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1、ZF自升平台式大模板翻模施工工法铁十五局一处 张志锋一、前言ZP自升平台式大模板翻模是在总结了滑模、爬模、普通翻模、组合模板和大模板的基础上，依照成本低廉、加工安装方便，施工速度快、劳动强度低、适用性广泛的设计原则开发研制的一种新型施工设备，该工艺在成本上优于上述各种模板，而且施工速度快。中铁第十五工程局一处在祁临高速公路石村沟大桥首次采用，取得了显著的社会效益和经济效益。本工法是根据该桥一次成功，一次成优的施工实践编写的。二、工法特点 1、成本低廉，每套施工平台工料费总计仅需2万元。 2、创造了大模板翻模3层模板，每次翻2模，仅留1模作支承，大大提高了施工速度。 3、把施工平台和模板分成两个
2、完全独立的体系，消除了施工平台偏扭对模板的影响。 4、施工平台全部用型钢和钢管组成，自重轻，无机械加工件，套施工平台可以在承台上直接拼装，适用性广泛，而且材料可周转使用，材料回收利用率为100，经济合理。 5、提升施工平台和模板全部用手动葫芦，节省了其它方法的提升设备费用，解决了翻模施工脚手架拆除架立和模板上翻带来的劳动强度大、费时费工、安全系数小的弊病，使高墩施工变的简单。 6、能适应多种砼运输和提升砼方式，缆索吊机、塔式起重机、输送泵等。如采用输送泵泵送砼，可随模板上翻接长输送管道，提高砼浇筑速度。7、具有制作简单，使用方便，施工速度快，劳动强度低，安全系数小，墩身施工质量好的特点。 8、
3、工人全部在安全网和护栏内工作，安全有保证。 9、施工技术容易掌握，一两个循环后工人即可熟练操作。三、适用范围本工法适用于铁路、公路的圆形、圆端形、矩形的空心、实心墩施工，同时也适用于水塔、烟囱，储粮仓等高耸建筑物。建筑高度越高越能显示出它的优越性。砼及材料提升设备可配备缆索吊机、塔式起重机、井架和输送泵等。四、ZP自升平台式大模板翻模构造及组装加固(一)、构造本套翻模由施工平台、平台提升系统、模板提升系统、模板系统和附属系统组成。l、工作平台由内、外工作平台组成，内外工作平台在顶部用联结杆连成整体，提升时内工作平台随外工作平台同时提升到位。工作平台由型钢支承架和钢管、钢管扣件组成。施工平台是焊
4、接、绑扎钢筋，装、卸模板，浇筑砼，安放施工机具，堆放材料，施工人员作业的主要场地。2、平台提升系统平台提升系统由2台SH5型手动葫芦组组成，每组手动葫芦组由2台SH5型手动葫芦和一根20钢丝绳组成，它是提升施工平台的主要装置。3、模板提升系统模板提升系统由4台SH2型手动葫芦组成。矩形墩身每边模板为一块，提升时用2台SH2型手动葫芦提升一块模板，它是提升内、外模板的主要装置。4、模板系统模板系统由内模和外模组成。外模每边为1块，共4块，在4个角点处用螺栓联结。内模由组合钢模组成大块，装卸时整块用SH2型手动葫芦提升。6、附属系统 附属系统由安全网、安全提升葫芦组、施工平台支承级钢筋组成。安全提
5、升葫芦组由2台SH5型手扳葫芦和钢丝绳组成，它随施工平台提升而提升，防止因提升葫芦故障而影响安全。施工平台支承级钢筋是通长穿于墩壁的级钢筋，它是支承施工平台的主要装置。(二)、工作原理墩身施工前，在承台顶拼装外模施工平台，待墩身施工至一定高度后，在墩壁上设预留孔，将提升葫芦支承在砼顶面，将施工平台提升到预留孔处，然后将支承级钢筋插入预留孔，把施工平台放在支承钢筋上，用支承钢筋支承施工平台。在空心墩内组装内模施工平台，并将内、外施工平台用联结杆联结。施工人员在施工平台上进行钢筋焊接、绑扎、模板装卸、砼浇筑等作业。当砼浇筑完毕后，提升施工平台，焊接、绑扎钢筋；将第N模和第N1模模板提升后安装在第N
6、+3模和第N+4模处，加固好后浇筑第N+3和N+4模砼，待砼达到提升强度后，提升施工平台。如此循环交替，直至墩顶。(三)、组装1、组装顺序见图2。2、组装精度见表1。3、组装注意事项(1)、施工平台必须准确对中，整平，平台上的设备、材料要对称堆放，防止偏载及倾斜。(2)、预留孔必须按设计位置预埋，其高程偏差控制在5mm以内，保证各根支承级钢筋均匀受力。(3)、内外模的拉筋要按设计要求布置，由于一次浇2模砼，侧压力比较大，防止跑模。(4)、施工平台上的电路安装标准的匣刀箱及电路保护装置，电缆线随施工平台的提升而接长。(5)、安全网要按要求挂好，安全手扳葫芦要保证无故障运行。表1 组装精度序号内容
7、精度要求1中线误差10mm2水平高差5mm3水平接缝1mm4竖向接缝1mm5平整度2mm图2组装顺序见下页：施工准备安装外模支承梁安装外模支承梁安装外模施工平台脚手架安装脚手架踏步竹跳板安装安全网及爬梯安装施工平台电路设备将墩身施工设备安装在施工平台上浇筑墩身第13模砼安装施工平台提升手动葫芦组安装施工平台提升安全手扳葫芦组提升施工平台至墩身预留孔处安装支承施工平台的级钢筋将施工平台放在支承平台的级钢筋上在空心墩内安装内模施工平台将内外模施工平台用联结杆联结铺内模施工平台脚手板（竹跳板）挂内模施工平台安全网安装内模施工平台爬梯焊接、绑扎钢筋提升内、外模板浇筑砼提升施工平台五、施工工艺(一)、工
8、艺流程施工准备在承台顶安装外模施工平台将墩身施工机具安放在施工平台上施工第13模砼在砼顶面安装提升葫芦提升施工平台安放施工平台在空心墩内组装内模施工平台焊接、绑扎钢筋提升内、外模板安装内外模板浇筑砼提升施工平台焊接绑扎钢筋提升内外模板安装内外模板浇筑砼提升施工平台循环施工至墩顶拆除施工平台。施工墩身时，钢筋的焊接、绑扎，模板的提升、安卸，砼浇筑，施工平台的提升循环进行，直至墩顶。中间穿插有施工平台纠偏，支承平台的级钢筋安卸，砼养生等工序。(二)、施工准备l、人员准备根据施工作业情况合理配备班组，对施工人员进行技术交底，技术培训。提升操作人员要选择责任心强、技术经验丰富的人员操作，确保提升过程安
9、全、稳定。2、机具及材料准备(1)、按图纸清点、检查平台及模板各部件规格、数量是否符合图纸要求。(2)、提升SH5型手动葫芦、SH2型手动葫芦、安全SH5型手扳葫芦要维修保养好，并有备用葫芦，确保提升顺利进行。(3)、提升设备、砼拌合、输送设备要保证良好运行，振动器、振动棒要配备充足。(4)、要有备用发电机，施工时不能停电。(5)、场地照明、墩上用电设备如匣力箱、碘钨灯、电线、电缆等配备齐全。电路必须设漏电保护器，防止漏电伤人。(6)、按照图纸要求准备好模板拉筋及施工平台支承级钢筋。3、技术准备(1)、垂直运输设备配合ZF自升平台式大模板翻模施工要编制详细的施工方案，以便于其协同施工。（2）、
10、测量人员要每2模测一次墩身纵、横轴线，每6模测一次墩身标高，便于控制立模。（3）、要根据气温及施工设备情况，选择好早强剂和缓凝剂，设计好砼配合比。(三)、平台就位施工平台就位的位置合理与否，直接影响大模板能否正常提升。因为施工平台及支承架距墩壁的距离是固定的，如果施工平台偏扭，则会有两边的外模无法正常提升。所以在确保预埋级钢筋位置正确的条件下，提升施工平台时要防止其偏扭，如果偏扭，立即用钢钎调整，确保施工平台就位后位置准确。(四)、浇筑砼浇筑砼时要分层对称进行，一层厚度一般为3040cm。捣固要专人捣固，不得漏捣，重捣和捣固过深。不要将振动棒接触到模板和预埋件上。(五)、施工平台提升1、施工平
11、台提升要等砼终凝后，且强度达到大于2.5MPa时，方能提升。2、检查手动葫芦和钢丝绳是否正常。3、将平台提升手动葫芦组和安全手扳葫芦组上部固定在墩身砼上，下端挂住施工平台的4个角，开始提升。4、施工平台提升到高度后，将预埋级钢筋插入预留孔内，把施工平台放在预埋级钢筋上。5、提升过程中安全手扳葫芦要与平台提升葫芦同时提升，如果平台偏扭及时用钢钎纠偏。(六)、模板翻升顺序 l、解体 矩形墩的四条边每边各为一块模板，解体时通过松开4个角点处的拉筋螺栓，抽出拉筋，用SH2型葫芦钩住模板。内模用组合钢模拼成大块，松开各大块间的U形卡即可。 2、翻升 将拆下的第N层模板翻升到新浇筑砼处的第N+3模处固定，
12、将第Nl层模板用SH2型葫芦翻升到第N4固定。 3、加固将模板拉筋穿好后，加固内、外模板。4、检查调整检查模板轴线偏位及垂直度，不合适立即调整。在各拉筋孔及各层模板接缝间刮上原子灰，防止漏浆、漏水。 (七)、支承平台的级钢筋倒换使用每次当施工平台提升开始后，在施工平台离开级钢筋顶面510cm时，将支承级钢筋从预埋孔中抽出。待施工平台提升至下一层预埋孔处时，将支承级钢筋插入预埋孔，然后将施工平台放在支承级钢筋上，如此级钢筋周转重复使用至墩顶。 (八)、停工处理 施工时若因大风、大雨必须停工时，须作停工处理，处理措施如下：(1)、要将砼摊平，捣固好。(2)、要将各类预埋件预埋好。(3)、插入接缝钢
13、筋。(4)、复工时将砼凿毛，并按接缝处理施工砼。(九)、拆除翻模(1)、方案在墩顶安装顶埋件,将墩身施工完毕后,拆除模板,然后用2台50KN卷扬机和钢丝绳,将施工平台降到承台顶面拆除。 (2)、方案 施工到墩顶后,拆除摸板。从上至下逐件拆除内外钢管脚手架,最后将支承梁和支承级钢筋吊走.。 六、机具设备(见表2) 表2机具设备序号名称型号规格数量1手动葫芦SH550KN42手动葫芦SH220KN43手板葫芦SH550KN24砼捣固器插入式HZ6-X-505050025电焊机500A26发电机60KN17钢筋切割机GJ6-405.5KN18钢筋弯曲机GW6-403.5KW19缆索吊机50KN110
14、型材切割机JG3-4002.2KW111砼拌合站25m3/h1七、劳动组织（见表3）表3 墩上作业工班劳力组织序号工作项目人数备注1浇筑砼8砼施工人员同时还进行焊接、绑扎钢筋作业。2捣固砼43绑扎钢筋84焊接钢筋45电工1以下人员同时进行其它桥墩施工管理。6安全员17工班长18技术指导1合计18八、质量控制 l、施工平台提升时要控制其偏扭,以兔影响提升外模。 2、每2摸要测量一次墩身纵、横轴线,防止墩身倾斜。 3、砼外观要色调一致,表面光洁平整,无蜂窝、麻面、错台,外表美观。 九、安全措施 施工中除遵守有关安全规则外,还要作好以下工作: l、高空作业人员必须戴安全帽,系安全带,穿防滑鞋,严禁老
15、弱病残及酒后人员上班。 2、经常检查电路,防止发生漏电事故。 3、在墩身周围l0m围设安全禁区,防止非施工人员进入。 4、安全网及围栏要安牢固,严禁从高空抛掷杂物。 5、施工平台上严禁堆放多余杂物,堆放重物要对称、均匀,禁止超载堆放。 6、每月定期对施工人员迸行安全教育,提高安全防患意识。 十、效益分析 采用ZF自升平台式大模板翻模施工的经济效益和社会效益是显著的,桥墩越高,一次性施工数量越多,经济效益越显著。 l、与普通翻模比,可节约钢材80，节约劳力40,工期缩短42。 2、与其它各类滑模、爬模、翻模比,投资最少,每套翻模仅需2万元。 3、实现了3层模板每次翻2模,施工平台和模板全部用手动
16、葫芦提升,墩身内外均无支架施工,大大提高了施工进度,降低了劳动强度。 4、整套模板直接在工地上组装,无机械加工件,且材料回收利用率为100,结构设计合理,自重轻,每套仅为4t。施工平台一次组装成后,可逐步施工到墩顶,使用方便,砼内实外美,有利于创优, 从而赢得社会效益。十一、工程实例祁(县)临(汾)高速公路石村沟大桥采用ZF自升平台式大模板翻模施工了1#、2#、3#主墩，获得成功。祁(县)临(汾)高速公路右线石村沟大桥全长497m，主桥上部结构基准跨径组成为55m+2100m+55m630m，主跨为4跨连续刚构，共设9墩2台。其中主墩1#、2#、3#墩高分别为39m、63m、61 m，均为矩形
17、薄壁空心墩，墩身截面尺寸为6.54.5m，顺桥、横桥向墩壁厚分别为05m，06m。根据合同工期和本单位设备情况，安装了3套ZF自升平台式大模板翻模，每套自重为4t。砼垂直运输采用泵送，其它材料采用一幅50KN缆索吊机运输。人员上下用预埋在墩身上的爬梯上下。施工平台在承台上组装好后直接使用。墩身施工工效为：拆模立模至浇完2模(4m)高砼，连续时间只要25天，每套模板日进度达16m，具有滑模的高速度和大模板的外观质量，墩身外观大面光洁，色调一致，接缝平顺，无漏浆错台，墩身施工偏差始终控制在5mm以内。在整条祁(县)临(汾)高速公路，墩身施工采用无支架施工，材料运输采用缆索吊机的仅中铁十五局一处一家
18、，由于施工速度快，质量好，受到建设单位的奖励，节约工程投资30多万元，桥墩工期比计划提前2个月完成。二OO一年十月一日（英文版 ） Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and disci
19、pline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; around the party discipline, dis
20、ciplinary ruler requirements, listed as negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line . Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessi
21、ty and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to gras
22、p the implementation of the two regulations of the party. and revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines and column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulation
23、s focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited g
24、oals, adhere to the partys leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the and , reflects the partys 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the Gene
25、ral Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the partys eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of in based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of lead
26、ing cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second
27、 is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to clean the
28、theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. is in 1997 based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development
29、 of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is no
30、t prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need
31、to and the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party
32、 regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regula
33、tions made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 ti
34、mes held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part
35、of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general of
36、fice of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization
37、 of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau o
38、f the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, and revision of
39、the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the partys eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised and , highlighting the ruling party char
40、acteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent and . Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required spe
41、cific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held th
42、e eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules. the revision of the and is Method in adhere to the regulati
43、ons established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specif
44、ic requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue de, mainly refers to the partys ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the closely linked to the self-discipline, insisting on the positiv
45、e initiative, for all members, highlight the vital few, emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a negative list, emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for t