.4,L50=50.0,L90=58.172号点的数据65.363.563.258.569.352.362.363.869.269.159.965.562.368.469.367.161.262.565.563.564.268.269.265.360.263.165.264.165.269.465.468.364.262.163.265.263.562.363.263.269.368.568.264.565.262.365.364.268.367.665.463.
7、264.568.567.262.363.563.265.364.562.363.564.968.368.364.365.563.364.568.762.362.362.365.667.262.368.263.365.262.565.268.467.565.365.360.360.365.368.469.365.365.565.468.567.565.060.365.362.364.362.368.369.368.562.363.065.564.262.362.565.368.564.265.468.468.462.863.869.862.864.562.562.569.364.562.862.
8、968.364.562.565.862.862.660.365.268.568.262.365.260.568.564.269.562.562.568.568.362.562.365.868.668.565.562.562.362.562.568.164.568.269.269.269.362.362.368.364.268.462.369.569.563.268.368.262.363.268.264.263.568.558.565.363.568.563.565.565.963.565.563.565.563.663.662.463.863.269.663.362.563.5由表中数据可知
9、：L10=56.3,L50=58.2,L90=55.073号点的数据68.668.363.263.365.260.263.562.363.564.263.565.562.368.469.367.161.262.565.563.563.268.269.265.360.263.165.264.165.269.466.368.364.262.163.265.263.562.363.263.269.368.568.264.565.262.365.364.268.367.665.463.264.568.567.262.363.563.265.364.562.363.564.968.368.364.365
10、.563.364.568.762.362.362.365.667.262.368.263.365.262.565.268.467.565.365.360.360.365.368.469.365.365.565.468.567.565.060.365.362.364.362.368.369.368.562.363.065.564.262.362.565.368.564.265.468.468.462.863.869.862.864.562.562.569.364.562.862.968.364.562.565.862.862.660.365.268.568.262.365.260.568.564
11、.269.562.562.568.568.362.562.365.868.668.565.562.562.362.562.568.164.568.269.269.269.362.362.368.364.268.462.369.569.563.268.368.262.363.268.264.263.568.558.565.363.568.563.565.565.963.565.563.563.263.865.364.368.268.369.363.264.568.3由表中数据可知：L10=64.4,L50=65.8,L90=58.774号点的数据65.363.563.258.569.352.36
12、2.363.869.269.159.965.562.368.469.367.161.262.565.563.564.268.269.265.360.263.165.264.165.269.465.468.364.262.163.265.263.562.363.263.269.368.568.264.565.262.365.364.268.367.665.463.264.568.567.262.363.563.265.364.562.363.564.968.368.364.365.563.364.568.762.362.362.365.667.262.368.263.365.262.565.26
13、8.467.565.365.360.360.365.368.469.365.365.565.468.567.565.060.365.362.364.362.368.369.368.562.363.065.564.262.362.565.368.564.265.468.468.462.863.869.862.864.562.562.569.364.562.862.968.364.562.565.862.862.660.365.268.568.262.365.260.568.564.269.562.562.568.568.362.562.365.868.668.565.562.562.362.56
14、2.568.164.568.269.269.269.362.362.368.364.268.462.369.569.563.268.368.262.363.268.264.263.568.558.565.363.568.563.565.565.963.565.563.565.563.663.662.463.863.269.663.362.563.5由表中数据可知：L10=60.0,L50=54.2,L90=55.175号点的数据66.563.157.454.178.472.668.366.356.362.458.353.453.954.855.860.858.460.159.559.153.9
15、52.651.851.658.156.054.751.851.250.365.151.956.855.052.553.254.156.151.250.050.849.749.250.258.154.255.856.259.153.253.354.554.554.355.558.754.951.250.368.765.256.256.356.054.652.653.659.856.352.454.654.253.658.456.454.859.456.354.255.052.356.354.251.354.958.659.356.556.455.556.356.455.557.656.554.2
16、58.759.056.859.353.658.655.956.357.851.255.356.050.354.356.258.254.355.456.055.958.658.259.958.254.656.251.857.658.453.859.054.153.256.352.053.556.354.251.658.252.654.359.358.659.352.354.657.859.354.654.654.654.652.354.859.354.354.857.658.454.652.858.354.654.858.358.454.658.656.854.658.056.452.059.3
17、52.654.555.256.354.569.359.354.358.458.558.556.352.058.258.352.655.255.355.860.358.253.252.658.558.252.658.654.555.8由表中数据可知：L10=48.4,L50=47.5,L90=50.176号点的数据68.265.364.252.353.254.668.363.356.362.458.353.453.954.855.860.858.460.159.559.153.952.651.851.658.156.054.751.851.250.365.151.956.855.052.553.
18、254.156.151.250.050.849.749.250.258.154.255.856.259.153.253.354.554.554.355.558.754.951.250.368.765.256.256.356.054.652.653.659.856.352.454.654.253.658.456.454.859.456.354.255.052.356.354.251.354.958.659.356.556.455.556.356.455.557.656.554.258.759.056.859.353.658.655.956.357.851.255.356.050.354.356.
19、258.254.355.456.055.958.658.259.958.254.656.251.857.658.453.859.054.153.256.352.053.556.354.251.658.252.654.359.358.659.352.354.657.859.354.654.654.654.652.354.859.354.354.857.658.454.652.858.354.654.858.358.454.658.656.854.658.056.452.059.352.654.555.256.354.569.359.354.358.458.558.556.352.058.258.
20、352.655.255.355.860.358.253.252.658.558.252.658.654.555.8由表中数据可知：L10=64.4,L50=55.8,L90=58.777号点的数据66.563.157.454.178.472.668.366.356.362.458.353.453.954.855.860.858.460.159.559.153.952.651.851.658.156.054.751.851.250.365.151.956.855.052.553.254.156.151.250.050.849.749.250.258.154.255.856.259.153.253
21、.354.554.554.355.558.754.951.250.368.765.256.256.356.054.652.653.659.856.352.454.654.253.658.456.454.859.456.354.255.052.356.354.251.354.958.659.356.556.455.556.356.455.557.656.554.258.759.056.859.353.658.655.956.357.851.255.356.050.354.356.258.254.355.456.055.958.658.259.958.254.656.251.857.658.453
22、.859.054.153.256.352.053.556.354.251.658.252.654.359.358.659.352.354.657.859.354.654.654.654.652.354.859.354.354.857.658.454.652.858.354.654.858.358.454.658.656.854.658.056.452.059.352.654.555.256.354.569.359.354.358.458.558.556.352.058.258.352.655.255.355.860.358.253.252.658.558.252.658.654.555.8由表
23、中数据可知：L10=63.8,L50=56.0,L90=56.478号点的数据60.563.365.354.263.268.363.564.266.263.566.553.453.954.855.860.858.460.159.559.153.952.651.851.658.156.054.751.851.250.365.151.956.855.052.553.254.156.151.250.050.849.749.250.258.154.255.856.259.153.253.354.554.554.355.558.754.951.250.368.765.256.256.356.054.65
24、2.653.659.856.352.454.654.253.658.456.454.859.456.354.255.052.356.354.251.354.958.659.356.556.455.556.356.455.557.656.554.258.759.056.859.353.658.655.956.357.851.255.356.050.354.356.258.254.355.456.055.958.658.259.958.254.656.251.857.658.453.859.054.153.256.352.053.556.354.251.658.252.654.359.358.65
25、9.352.354.657.859.354.654.654.654.652.354.859.354.354.857.658.454.652.858.354.654.858.358.454.658.656.854.658.056.452.059.352.654.555.256.354.569.359.354.358.458.558.556.352.058.258.352.655.255.355.860.358.253.252.658.558.252.658.654.555.8由表中数据可知：L10=61.6,L50=53.1,L90=59.879号点的数据66.563.157.454.178.4
26、72.668.366.356.362.458.353.453.954.855.860.858.460.159.559.153.952.651.851.658.156.054.751.851.250.365.151.956.855.052.553.254.156.151.250.050.849.749.250.258.154.255.856.259.153.253.354.554.554.355.558.754.951.250.368.765.256.256.356.054.652.653.659.856.352.454.654.253.658.456.454.859.456.354.255.0
27、52.356.354.251.354.958.659.356.556.455.556.356.455.557.656.554.258.759.056.859.353.658.655.956.357.851.255.356.050.354.356.258.254.355.456.055.958.658.259.958.254.656.251.857.658.453.859.054.153.256.352.053.556.354.251.658.252.654.359.358.659.352.354.657.859.354.654.654.654.652.354.859.354.354.857.6
28、58.454.652.858.354.654.858.358.454.658.656.854.658.056.452.059.352.654.555.256.354.569.359.354.358.458.558.556.352.058.258.352.655.255.355.860.358.253.252.658.558.252.658.654.555.8由表中数据可知：L10=64.0,L50=48.7,L90=60.180号点的数据55.250.253.354.150.352.353.354.256.352.353.353.453.954.855.860.858.460.159.559.
29、153.952.651.851.658.156.054.751.851.250.365.151.956.855.052.553.254.156.151.250.050.849.749.250.258.154.255.856.259.153.253.354.554.554.355.558.754.951.250.368.765.256.256.356.054.652.653.659.856.352.454.654.253.658.456.454.859.456.354.255.052.356.354.251.354.958.659.356.556.455.556.356.455.557.656.
30、554.258.759.056.859.353.658.655.956.357.851.255.356.050.354.356.258.254.355.456.055.958.658.259.958.254.656.251.857.658.453.859.054.153.256.352.053.556.354.251.658.252.654.359.358.659.352.354.657.859.354.654.654.654.652.354.859.354.354.857.658.454.652.858.354.654.858.358.454.658.656.854.658.056.452.
31、059.352.654.555.256.354.569.359.354.358.458.558.556.352.058.258.352.655.255.355.855.350.354.353.250.553.652.653.353.254.2由表中数据可知：L10=51.2,L50=48.3,L90=47.8找出L10、L50、L90，求出等效声级Leq71727374757677787980L1062.456.364.460.048.464.463.861.664.651.2L5050.058.265.854.247.555.856.053.148.748.3L9058.155.058.75
32、5.150.158.756.458.860.147.8Leq50.358.266.354.647.556.356.953.249.048.5Leq=L50+(L10-L90)2/603、对校园噪声进行简单评价校园噪声主要是车辆开过的声音六、实施体会在记录时由于数字变化较快，不能很精准的记录，导致实验记录有所误差。实验二 噪声源频谱测定一、实验目的1、了解学生噪声源的主要来源；2、使学生学会熟练频谱仪的使用方法；3、了解不同噪声的频谱特征；4、掌握绘制频谱图的方法。二、实验原理除音叉等之外，各种声源发出的声音很少是单一频率的纯音，大多是由许多不同强度，不同频率的声音复合而成，统称复音。在复音中，
33、不同频率(或频段)的成分的声波具有不同的能量，这种频率成分与能量分布的关系称为声的频谱。由于一般噪声的频率分布宽阔，在实际的频谱分析中，不需要也不可能对每个频率成分进行具体分析。为了方便，人们把2020000Hz 的声频范围分为几个段落，划分的每一个具有一定频率范围的段落称做频带或频程。实验证明，当声音的声压级不变而频率提高一倍时，听起来音调也提高一倍(音乐上称提高八度音程)；为此，将声频范围划分为这样的频带：使每一频带的上限频率比下限频率高一倍，即频率之比为2，这样划分的每一个频程称1 倍频程，简称倍频程。为了简明，每个倍频程用其中心频率，fc 来表示： fu 和fd，分别为该频程的上限和下
34、限频率。描述一个复音中，各频率成分与能量分布关系的图形称为频谱图。通常是先测定出该噪声的各频率成分与相应的声压级或声功率级，然后以频率为横坐标，以声压级(声功率级)为纵坐标进行绘图。目前大部分声级计都具有频谱分析的功能，能够把监测值传送到计算机上并绘制出频谱图。使用噪声测量虚拟仪器声级计联机绘制的频谱图如图1.3所示。频谱图的横坐标显示倍频程的中心频率：63，125，250，500，1000，2000，4000，8000Hz。纵坐标显示外部环境的声级dB。 /图1 频谱仪三、测量方法将班级分组，每3人一组。一个组长。学生在指导老师的带领下进行具体操作。要求组内每位同学选择2中不同类型的噪声源进行测定。打开仪器电源，进入测量子菜单，用调节光标，按下“启动/暂停”键，是菜单中跳动的“run”停止闪烁，开始测量。移动光标到31.5Hz，再接下去是63Hz,125Hz,250Hz,500Hz,1000Hz,2000Hz,4000Hz,8000Hz。由于滤波要有一定的稳定时间，所以每个中心频率点要有8s左右的停留时间，所有中心频率点测量完