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1、高强化学螺栓施工技术2003-3-22 0:0【大 中 小】【打印】【我要纠错】一、前言化学螺栓锚固技术属于后加固技术。近几年来，在建筑翻新，建筑用途的改变，或现有建筑的改扩建等方面，化学螺栓锚固施工作为一种新型的、简便有效的后固定方法，在施工中得到了较为广泛的运用。1、化学螺栓的组成（见图1）化学螺栓由化学胶管、螺杆、垫圈及螺母组成。螺杆、垫圈、螺母（六角）一般有镀锌钢和不锈钢两种（也可按要求热镀锌）。化学胶管（或用塑料包装的药剂管）含有反应树脂、固化剂和石英颗粒。2、化学螺栓的有关参数钻孔深度：由锚栓类型及尺寸来决定需要的钻孔深度，除少数例外情况，它一般总大于锚固深度。在打孔时，钻孔深度的
2、控制尤为重要。如果使用与相应的厂家锚栓就有与之相匹配的自动保障孔深的钻机（例如德国慧鱼牌锚栓就有与之相匹配的高科技柱锥式万能钻头FZUB）钻孔，钻孔就很方便。锚固深度：从锚固基础结构表面到螺杆底端的距离，是影响其承载力的重要参数见图2.锚固厚度：锚固厚度等于被锚固物体的厚度。如果锚固基础至少有抹灰或瓷砖、绝缘层覆盖，则锚固的锚固厚度至少等于抹灰或瓷砖、绝缘层厚度加上被锚固物体的厚度见图2.边距：是指锚栓轴线至构件自由边缘的距离。问距：是指相邻锚栓轴线间的距离。构件厚度：是指锚固基础的厚度。为了发挥一个锚栓的最大承载能力，必须保障一定的间距、边距、构件厚度，其数据一般以厂家提供的技术参数为准。二
3、、适用范围1、适用于普通混凝土强度等级大于等于C15（未开裂混凝土），致密的天然石材。2、用于固定普通钢结构、底座、导轨、柱帽、柱脚、牛腿、栅栏、楼梯、幕墙、扁钢及型钢、预埋钢筋、埋入式模板等。三、特点：1、施工温度范围较宽，从1540。2、无膨胀力锚固，对混凝土不产生挤压应力，适用于各种基材，在强度较差的混凝土上表现更佳。3、安全方便（如喜利得螺栓药剂管特殊倒挂外形，保证垂直面吊挂施工时不坠落）。4、间距、边距小，适用于空间狭小处。5、安装操作便利，安装后能迅速固结，有较高的承载力。6、适用于重载及各种震动负载。7、锚固厚度较大。四、工艺原理：通过合成树脂砂浆粘合锚杆和孔壁，使锚杆、锚固基础
4、与被锚固对象形成一个整体，从而达到固定构件或提高构件承载力的效果。五、工艺流程：安装程序：钻孔-清孔-置入药剂管-钻入螺栓-凝胶过程-硬化过程-固定物体1、钻孔：先根据设计要求，按图纸间距、边距定好位置，在基层上钻孔，孔径、孔深必须满足设计要求。2、清孔：用空气压力吹管等工具将孔内浮灰及尘土清除，保持孔内清洁。3、置入药剂管：将药剂管插入洁净的孔中，插入时树脂在手温条件下能象蜂蜜一样流动时，方可使用胶管。4、钻入螺栓：用电钻旋入螺杆直至药剂流出为止。电钻一般使用冲击钻或手钻，钻速为750转/分。这时螺栓旋入，药剂管将破碎，树脂、固化剂和石英颗粒混合，并填充锚栓与孔壁之间的空隙。同时，锚栓也可以
5、插入湿孔，但水必须排出钻孔，凝胶过程及硬化过程的等待时间必须加倍。5、凝胶过程：保持安装工具不动，化学反应时间如表1.6、硬化过程：取下安装工具静待药剂硬化，化学反应时间如表1.7、固定物体：待药剂完全硬化后，加上垫圈及六角螺母将物体固定便可。六、质量要求及控制1、钻孔时最好使用与锚栓相匹配的钻头，并不得损伤钢筋。2、在施工之前，必须对锚栓作材料力学性能试验，经试验合格后，方可现场使用。3、在现场施工应做锚栓现场应用条件确定试验，以充分检验承载能力。试验不仅在低强度混凝土中进行，也要在高强度混凝土中进行。在测试中，其允许荷载、相应间距、边距构件厚度按生产厂的说明埋置锚栓。试验采用轴心拉力、剪力
6、及拉剪组合力，从而确定荷载方向对承载力的影响。4、清孔时必须将孔内尘土及浮灰清理干净。5、药管在冬施时，应提前对其进行保温处理，以保证药管在插入钻孔时有足够的流动性（在手温时，树脂象蜂蜜一样流动）。6、螺杆必须用电钻旋入，不许直接敲入。7、钻孔内不得有积水。七、施工实例及应用效果：在民族文化宫抗震加固工程段12层外墙边梁粘钢、段展厅及段观众厅马道固定中，采用YJ结构胶粘贴与化学螺栓锚固相结合的方法。段梁加固属于单侧加固，采用化学螺栓锚固，充分保证加固的整体效果，达到了设计及抗震加固的要求。上一篇：建筑设计意义及其方法初探下一篇：民用建筑装修消防安全隐患的原因及预防对策相关新闻（英文版 ） Tw
7、o regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of maj
8、or initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as negative list, focusing on v
9、ertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line . Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation o
10、f the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. and revise
11、d the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines and column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling
12、 the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the partys leadership, to solve the masses of the pe
13、ople reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the and , reflects the partys 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the pa
14、rtys eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of in based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the
15、party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provision
16、s excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to clean the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow
17、, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. is in 1997 based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully m
18、eet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution,
19、damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to and the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amend
20、ment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist
21、 Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations made clear instructions. According to the central deployment,
22、the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendm
23、ent clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first part
24、y committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solici
25、t the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission fo
26、r Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations r
27、evised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, and revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and impl
28、ement the partys eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised and , highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of th
29、e law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent and . Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consci
30、ousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection
31、 Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules. the revision of the and is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to ad
32、here to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the reg
33、ulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue de, mainly refers to the partys ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the closely linked to the self-discipline, insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the vital few, emphasized s
34、elf-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a negative list, emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction,
35、the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the
36、 present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the partys eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and to implement the central eight pro
37、visions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the and modified and needs to grasp several
38、key problems (a) adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specificatio
39、ns, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the self-discipline, removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, eight prohibi
40、tion 52 are not allowed to about the content of the negative list moved into synchronization amendment . Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The f
41、ourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised is the ruling Party since the f
42、irst insists on a positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National Peoples solemn commitment. criterion of a clean and honest administration consists of 4 parts, 18, more than 3600 words. After the revision of
43、 the , a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, the main contents can be summarized as four must eight code. Lead part, reiterated on ideal and faith, fundamental pu
44、rpose, the fine traditions and work style, noble sentiments, such as four must the principle of requirements, strong tone of self-discipline, The higher request for 6 and supervised tenet, the foothold in permanent Bao the partys advanced nature and purity, to reflect the revised standards requireme
45、nts. Members of self-discipline norms around the party members how to correctly treat and deal with the public and private, cheap and rot thrifty and extravagance bitter music, put forward the four norms. Party leader cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms for the leadership of the party members
46、 and cadres of the vital few, around the clean politics, from civil servant of the color, the exercise of power, moral integrity, a good family tradition and other aspects of the leadership of the party members and cadres of the four norms norm norm. The Party members self-discipline norms and party
47、 members and leading cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, a total of eight, collectively referred to as the eight. Four must and eight of the content from the party constitution and Partys several generation of leaders, especially Xi Jinping, general secretary of the important discussion, refer to the three discipline and eight points