《独山县肉牛养殖基地建设项目.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《独山县肉牛养殖基地建设项目.doc（30页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、a bush school- the classrooms are made of bamboo and the roofs of grass. It takes me only a few minutes to walk to school down a muddy track. When I reach the school grounds there are lots of “good mornings” for me from the boys. Many of them have walked a long way, sometimes up to two hours, to get
2、 to school.Theres no electricity or water and even no textbooks either! Im still trying to adapt to these conditions. However, one thing is for sure, Ive become more imaginative in my teaching. Science is my most challenging subject as my students have no concept of doing experiments. In fact there
3、is no equipment, and if I need water I have to carry it from my house in a bucket! The other day I was showing the boys the weekly chemistry experiment when, before I knew it, the mixture was bubbling over everywhere! The boys who had never come across anything like this before started jumping out o
4、f the windows. Sometimes I wonder how relevant chemistry is to these students, most of whom will be going back to their villages after Year 8 anyway. To be honest, I doubt whether Im making any difference to these boys lives at all.You asked whether Im getting to know any local people. Well, thats a
5、ctually quite difficult as I dont speak much of the local English dialect yet. But last weekend another teacher, Jenny, and I did visit a village which is the home of one of the boys, Tombe. It was my first visit to a remote village. We walked for two and a half hours to get there- first up a mounta
6、in to a ridge from where we had fantastic views and then down a steep path to the valley below. When we arrived at the village, Tombes mother, Kiak, who had been pulling weeds in her garden, started crying”ieee ieee”. We shook hands with all the villagers. Everyone seemed to be a relative of Tombes.
7、Tombes father, Mukap, led us to his house, a low bamboo but with grass sticking out of the roof- this shows it is a mans house. The huts were round, not rectangular like the school buildings.There were no windows and the doorway was just big enough to get through. The hut was dark inside so it took
8、time for our eyes to adjust. Fresh grass had been laid on the floor and there was a newly made platform for Jenny and me to sleep on. Usually Kiak would sleep in her own hut, but that night she was going to share the platform with us. Mukap and Tombe were to sleep on small beds in another part of th
9、e hut,. There was a fireplace in the centre of the hut near the doorway. The only possessions I could see were one broom, a few tin plates and cups and a couple of jars.Outside Mukap was building a fire. Once the fire was going, he laid stones on it. When hot, he placed them in an empty oil drum wit
10、h kau kau (sweet potato) corn and greens. He then covered the vegetables with banana leaves and left them to steam. I sniffed the food; it smelled delicious. We ate inside the hut sitting round the fire. I loved listening to the family softly talking to each other in their language, even though I co
11、uld not participate in the conversation. Luckily, Tombe could be our interpreter.Later, I noticed a tin can standing upside down on the grill over the fire. After a short time Tombe threw it out of the doorway. I was puzzled. Tombe told me that the can was heated to dry out the leftover food. They b
12、elieve that any leftovers attract evil spirits in the night, so the food is dried up in the can and the can is then thrown out of the hut. Otherwise they dont waste anything.We left the village the next morning after many goodbyes and firm handshakes. My muscles were aching and my knees shaking as w
13、e climbed down the mountain towards home. That evening I fell happily into bed. It was such a privilege to have spent a day with Tombes family.Its getting late and I have to prepare tomorrows lessons and do some paperwork. Please write soon.Love,Jo THE WORLDS MOST USEFUL GIFT CATALOGUEWould you like
14、 to donate an unusual gift? Then this is the catalogue for you. The gift you give is not something your loved one keeps but a voluntary contribution towards the lives of people who really need it.Choose from this catalogue a really useful gift for some of the worlds poorest and bring hope for a bett
15、er future to a community in need.When you purchase an item, we will send you an attractive card for you to send to your special person. You can use the cards for any special occasion- weddings, births, birthdays, Christmas or anniversaries, etc.Unit 5 KEEP IT UP, XIE LEI Chinese student fitting in w
16、ellSix months ago Xie Lei said goodbye to her family and friends in China and boarded a plane for London. It was the first time she had ever left her motherland. “After getting my visa I was very excited because I had dreamed of this day for so long. But I was also very nervous as I didnt know what
17、to expect,” Xie Lei told me when I saw her waiting in a queue at the student cafeteria between lectures.Xie Lei, who is 21 years old, has come to our university to study for a business qualification. She is halfway through the preparation year, which most foreign students complete before applying fo
18、r a degree course. Xie Lei highly recommends it. “The preparation course is most beneficial,” she said. “Studying here is quite different from studying in China, so you need some preparation first.”“Its not just study thats difficult. You have to get used to a whole new way of life, which can take u
19、p all your concentration in the beginning,” explained Xie Lei, who had lived all her life in the same city in China. She told me that she had had to learn almost everything again. “Sometimes I felt like a child,” she said. “I had to learn how to use the phone, how to pay bus fare, and how to ask a s
20、hopkeeper for things I didnt know the English for. When I got lost and had to ask a passer-by for directions, I didnt always understand. They dont talk like they do on our listening tapes,” she said, laughing.Xie Lei lives with a host family who give her lots of good advice. Although some foreign st
21、udents live in student accommodation or apartments, some choose to board with English families. Living with host family, in which there many be other college students, gives her the chance to learn more about the new culture. “When I hear an idiom that I dont understand, I can ask my host family for
22、 help,” explains Xie Lei. “Also, when I miss my family, its a great comfort to have a substitute family to be with.”Xie Leis preparation course is helping her to get used to the academic requirements of a Western university. “I remember the first essay I did for my tutor,” She told me. “I found an a
23、rticle on the Internet that seemed to have exactly the information I needed. So I made a summary of the article, revised my draft and handed the essay in. I thought I would get a really good mark but I got an E. I was numb with shock! So I went to my tutor to ask the reason for his revision. First o
24、f all, he told me, I couldnt write what other people had said without acknowledging them. Besides, as far as he was concerned, what other people thought was not the most important thing. He wanted to know what I thought, which confused me because I thought that the author of the article knew far mor
25、e than I did. My tutor explained that I should read lots of different texts that contain different opinions and analyze what I read. Then, in my essay, I should give my own opinion and explain it by referring to other authors. Finally he even encouraged me to contradict the authors Id read! At first
26、 I lacked confidence, but now Im beginning to get the idea and my marks have improved. More importantly, I am now a more autonomous learner.”Xie Lei told me that she feels much more at home in England now, and what had seemed very strange before now appears quite normal. “Ive just got one more thing
27、 to achieve. I have been so occupied with work that I havent had time for social activities. I think its important to have a balance between study and a social life, so Im going to join a few clubs. Hopefully Ill make some new friends.”We will follow Xie Leis progress in later editions of this newsp
28、aper but for now, we wish Xie Lei all the best in her new enterprise. She deserves to succeed. PeruPeru is a country on the Pacific coast of South America. It has three main geographical areas: a narrow coastal belt; the Andes Mountains running parallel to the coast; and high, flat plains in the sou
29、theast. In the high plans area is Lake Titicaca, the highest lake in the world, on which boats can travel. Peru has abundant plants from desert grasses to vast areas of jungle.Once the centre of the powerful and extremely wealthy Inca Empire, much of South独山县肉牛养殖基地建设项目可行性研究报告 项目主管：独山县人民政府 项目实施：独山县康复
30、有限公司 项目申报：独山县残疾人服务总社 编制时间：二00二年七月三日独山县肉牛养殖基地建设项目可 行 性 研 究 报 告 项目名称：肉牛养殖基地项目地点：独山县羊凤乡麻纳村投资总额：450万元（其中：申请项目资金400万元，农户自筹资金50万元）建设规模：选建200户肉牛繁殖饲养户，养殖基础母牛1000头（户均5头），建植1000亩皇草饲料地，建设一个肉牛育肥示范场，牛育肥二次，育肥出栏肉牛600头。项目建设期：二年项目编制：独山县畜牧事业管理局编制时间：二三年五月八日目 录第一章 总论第二章 项目产品及市场需求分析第三章 项目建设总体方案设计第四章 项目技术可行性分析第五章 项目建设地选择
31、及主要工程设计第六章 项目建设内容及规模第七章 项目建设期及分期实施进度计划第八章 项目投资概算及资金筹措第九章 项目投资效益评价第十章 项目投资风险分析第十一章 项目实施组织与管理第十二章 结论 独山县肉牛养殖基地建设项目可行性研究报告第一章 总论第一节、项目提出的背景独山县具有可发展畜牧业草山草坡资源90万亩和25.3万亩的耕地资源,地处云贵高原向广西过渡的丘陵地带，是西南内陆通往沿海的交通要道，贵州的南大门、黔桂铁路、公路和贵新高等级公路贯穿县境南北，册三、独荔公路横贯东西，全县形成三纵五横的交通网，交通便利。在我国加入WTO之后，利用优越的自然条件和便利的交通优势，面向市场，大力发展畜
32、牧业在县委、政府的领导下，已得到各乡镇党委、政府和各部门的高度重视，力争建成贵州南部的畜牧大县，为此，建立专业合作组织，实施“公司+场+农户”等多种经营形式的畜牧产业化生产，是我县畜牧业发展的一种重要的组织生产方式和措施，加速肉牛生产是我县畜牧业发展重要的方向。第二节、项目经济及社会必要性评价随着我国加入世界贸易组织以后，畜牧业将是贸易自由化和中国加入WTO在农业部门内的主要受益行业。畜产品的出口将显著增长，为此，大力发展畜牧业是加速我县农村产业结构的调整需要，畜牧产业化建设是实现粗放经营的自然经济型农业向商品经济和市场经济型的现代农业转变，是今后政府工作的主要任务。建立以现代畜牧科技进行生产
33、的畜牧产业化道路建设是我县畜牧业产品适应竞争的必然趋势。第三节、项目经济、技术、管理可行性分析项目建设以“场+农户”的方式进行实施，技术依托独山县畜牧局，畜牧局现有技师5人，助理技师91人，有承担草地项目多年的经验，牛品改良在全州位列第二。以现代畜牧科学技术手段实施肉牛生产产业化经营，是现阶段进行项目建设较为先进的科学管理方式，技术有保证，产品有市场。项目实施后，户均增加纯收入2500元以上，促民增收。第二章 项目产品及市场需求分析第一节、项目产品分析牛肉营养丰富，蛋白质含量高于猪肉，胆固醇含量低，是其优于其它肉类产品而被注重营养保健的现代家庭生活所重视，其肉质鲜美细嫩不肥腻，易消化。牛皮是制
34、革工业的主要原料，近年来，随着人们生活水平的提高，牛肉的开发被普遍受到重视，食品工业和制革工业需求量不断加大，市场对牛肉和牛皮的需求在与日俱增。第二节、项目产品市场调查分析近年来，国外肉牛生产受疯牛病的影响，欧美等国大量在我国进口肉牛，因此，在我国加入世界贸易组织后，在全球经济一体化进程中，肉牛生产是我国农业产业结构调整中具竞争能力的产品，与国际市场同类产品相比，我国的牛肉生产在入世后有较大的竞争潜力。现今我县市场肉牛售价在每公斤活重9元以上。第三节、项目产品市场需求及预测分析以肉牛为原料进行加工生产的冷确肉、保鲜肉是人类生活中的主要食品，肉骨粉的生产在饲料工业正在逐步被开发利用，制革工业需大
35、量的牛皮，为肉牛生产提供了广泛的市场前景。随着我国加入“WTO”，国外肉牛生产受疯牛病影响而我国肉牛价格较低，均被国外客商看好，中国牛肉出口正在逐步扩大。至今，我国的肉牛生产属供不应求阶段，远远不能满足国内和国际市场的需求，因此，肉牛生产早起步、早受益。第三章 项目建设总体方案设计第一节、项目建设指导思想及原则项目建设以“场+农户”的方式进行组织实施，选择在农村中有一定文化、能接受技术培训的农户，通过项目实施，加速农村产业结构调整，增加农民收入。在市场竞争中，通过公司的信息、技术、服务，以科学的技术方式进行产业化经营，带领农民闯市场。第二节、项目建设总体方案及目标设计一、项目建设总体方案立足我
36、县农村素有养牛的传统生产习惯，充分发挥现行推广的牛改工作效应，一是改变役肉兼用为肉牛生产，实施西门达尔改良本地品种，实现肉牛生产繁殖母牛一代二元杂交化，商品肉牛育肥生产杂交二代三元化；二是改传统饲养为科学饲料育肥；三是改小农经济生产向专业化商品经济生产，充分利用经济杂交优势走商品化道路建设；四是改分散经营为产业化经济，通过以“场+农户”的方式，使肉牛商品生产上规模，成批量，树立肉牛生产商业品牌。建设肉牛繁殖、育肥、营销体系，实施办法为：选户进行繁殖饲养，建场进行育肥生产。对农户投贷基础母牛，建场回收肉牛进行育肥。1、专业户自筹资金进行基础设施建设，建植饲料生产基地为基础母牛饲养创造良好的环境条
37、件。2、育肥示范场，向专业户收购草，回收一岁杂交犊牛，实施配合饲料进行育肥生产和销售。二、目标设计通过以“场+农户”的肉牛生产方式，选择200户肉牛繁殖示范户，辐射带动周边群众的肉牛生产，推动全县的肉牛养殖，形成肉牛产业化生产。（一）、基础繁殖母牛饲养，建设1000头基础繁殖母牛基地（选择200户，户养5头），人工冷冻输配成活率达60%以上，牛繁殖犊牛600头（户均3头），第四年起实现基础母牛一代杂交化20%（200头），第五年40%（400头），第六年60%（600头），第七年80%（800头），第八年达100%（1000头），第九年后实现全部繁殖母代杂交一代化。（二）、育肥肉牛生产，杂交牛
38、周岁进入育肥场进行育肥，杂交一代周岁150kg，杂交二代200kg。经6个月180天的持续育肥，杂交育肥，杂交一代18个月龄出栏350kg，杂交二代450kg以上。（三）、皇草饲料作物生产。亩产1.5万公斤至2万公斤。（四）、产品生产计划1、项目专业户：对育肥场销售皇草和周岁育成牛，项目建设期2年。（1）出栏周岁，第三年出售400头（户均2头），选留200头杂交一代作后备基础母牛；第四年，600头（基中母牛200头，杂交一代400头）；第五年，600头（母牛200头，杂交一代400头），第六年，600头（母牛200头，杂交一代340头，二代60头）；第七年，600头（母牛200头，杂交一代28
39、0头，二代180头）；第八年，600头（母牛200头，杂交一代220头，二代180头）；第九年，出栏800头（母牛200头，杂交一代120头，二代480头）；第十年，600头，全部杂交二代三元化。（2）皇草，第三年至第八年，每年交售育肥场216万公斤；第九年后，每年交售324万公斤。2、育肥场：育肥6个月180天，每年周转2次，杂交一代育肥180天，出栏活重350kg,杂交二代育肥180天出栏活重450kg。通过回收专业户肉牛、购卖专业户生产的皇草，实施配合饲育肥生产。根据专业户的实际开支情况，项目实施第三年到第八年，每年育肥出栏400头，第九年后每年育肥600头，其中第三年至第五年，育肥杂交
40、一代肉牛，第六年育肥生产杂交一代340头，第二代60头，第七年，杂交一代280头，二代120头，第二代60头，第七年，杂交一代280头，二代120头，第八年杂交一代220头，二代180头，第九年杂交一代120头，二代480头，第十年育肥杂交二代600头。3、价格体系：根据市场价格，杂交一代周岁出栏1200元/头，杂交二代周岁牛出栏1600元/头，出栏肉牛活重9元/kg，皇草每公斤鲜草或青贮料0.1元,肉牛配合精料每公斤1.2元,淘汰母牛。第四年淘汰的母牛每头1400元，第五年每头1350元，第六年，每头1300元，第七年每头1250元，第八年每头1200元，每九年每头1150元。第二节、项目重
41、点建设内容1、选建示范专业户:2、实施圈舍改造:3、建植皇草饲料生产地:4、建设青贮窖:5、选购基础繁殖母牛:6、规化建设肉牛育肥场:第四章 项目技术可行性分析第一节、项目技术措施及选择评价项目实施以现代畜牧科技进行畜牧产业化建设，充分利用杂交优势进行育肥生产。技术措施：1、建立健全疾病防治措施，定期进行防疫和驱虫及产科疾病的防治。2、建立繁殖配种档案，实施人工冷冻输配；3、建立草畜平衡体系，选定饲养方案，实施全价配合饲料育肥生产；4、改变饲养方式，实施干平圈饲养。第二节、项目技术关键及保障条件项目技术关键是确保牛健康生长和配种繁殖的提高，因此为避免疫病造成的死亡，由保险公司对牛的疫病死亡风险
42、进行承保，在进行常规疾病防治的同时，重点做好产科疾病的防治，做好发情鉴定，配种前做好牛体卫生和精子活率的检查，选择精子在0.7以上的精液进行输配，提高基础母牛的配种的受胎率。第三节、项目技术先进性评价利用杂交优势进行肉牛生产是现阶段国内、国际肉牛产业较为先进的生产方式，所采取的技术措施：人工冷冻输配和配合饲料育肥生产是现代先进的畜牧科技手段。第五章 项目建设地选择及主要工程设计第一节、 项目建设地及条件评价项目实施地独山县羊凤乡，位于县城西南，距县城10km，地处107025 107030，北纬25044 25053 之间，海拔1268.5米,全乡14860人,少数民族占55%,总面积120.
43、09平方公里,辖11个行政村,94个村民小组。1、 资源条件：全乡耕地面积10771.39亩,其中旱地2626亩,水田8145.39亩,可开 发利用荒山草坡面积3万多亩,土质为壤土,保水、保肥性能较好。2、 气候条件：年平均气温14.6,极端最高气温35,极端最低气温0,年平均降雨量1330mm,无霜期270天,适宜各种农作物和家畜的生长繁殖。3、 交通条件：册三公路贯穿全乡，村组之间有乡村公路互连，交通条件较为便利，有利于产品的运输。4、 电力通迅：全乡村村通电，属国家电网供电，2002年以来已基本开通程控电话和移动通讯。5、 社会经济条件：全乡经济以农作物生产为主，商品化程度不高。2002
44、年全乡人均收入1100元，基中畜牧业收入占27%。6、 拟选址地点：项目选择在羊凤乡麻纳村，有7个村民组1008人，全村具有可开发利用的土地3000亩，位于册三公路旁，交通便利，通讯条件好，有利于建设肉牛产业集约化、商品化生产，形成独山县肉牛养殖示范园区。第二节、 项目建设主要工程设计一、 肉牛繁殖示范户，每户种植5亩皇草，养殖5头基础繁殖母牛，建设8立方米青贮窖4个，42平方米的圈舍，内设料槽、牛栏、牛床和排粪沟。1、 圈舍：长12米，高3米，宽3.5米，双坡式屋顶，半开放式牛舍，地面有斜坡,防滑的水泥地面建筑。2、 水料槽：建在牛舍内牛床前面，高出牛床10厘米，建设“U”型结构,前壁高30
45、厘米,后壁高60厘米,上口内宽60厘米,下底内宽40厘米,斜向一方,斜坡有利于水料冲洗,前壁用铁管埋栏。3、 牛床：每头牛床长1.8米，宽1.2米，防滑，向后斜。4、 排粪沟：内宽40厘米，深15厘米，斜向一方以利清扫。5、 给饲道：水料槽前宽1米，水泥地面。6、 青贮窖：倒圆台型，出料口80厘米，下底半径1米，上口半径1.2，高2米，水泥清光。7、 皇草饲料栽培：每亩栽培皇草1500株，施足底肥3000kg农家肥，株行距5050厘米。8、 运动场：每户100平方米。二、 育肥场。占地面积2000平方米，建设办公生活用房，饲料仓库和兽医室200平方米，育肥牛圈舍建设930平方米。1、 办公、生
46、活、饲料兽医室用房1幢，双层，层高3.2米，长20米，宽5米，上层为办公生活用房，下层为饲料仓库和兽医室用房，中间楼梯前面道，办公生活用房5间80米，饲料用房32平方米，兽医用房16平方米。2、 育肥牛圈舍，6栋，每栋长25米，宽6.2米，高3米，钟楼式屋顶，封闭式建设，对头双列式牛床布置，中间给饲道，内设牛床、牛栏、水槽、排粪沟。水料槽、排粪沟、给饲道同肉牛繁殖饲养户建设，牛床，每头长1.6米，宽1米，牛舍1.2米窗台，全透明采光。3、 水、电、路三通，场地平整，建设围墙。第六章 项目建设内容及规模一、 选择基础繁殖母牛饲养专业户200户。二、 饲养基础繁殖母牛100头（户均饲养5头）。三、
47、 建设母牛干平圈840平方米（户均42平方米）。四、 青贮窖建设6400立方米，每户建设8立方米的青贮窖4个，共32立方米。五、 建植皇草饲料地1000亩，每户栽种5亩。六、 育肥示范场建设。1、 场地平整2000m2；2、办公生活用房200m2；3、育肥牛圈舍建设930m2；4、围墙建设200m；5、水、电架设500m；6、饲料搅拌机1台；7、年育肥出栏肉牛400600头。第七章 项目建设期及分期实施计划项目建设期为二年：第一阶段：宣传发动。在麻纳村选择落实基础母牛饲养专业户，由农户自愿申请从事繁殖母牛养殖。第二阶段：技术培训。由技术部门完成，对选择从事繁殖母牛养殖专业户进行母牛养殖技术培训
48、和基础设施建设技术培训。第三阶段：基础设施建设。专业户按技术要求完成母牛养殖圈舍、青贮窖建设，配置牧草切割机。第四阶段：牧草饲料地建设。专业户按技术要求栽培高产饲料，栽种皇草，每户种植5亩。第五阶段：基础繁殖母牛配置。第六阶段：育肥示范场选址建设。第七阶段：项目生产管理。制定疫病防治制度、繁殖、育肥计划，建立疫病死亡保险，鉴定技术服务合同。第八章 项目投资概算及资金筹措一、 投资概算450万元（一）、母牛养殖专业户投资概算 311.2万元1、 基础建设 61.2万元(1) 繁殖母牛圈舍200户42m250元/m342万元(2) 青贮窖200户4个8m330元/m319.2万元2、 牧草切割机200台500元/台10万元3、 牧草饲料地建植(1)皇草 1