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1、论文：浅谈SMA沥青混凝土路面平整度控制技术关键字:SMA,沥青,混凝土路,面平,整度,控制,措施 发布时间:04-28 21:44 路面平整度是衡量高级道路路面好坏的重要指标。路面不平顺，会增大行车的阻力，并使车辆产生附加振动，直接影响行车的安全性、舒适性；同时附加振动以及不平整路面所滞积的雨水，也将加速对路面的破坏。随着社会经济的发展，人们对路面行车的安全性、舒适性以及路面的耐久性提出了更高的要求；交通部在修订公路工程质量检验评定标准(JTJ071-98)中也相应对路面评定指标进行了修订，采用了更高更严格的指标。下面结合泰安开发区6、9、10、12道路12公里的沥青混凝土路面施工，谈谈如何
2、对SMA路面的平整度进行有效控制。1、 SMA沥青混合料的特性SMA也叫沥青马蹄脂碎石混合料，通过采用矿物纤维稳定剂、增加矿粉用量、改性沥青等技术手段，组成沥青马蹄脂后，填充间断级配的粗集料骨架间隙，使SMA沥青混合料既能保持开级配沥青混合料表面功能好的优点，又能克服耐久性差的缺点，尤其是高温抗车辙能力，低温抗裂性能、耐疲劳性能和水稳定性能等各种路用性能大幅度提高。SMA是一种新型路面结构，具有如下的特性：1)SMA是一种间断级配的沥青混合料，粗集料多，细集料减少。2)沥青结合料用量多，高达6.57.0，粘结性要求高，采用稳定性好的改性沥青，本工程采用的是掺加SBS改性剂的改性沥青。3)SMA
3、采用的粗集料必须特别坚硬，针片状颗粒少，以便嵌挤良好；细集料采用良好的河沙；矿粉采用细磨的石灰石粉，且不得使用回收的粉尘。4)SMA的拌和时间要适当延长，施工温度要提高，只有在高温状态下碾压才能达到密实效果，切不产生推拥，这是SMA的一个重要特征。综合SMA的特点，可以归纳为三多一少，即粗集料多，矿粉多，沥青多，细集料少。2、 影响SMA路面平整度的因素SMA的特性决定了其施工与普通沥青混凝土相比具有特殊性，所以要加强施工中每一环节的检测控制和管理，从其特性入手，对其特殊的施工工艺进行分析，影响路面平整度的因素主要有：1)下承层的施工质量。依照平整度的传递理论，下承层的平整度以及高程误差都会自
4、下而上层层积累，影响到SMA路面的平整度。2)原材料和混合料的质量。只有保证原材料和混合料的质量，才能保证SMA面层的完整性的强度，路面平整度才有保障。3)施工工艺和施工机械的配置。路面要保证密实度和平整度，只有采用合理的施工工艺及机械配置才能实现。4)SMA沥青混合料的摊铺、碾压和接缝处理。影响平整度的因素很多，只有控制好每一个环节，才能保证路面的平整度。3、SMA路面平整度控制的措施3.1加强路基和下承层施工质量对于路基，应确保路基填土的均匀性及路基整体的密实度和强度，采用合适的涵、台背、墙背回填和软基处理方案，并减少其过渡段的工后沉降差；采取相应的措施，减少水对路基产生的病害，确保路基稳
5、定。下承层平整度控制措施:3.1.1基层施工采用集中厂拌混合料，采用有精确计量系统和控制系统的拌合设备，确保拌制高质量的混合料。3.1.2严格控制集料的最大粒径。混合料中集料粒径过大，会使铺筑层表面出现离析，甚至局部会刮出沟槽，影响基层及沥青混凝土层的平整度。3.1.3控制底基层、基层摊铺速度，并与拌合、运输、碾压工序相匹配，确保连续不间断作业，是保证基层平整度的有效措施。3.1.4基层、底基层施工采用大功率摊铺机铺筑，每层的压实度严格控制在允许范围内，尤其应控制好上基层的平整度。3.1.5严格控制底基层、基层施工标高，保证面层厚度，以提高面层平整度。3.1.6纵坡仪、基准钢丝有专人负责，基准
6、钢丝张力不小于800N。3.1.7基准钢钎固定要保证竖直，钢钎横杆要有支架，确保在钢丝张紧时不会在横杆处出现下凹。采用不同的控制方式对不同的基层进行控制，使基层的平整度控制在较好的水平上。SMA一般只使用于上面层结构，若在下、中面层不重视平整度和高程误差控制，想在上面层取得好的平整度是不可能的。3.2原材料及混合料的质量控制每一批原材料的进场都得按相关规定和标准进行试验，并加强施工中试验自检和抽检的力度，保证原材料的稳定。SMA混合料质量直接影响沥青面层的施工质量和使用品质，一旦出现不合格的花料、焦料、过油料铺筑到路面上都应彻底铲除重铺，经人工修补后的路面是不可能有良好的平整度。混合料生产要严
7、格把关，不合格混合料严禁使用。通过抽提试验和马歇尔试验对矿料级配、沥青用量、混合料的密度和孔隙率等指标进行调控，同时检测其稳定度和流值；通过温度检测，对SMA的四大温度(沥青加热温度160165，改性沥青制作温度165170，改性沥青最高加工温度175，集料加热温度190200)进行控制，做到不合格材料严禁进场，确保混合料的质量。3.3加强机械配置和施工工艺控制3.3.1机械配置3.3.1.1科学合理的机械配置和先进的机械设备，是路面施工连续作业与提高平整度的重要保证，本工程所采用的沥青拌合设备为Teltomat260沥青拌合楼1座，在施工过程中，其对所有的参数控制都采用电脑自动化控制，保证了
8、混合料生产的连续性和混合料的稳定性；摊铺机为进口的具有高精度自动找平的ABG423沥青混凝土摊铺机2台；压路机采用BW202双驱双待压路机4台。3.3.1.2机械设备的检查，施工前应对工作装置及调节机构进行专门检查，即刮板输料器、闸门和螺旋摊铺器的状况是否良好，有无粘附沥青混合料，振捣梁底面及其前下部是否磨损过大，行程及运动速度是否恰当，它与熨平板底面的高低是否合适，熨平板底下是否磨损、变形或粘附混合料，其加热装置是否正常。3.3.1.3机械设备的调试，对摊铺机组要进行精确检验和校正，根据施工要求需要调整和选择摊铺机的结构参数，使熨平板在同一水平面，以免造成横坡不一致。摊铺机起步时工作仰角调整
9、得当，保证摊铺机正常摊铺。平衡梁安装要牢固。调平基准钢丝张紧力，严禁挠度过大。压路机起步、停车要平稳。3.3.2运输环节控制措施3.3.2.1在施工中，运输车辆装料方法必须得当，防止混合料产生离析，以免引起摊铺层的离析，造成路面平整度的下降。3.3.2.2运输车辆的保温措施得当，不能使表面的混合料因温度下降形成硬壳，以免碾压成型后出现表面不平整。3.3.2.3驾驶员在给摊铺机卸料时，是否碰撞摊铺机，以及刹车操作技术及工作的责任心均直接影响路面平整度。3.3.2.4运输能力一定要大于拌合能力。运料车辆采用多次挪动装料法，确保混合料不产生离析；运料车辆有很好的保温措施，确保运料过程中料温补产生较大
10、的温度差异。3.3.3摊铺环节控制措施3.3.3.1摊铺机要匀速行走，连续摊铺。因为在以往的施工中发现，摊铺机停顿的地方出现不平现象较多，所以确定摊铺速度时要考虑拌合楼出料能力及运输能力，同时还要考虑到熨平板和夯锤自振频率。因此，合理的摊铺速度V(mmin1)可根据混合料供给能力、摊铺宽度和厚度按下式求得：V100Q60Hb(1)式中：Q混合料供给能力，th；H压实后的摊铺厚度，cm；B摊铺宽度，m；沥青混合料压实后的密度，一般取2.35tm。如以2.35tm代入式(1)，则式(1)可改为：VQ1.4BH。根据摊铺机的标准宽度或加宽后的宽度B和沥青混合料搅拌设备的生产能力Q，以不同的摊铺厚度H
11、值代入VQ1.4BH中，就可以列出一张摊铺速度的关系表，以供摊铺时查阅。由于SMA生产时拌和机生产率降低，为保证其匀速、不间断的连续摊铺，摊铺速度一般不超过3mmin，甚至可以放慢到12mmin，这就要求机手应有较高的操作水平，以保证摊铺机匀速、连续工作，既能保证压实度又能保证平整度。3.3.3.2ABG摊铺机两侧各安装了一台移动式基准梁找平装置。该装置总长16m，在摊铺机前端的基准梁有24(212)个可上下自由伸缩的“雪橇”板，在下层表面拖动滑行，构成下层基准面。在摊铺机后端的基准梁有32(216)个可上下伸缩的橡胶轮，行驶在摊铺后的混合料表面，构成摊铺后的上基准面。摊铺机的自动找平装置是根
12、据两个基准面的高差控制摊铺厚度。由于“雪橇”板和橡胶轮都能自由伸缩，可以消除局部不平整对控制厚度的影响。3.3.3.3摊铺机预热温度要达到规定要求，避免造成摊铺层出现大范围的粗糙面，严重影响路面的平整度和外观质量。3.3.3.4摊铺机刮料输送器通过闸门后供料和螺旋摊铺器向两侧布料，两者的工作效率要匹配。在发生暂时性断料时，摊铺机要保持继续运转，停止振捣，并接通熨平板加热器，保证SMA混合料摊铺和碾压符合高温条件的要求，这是控制平整度的又一关键所在。3.3.3.5提高摊铺中的预压密实度，SMA混合料在高温作用下主要是靠粗集料的嵌挤作用，可适当提高夯锤的振捣频率，在摊铺机夯锤振捣和熨平板的共同作用
13、下，一般可达到85以上的预压效果。这样，剩余的压实系数很小，所以初压的痕迹也极小，进而保证了路面的最终平整度。3.3.4碾压环节控制措施SMA路面采用双钢轮压路机碾压，BW202双钢轮压路机，振动力大，幅度宽。碾压过程中严格控制好温度，初压(温度不低于150)、复压(温度不低于130)、终压(温度不低于120)都采用此种压路机，碾压4遍，一气呵成。按照以下原则碾压，充分解决了平整度和压实度的矛盾。3.3.4.1按照“慢压、紧跟、高频、低幅”碾压八字方针进行碾压，这是与一般沥青混合料碾压方式最大的区别。压路机必须紧跟在摊铺机后面，只有在高温条件下碾压才能取得最佳效果，碾压终了温度不低于120；慢
14、压是对现在碾压普遍过快来说的，一般来说碾压速度不超过5kmh；高频和低幅方式对提高SMA的压实度、防止石料损伤、保持石料有良好的棱角性和嵌挤作用具有重要意义，大振幅很容易造成碾压过度，使石料压碎或马蹄脂上浮，产生“过碾压弹簧”现象。所以碾压八字方针也是保证SMA路面平整度的重要环节。3.3.4.2碾压时要均衡的进行，倒退时关闭振动，方向要渐渐地改变，不许拧着弯行走，一般可采用欧式碾压，对每一道碾压起点或终点稍微扭弯碾压，消除碾压接头轮迹。3.3.4.3压路机不允许在新铺混合料上转向、调头、左右移动位置、突然刹车和停车休息；其它机械不能在未冷却结硬的路面上停留。原则上所有机械，尤其是压路机从开始
15、碾压进入角色后便不能停机，直至该段路面施工结束，否则产生局部波浪。3.3.4.4碾压应纵向进行，并由摊铺路幅的低边向高边低速行进碾压，相邻碾压重叠至少30，初压始终让从动轮在后，避免由于温度高轮前容易留下波浪，影响平整度，终压后，压路机轮迹应完全消除。3.3.4.5在涵洞、桥梁和通道等构造物的接头处，以及匝道、紧急停车带等摊铺机难以操作部位，要辅助小型机械或人工操作施工，保证其施工温度。如果主车道安装了路缘石，要小心碾压，不要破坏路缘石的美观。3.3.4.6施工现场人员不能在刚铺完未进行碾压的面层上行走，特别是上面层，以免留下脚印，影响平整度。3.3.5接缝环节处理措施3.3.5.1接缝平整度
16、要求：3m直尺检测，最大间隙小于2mm。3.3.5.2桥面铺装层的上面层的横向接缝，全部强制预留在桥梁伸缩缝内，减少永久性接缝的道数。在路基段施工时，通过增加每日摊铺长度减少横向接缝设置次数。3.3.5.3不断总结接缝施工经验。每天收工时，记住摊铺机的工作仰角，供第二天起步时参考，使接缝断面的虚铺厚度得到精确控制，为提高平整度，一般采用切割成垂直面的方法，SMA路面完工后，稍停一停，在其尚未冷却之前，就切割好。具体做法：将3m直尺沿路线纵向靠在已施工段的端部，伸出端部的直尺呈悬臂状；以已施工路面与直尺脱离点定出接缝位置，用切割机切齐后铲除废料，并用水将切缝处清理干净；在下一次施工就位前，涂刷粘
17、层油，即可接下去摊铺。4、平整度的检测结果经过精心控制，本项目沥青混凝土面层平整度均方差实测值见表1.表1沥青混凝土路面平整度均方差实测值汇总5、结束语要提高SMA路面的平整度，应确保路基的施工质量，并从下承层的高程、横坡、厚度等施工参数控制，特别是松铺系数的控制，严把平整度验收关；控制原材料及混合料的质量、施工工艺和机械配置以及施工人员素质，加强质量管理，严格按规范施工，制定科学合理的施工方案，改进施工工艺和采用科学的施工方法，才能提高平整度，保证路面的质量。参考文献：1JTGF402004，公路沥青路面施工技术规范S。（英文版 ） Two regulations promulgated f
18、or implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two reg
19、ulations supporting each other, the adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the par
20、ty organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line . Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental princ
21、iples of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. and revised the necessity and revised
22、 history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines and column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole pa
23、rty, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the partys leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the
24、 problem. The new revision of the and , reflects the partys 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the partys eighteen years compreh
25、ensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of in based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administerin
26、g the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy re
27、quirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to clean the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-lev
28、el leading cadres above. is in 1997 based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive stric
29、tly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Par
30、ty Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to and the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really p
31、ut the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches gr
32、eat importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for
33、Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction
34、, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly respo
35、nsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous
36、 regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of
37、extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18
38、, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, and revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the partys eighteen,
39、ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised and , highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current
40、, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent and . Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the au
41、thority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of t
42、he 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules. the revision of the and is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitut
43、ion as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the part
44、y and the party. The Party of rule of virtue de, mainly refers to the partys ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the closely linked to the self-discipline, insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the vital few, emphasized self-discipline, focusing on
45、 the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a negative list, emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline
46、 and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the partys eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and to implement the central