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9、 guaranteed. Equipment improvement, application is the power education development. To tube easy good information technology equipment, XX City used layered is responsible for, and unison of strategy initiatives: that Bureau established information work led group, urged city education information ma
10、nagement and application work, education information and equipment Center is responsible for equipment maintenance, built information work platform, guarantee platform normal run; will electronic Chief, and personnel, and results, and student, and Senate, and assets, management field of information
11、application decomposition to Bureau Office, and personnel section, and manages, and education section, and meter fiscal section, functions Department, To drive forward e-Government as a breakthrough in the informatization of education, education administrators into full play in the education of info
12、rmation guidance and example, and take this opportunity to point to gradually expand the scope of education application of information technology. Formed Department personnel grasp business and educational information development and application; application and48m铁路预应力混凝土连续箱梁多点顶推架设工法添加时间：2009-10-12
13、 19：41阅读次数：1次 内容摘要：48m铁路预应力混凝土连续箱梁多点顶推架设工法一前言随着我国桥梁建设的发展，中等跨度预应力混凝土连续箱梁的顶推架设法已成为桥梁建设的一个重要发展方向。我局承担的宝中铁路中卫黄河特大桥，主跨两联748m预应力混凝土连续箱梁采用多点顶推法施工，在铁道部第一勘测设计院、铁道建筑研究设计院的配合下，对传统的顶推方法加以改进和提高，形成了分段制梁，分段张拉；多点顶推，集中控制；隔墩布顶，同步运行；分墩起落，高差限定；实测梁重，全联调整的多点顶推架设工艺。这项技术于1993年10月通过专家技术鉴定，评定该项技术达到国内领先水平，可推广应用，同年，获中国铁道建筑总公司科
14、技进步一等奖。我们将这项技术总结形成工法。二、工法特点1.不需要大型的机械设备和大吨位的反力设施，施工过程中不影响桥下通航和交通。2.现场制梁，工厂化施工，质量容易控制，施工不受场地、地形和水流的影响。3.顶推设备自动化程度高，循环周期短，施工进度快，梁体在顶推过程中运行平稳、安全可靠。4.操作简便，便于掌握，一般工人经过短时间培训即可达到熟练程度。5.采取了有效的防开裂措施，能保证梁体在顶推过程中不出现开裂。三、适应范围1.适应于公路、铁路中等跨度的等高度预应力混凝土箱形连续梁。2.适应于有水桥、跨谷桥、跨线桥及城市立交桥。当要求施工不影响桥下通航和交通时，本工法更能显出其优越性。3.适应于
15、工期紧张、用现有架梁设备很难完成的桥梁架设。四、工艺原理利用设置在部分墩顶上的水平千斤顶及其自动牵引装置牵引顶推传力索，通过主控台的集中控制，将制梁台座上制好的梁段，在滑道上一节一节地不断向前顶进，直至全联梁顶推到位(如图1)，再起梁，拆除滑道，安装支座，落梁，调整支座反力，完成整联梁的架设。箱梁在顶推过程中的受力情况如图2所示。梁体向前移动的条件是HifiNi式中：Hi各顶推千斤顶的顶推力；Ni各支点的支反力；fi各支点顶推静摩擦因数。五、关键技术(一)顶推滑道制梁台座上采用连续梁式整体固定滑道，它是通过在滑道梁上连续铺设滑道板形成的。滑道板由钢板制成，表面贴1mm厚不锈钢板。各墩顶滑道采用
16、单滑道板形式，置于鞍形滑道垫层上(图3)。这种形式的滑道能很好地承受 各向作用力，而且标高容易控制，拆除也非常方便。滑块采用国产聚四氟乙烯滑块，为减小顶推摩擦因数，在滑块表面涂铅粉。设计滑道板时，滑道板的有效长度应能保证滑块在顶推过程中所承受的最大压力不超过8MPa，以免造成滑块变形过大和损伤。(二)顶推设备的配置顶推设备包括：水平千斤顶及其配套的牵引装置、千斤顶支墩、集中控制装置等。1.顶推千斤顶数量的确定和布置根据顶推重量及设计滑道各支点顶推静摩擦因数可计算出连续梁顶推所需要的顶推力，从而确定顶推千斤顶的数量，并按隔墩布置的原则将各千斤顶布置在各主桥墩上(可以简称布顶 墩)，每个布顶墩上、
17、下游各设一台，安装在该墩墩顶的顶推千斤顶支墩上(见图4)。本工法采用YPD-600型水平千斤顶及与其配套的自动夹索式顶推牵引装置。2.千斤顶支墩顶推千斤顶支墩为钢筋混凝土结构，每个布顶墩上、下游各设一个。为拆除方便，在顶推千斤顶支墩下部与桥墩帽连接处，设厚10cm硫磺砂胶混凝土，内埋电阻丝。拆除时，将电阻丝 通电，电阻丝发热熔化硫磺砂胶混凝土，千斤顶支墩即与桥墩帽分离。3.多点顶推的集中控制与同步运行每个布顶墩上设一台可分级调压的HNW-1型液压站，控制该墩顶上的上、下游两台水平千斤 顶。桥头设一台ZK-J5S-H型主控台，与所有液压站联网，统一控制各液压站。各水平千斤顶通过液压站在主控台的控
18、制下，同时启动，同时停止，达到同步，实现多点顶推的集中控 制和同步运行。(三)制梁台座和顶推临时支墩1.制梁台座本工法采用重力式实体制梁台座。台座上设滑道梁和活动底模架。在滑道梁上设整体固定滑道；在底模架上设底模板和外侧模板。底模板和外侧模板均为钢模板(见图5)。2.临时支墩为满足安装钢导梁和连续梁前期顶推抗倾覆的要求，在制梁台座前和连续梁第一跨内各设一个临时支墩；为便于后期顶推拆除钢导梁和张拉后期预应力束，在连续梁终点墩旁(靠顶推前进方向)及其前方各设一个临时支墩，并在这两个临时支墩间搭设工作平台。为提高临时支墩的稳定性，防止临时支墩在箱梁顶推过程中产生较大的水平位移，将临时支墩与相邻的主桥
19、墩和制梁台座进行撑拉连接，使水平方向加固。(四)顶推的导向与纠偏为防止箱梁在顶推过程中出现过大的偏斜，在箱梁首尾附近在桥墩上安装导向装置，限制箱梁的横向移动。本工法采用楔块法为主、千斤顶横顶法为辅的纠偏方法。楔块法纠偏装置与导向装置基本相同，安装在各墩顶的顶推千斤顶支墩或导向支墩上(见图6)。导向和纠偏工作均在箱梁滑行过程中进行。(五)箱梁起落和支反力调整起落梁采取分墩起落、高差限位、实测梁重、全联调整的方法。起顶设备采用YSD2000-30型和YD5000-160型两种千斤顶。为降低造价，确保安全并考虑运输和安装方便，采用钢管混凝 土块作安全支撑。拆除顶推滑道、换上正式支座后，利用设在各布顶
20、墩上的起落千斤顶将箱梁顶起(各墩起 顶高度相同)，则箱梁的全部重量由千斤顶支承。根据各千斤顶的油压值，计算出各千斤顶 的起顶力，即可得到各墩的实测支反力Ri，然后计算出梁的重量G= Ri， 再根据计算梁重G、设计支反力Ri、实测梁重G，计算出各支点的理想支反力(即在实测梁重情况下各支点应该承受的支反力)Ri，Ri=RiG/G。通过实测支反力Ri与理想支反力Ri比较，找出支反力偏小的支点，然后采取在 这些支点的支座下面加垫钢板的方法，调整支座标高，从而调整其支反力。由于调整部分支座的标高后，所有支点的反力值都将产生变化，所以，经过一次调整不一定能达到目的，需要重复进行多次的实测和调整，直到各支点
21、反力均达到或接近理想支反力。六、机械设备本工法所用的主要机械设备见表1。如图7所示，传力拉索采用575钢绞线。随着千斤顶活塞杆的顶出和回程，顶推锁定锚具和回程锁定锚具对传力拉索交替锁定和松脱，锚具的退锚、再锚均由设备自动实现，自动化程序高。回程时，拉索仍处于紧张状态，千斤顶行程损失小。使用这套装置，施工进度快，梁体运行平稳，安全可靠。七、顶推前准备1.平整场地，设置制梁场地和制梁台座，铺设龙门吊走行线，组装龙门吊。2.设置观测塔和顶推临时支墩。3.在墩顶设置顶推千斤顶支墩、导向支墩和滑道垫层，铺设墩顶滑道，安装顶推千斤顶和自动顶推装置。4.组装钢导梁并吊装就位固定。5.梁段制作。梁段钢筋按底腹
22、板U形骨架和顶板钢筋网片两部分，分别在特设的钢筋绑扎台座上绑扎成形；内模在制梁台座下预先拼好，使用时，钢筋及内模均通过龙门吊吊装就位；梁段混凝土按照先底板、再腹板、后顶板的顺序分层灌注。底、腹板混凝土均通过特制的小串筒入模，其中底板小串筒采取在顶板开天窗的办法，伸入箱内。八、顶推工艺（一）工艺流程(二)操作要点1.安装导向纠偏装置、拉锚器和顶推传力拉索，使5根钢绞线松紧一致；2.检查滑道标高，检查新制梁段与模板及制梁台座的连接是否已全部解除；3.工作人员各就各位，准备好顶推所用的滑块和纠偏调整垫板及千斤顶。各液压站司机起动液压站，检查设备运行情况，对液压站按设计要求进行五级调压，然后，通知主控
23、台该机准备就绪；4.按下主控台工作按钮，各液压站同时起动；5.按下主控台顶推按钮，各液压站按五级调压的最低一级向各千斤顶供油。按从小到大的顺序依次按下主控台控制各液压站等级的按钮，各液压站向各千斤顶的供油压力逐级增大，最后达到设计值。此时，各千斤顶推力也达到设计值，梁体开始向前移动；6.在梁体前进的同时，各墩顶喂接滑块人员不断地将滑块从滑道后端喂入，并将随梁体前移从滑道前端滑出的滑块接住备用；7.各液压站司机要随时注意千斤顶的运行情况，当千斤顶行程到位时，按下液压站的急停按钮，则所有的液压站停止工作，箱梁停止前进；8.各液压站司机单独操作各千斤顶回程；9.重复上述48项工作，进行下一个行程的顶
24、推；10.在顶推的过程中，不断观测梁体的中线，如偏差大于2cm，应进行纠偏；11.作好顶推记录和应力监测，每顶推4m测试一次梁段内力，发现异常，及时处理；12.阶段顶推结束后，将箱梁纵、横向准确对位，准备灌注下一节梁段；13.全联梁顶推就位时，逐节拆除钢导梁，然后，将箱梁纵、横向准确就位；14.张拉后期预应力束，拆除顶推临时束，起顶箱梁，拆除顶推滑道，安装正式支座，然后落梁，调整支反力，复核梁底标高，锁定支座。整联梁顶推完毕。九、质量控制(一)质量标准根据铁路桥涵施工(TBJ203-85)和铁路特大桥工程质量评定验收标准(TBJ416-87)及其它有关规定，制定质量标准如下：1.箱梁几何尺寸必
25、须精确，其误差不得大于5mm，相邻梁段错位不大于2mm，相邻梁段中线夹角不大于1；2.预应力孔道偏差不大于2mm；3.顶推梁段尾端的整体不垂直度不大于4mm；4.预应力束张拉实行张拉力和伸长值双控，实际伸长值同理论伸长值比较，误差不得超过+10%和-5%；5.张拉时，预应力筋两端回缩量之和不得大于8mm，滑丝断丝总数不得超过梁段钢丝总数的5，且一束内断丝不得超过1丝；6.阶段顶推结束时，箱梁首尾横向就位误差不得大于2mm，梁尾纵向就位误差不得大于5mm；7.全联梁顶推到位时，箱梁中线偏差不得大于15mm；8.滑道顶面标高误差不大于1mm，同墩滑道顶面高差不得大于1mm；9.制梁台座滑道和底模接
26、缝处错台不得大于1mm；10.梁底标高误差不大于2mm，同段梁梁底不平整度不大于2mm。(二)质量控制措施1.建立可靠的质量保证体系，开展全面质量管理活动，各工序指派专人负责，技术人员跟班作业。2.搞好“三检”工作，严格按照质量标准施工，不达标准，坚决返工。3.顶推精度的控制(1)箱梁中线的控制。在每段梁的顶板上作3个中线标记点，顶推时，观测塔上架设经纬仪对梁体中线进行观测，当出现较大偏斜时，进行纠偏。阶段顶推箱梁差2m就要就位时，开始不间断地观测和精确地纠偏，使箱梁首尾中线偏差控制在4mm范围内。最后就位时箱梁首尾中线偏差控制在2mm之内。每次顶推结束时，画出箱梁的中线状态图，将箱梁的实际中
27、线与箱梁的设计中线相比较，分析箱梁中线的偏差情况，确定下一步施工箱梁中线的控制，使箱梁的实际中线绕设计中线左右摆动，避免出现大弧形，以免影响顶推施工的正常进行。(2)箱梁截面位置的控制。阶段顶推就位前，在箱梁的顶板及模板上作明显标记，并设专人观察，控制箱梁纵向准确就位。每制三段梁，测量一次梁长和跨度，必要时进行调整，以保证箱梁截面位置正确和梁底支座预埋件位置正确。4.防开裂措施为防止梁体在顶推过程中发生开裂，采取了如下措施。(1)提高滑道的制作精度，严格控制滑道标高，每次顶推施工前，均检查各墩顶滑道标高。在临时支墩滑道下面设YSD2000-30型千斤顶，以便随时调整滑道标高。(2)在箱梁前段设
28、置重量轻、刚度大的板式钢导梁，用无粘结预应力筋加强钢导梁与箱梁的连接，改善箱梁前部的受力状态。在部分梁段(拉应力控制截面)也加设无粘结预应力筋。(3)高标准严格控制梁段制作质量，确保混凝土的各项指标(特别是强度和弹性模量)和施工质量。(4)提高模板制作精度，提高梁底平整度。新制梁段顶离制梁台座后，设专人负责箱梁底板的修整、打平。十、注意事项及安全措施1.在灌注梁段混凝土的过程中，要注意防止波纹管漏浆、上浮等现象发生，以保证预应力管道质量。2.要控制好底、腹板混凝土灌注的间隔时间，以防底板盖板上浮、爆模或前后灌注的混凝土接触面有明显的痕迹。3.顶推过程中，要注意观测导梁和临时支墩的变形、变位情况
29、，发现异常及时加固。4.起落梁时，要注意箱梁变形的“滞后”现象，绝不可操之过急。5.在制梁台座前30m的范围内设安全网，在各墩顶设栏杆。6.配齐安全防护用品，高空作业人员要系好安全带，夜晚灯光暗淡处不得进行高空作业。7.施工现场设专人站岗，严禁非施工人员入内。8.工地24小时设安全员，负责检查、督促工人按安全规则施工，严禁违章作业。十一、劳动组织本工法的劳动力组织见表2。十二、效益分析1.施工进度快。以宝中线黄河特大桥为例，平均每段梁循环周期为9.9天，并创造了连续12段梁平均循环周期为7天及单段循环周期为6天的好成绩。仅用8个月零11天的时间就完成了2联748m连续箱梁的顶推架设。另外，用顶
30、推法架梁，在合理安排下部主体工程施工后，顶推施工可与墩台施工同时进行，从而缩短整个大桥的施工工期。2.本工法充分利用各桥墩墩顶容许承受水平力的潜在能力，避免了设置大吨位顶推锚固设施，且操作简单，安全可靠。3.顶推法架梁，将现场制梁架设的复杂工作，分段化为各个施工工序的有规律的周期循环作业，既不需要大型的机械设备，也最大限度地缩短了架梁时间。4.采取了适当的防开裂措施，能有效地防止梁体在顶推过程中发生开裂现象。5.外界干扰小，桥下通航或通车不影响连续梁顶推施工。6.节省劳力，机具设备能重复使用，可节省费用，降低造价。十三、工程实例宝中铁路中卫黄河特大桥，主跨为2联748m预应力混凝土连续箱梁，设
31、计要求用顶推法施工。该桥是我国目前用顶推法施工的铁路桥梁中跨度最大、孔联最长、单联顶推重量最大的连续梁桥。铁道部第十三工程局一处，应用本工法，根据现场的实际情况，制定了双向对顶、中间合拢的施工，将每联梁分成22个节段，现场制梁、多点顶推。在工期紧、任务重的情况下，合理组织、精心施工，经过8个月零11天的艰苦奋战，保质保量地完成了两联箱梁的顶推架设，工期比预计提前47天，保证了宝中铁路北段提前铺轨，受到甲方和地方政府的好评，创造了显著的经济效益和社会效益。该桥的顺利建成，创造了我国铁路桥梁顶推架设的新纪录，填补了我国铁路桥梁建设史上的一项空白，同时也表明，本工法在技术上已达到国内领先水平。6 H
32、G20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG . Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a
33、 fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit wil
34、l charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 12 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant De
35、partment. (2) personal injury accident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5-10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions should be dealt with by the personnel Department of the company. (3) pe
36、rsonal injury accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform thedemonstration of informati
37、on work is education, promotion and development of education information managers. Turns out, this working party . Ming Associate Professor several times to XX chuanjingsongbao. May 2014 XX received State Council expert group to the City County acceptance of balanced development of compulsory educat
38、ion in the country, the Group of experts on XX education informatization on the balanced development of education give full recognition to the role. On October 9, 2014, the CPPCC inspections XX in XX city education information and XX education highly. On April 20, 2016, the XX as a unit of the first
39、 experimental informatization passed inspection. In acceptance of the conclusion of the expert group, wrote: 1. the project around the construction of pilot objectives, tasks and main content, scientific formulation and implementation of programmes, and promotes the balanced development of urban and
40、 rural education based on information technology, completing various tasks of the pilot project. 2. adjusting measures to local conditions, innovative institutional mechanisms, by exploring the investment protection mechanism, system security mechanisms, the task to lead the mechanism, mechanism and
41、 application integration mechanisms, operation and maintenance of departmental interaction mechanisms , developed educational information resources sharing, promoting fair education, improve the quality of education, promoting the reform of education and teaching, distinctive effective patterns and
42、operating mechanism. 3. through the implementation of the pilot project, building a nationwide network of high quality educational resources sharing environment, construction and application of both cloud platform, the e-learning space through education and public service platform of educational res
43、ources, promote the integration of information and depth of education, and progressive education application of information technology to become the norm. Popularization and application of the results of project pilot has better value to promoting informatization of education in the County with a de
44、monstration . February 24, 2014, in Education Department Office on education information pilot units work progress situation of informed (taught technical office letter (2014) 13th,) in the, XX province XX City Bureau introduced market competition mechanism, and more than enterprise signed cooperati
45、on agreement, low cost built cover City School of fiber Education City domain network and achieved broadband access, to achieved has regional within all schools, and all classroom of broadband network access as typical case in national informed. Three XX municipal party Committee municipal education
46、 information development, policy measures included in the citys development plan, formulated education plan, and guaranteed on the funds. According to the Ministry of education documents and XX actual, Education Bureau of XX municipality formulated XX City Informatization of education three-year dev
47、elopment plan for the XX teaching information application of the three-year planning document, guide the education information construction. Early education work priorities, specifically the inclusion of educational information construction areas, and application of information technology and construction in special steering steering room, and at the time of the annual assessment as an important indicator of school assessment. Since 2008, the citys education