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1、钢筋电渣压力焊工艺技术交底1 编制依据及实用范围钢筋焊接及验收规程JGJ18-2003钢筋焊接及验收规程条文说明JGJ18-2003T 本工艺标准适用于工业与民用建筑现浇钢筋混凝土结构中直径14 40mm的级竖向或斜向（倾斜度41范围内）钢筋的连接（HRB400最大允许焊接直径32mm）。2 施工准备 2.1 材料及主要机具： 2.1.1 钢筋：钢筋的级别、直径必须符合设计要求，有出厂证明书及复试报告单。进口钢筋还应有化学复试单，其化学成分应满足焊接要求，并应有可焊性试验。 2.1.2 焊剂。 2.2.2.1 焊剂的性能应符合GB5293碳素钢埋弧焊用焊剂的规定。焊剂型号为HJ401,常用的为
2、熔炼型高锰高硅低氟焊剂或中锰高硅低氟焊剂。 2.1.2.2 焊剂应存放在干燥的库房内，防止受潮。如受潮，使用前须经250300烘焙2h。 2.1.2.3 使用中回收的焊剂，应除去熔渣和杂物，并应与新焊剂混合均匀后使用。 2.1.2.4 焊剂应有出厂合格证。 2.1.3 主要机具： 2.1.3.1 手工电渣压力焊设备包括：焊接电源、控制箱、焊接夹具、焊剂罐等。 2.1.3.2 自动电渣压力焊设备（应优先采用）包括：焊接电源、控制箱、操作箱、焊接机头等。 2.1.3.3 焊接电源。钢筋电渣压力焊宜采用次级空载电压较高（TSV以上的交流或直流焊接电源。（一般32mm直径及以下的钢筋焊接时，可采用容量
3、为600A的焊接电源； 32mm直径及以上的钢筋焊接时，应采用容量为1000A的焊接电源）。当焊机容量较小时，也可以采用较小容量的同型号，同性能的两台焊机并联使用。 2.2 作业条件 2.2.1 焊工必须持有有效的焊工考试合格证。 2.2.2 设备应符合要求。焊接夹具应有足够的刚度，在最大允许荷载下应移动灵活，操作方便。焊剂罐的直径与所焊钢筋直径相适应，不致在焊接过程中烧坏。电压表、时间显示器应配备齐全，以便操作者准确掌握各项焊接参数。 2.2.3 电源应符合要求。当电源电压下降大于5%，则不宜进行焊接。 2.2.4 作业场地应有安全防护措施，制定和执行安全技术措施，加强焊工的劳动保护，防止发
4、生烧伤、触电、火灾、爆炸以及烧坏机器等事故。 2.2.5 注意接头位置，注意同一区段内有接头钢筋截面面积的百分比，不符合混凝土结构工程施工及验收规范有关条款的规定时，要调整接头位置后才能施焊。3 操作工艺 3.1 工艺流程：检查设备、电源钢筋端头制备选择焊接参数安装焊接夹具和钢筋安放铁丝球 (也可省去)安放焊剂灌、填装焊剂试焊、作试件确定焊接参数施焊回收焊剂卸下夹具质量检查 3.1.1 电渣压力焊的工艺过程：闭合电路引弧电弧过程电渣过程挤压断电 3.2 检查设备、电源，确保随时处于正常状态，严禁超负荷工作。 3.3 钢筋端头制备： 钢筋安装之前，焊接部位和电极钳口接触的（150mm区段内）钢筋
5、表面上的锈斑、油污、杂物等，应清除干净，钢筋端都若有弯折、扭曲，应予以矫直或切除，但不得用锤击矫直。 3.4 选择焊接参数： 钢筋电渣压力焊的焊接参数主要包括：焊接电流、焊接电压和焊接通电时间，参见表4-23。 不同直径钢筋焊接时，按较小直径钢筋选择参数，焊接通电时间延长约10%。 3.5 安装焊接夹具和钢筋：夹具的下钳口应夹紧于下钢筋端部的适当位置，一般为 1/2焊剂罐高度偏下510mm，以确保焊接处的焊剂有足够的淹埋深度。 上钢筋放入夹具钳口后，调准动夹头的起始点，使上下钢筋的焊接部位位于同轴状态， 钢筋电渣压力焊焊接参数 表4-23钢筋焊接焊接电压 (V)焊接通电时间 (s)直径(mm)
6、电流(A)电弧过程U2-1电渣过程U2-2电弧过程t1电渣过程t2162002504045222714418250300404522271552030035040452227175223504004045222718625400450404522272162850055040452227246326006504045222727736700750404522273084085090040452227339方可夹紧钢筋。 钢筋一经夹紧，严防晃动，以免上下钢筋错位和夹具变形。 3.6 安放引弧用的铁丝球（也可省去）。安放焊剂罐、填装焊剂。 3.7 试焊、作试件、确定焊接参数：在正式进行钢筋电渣压力
7、焊之前，必须按照选择的焊接参数进行试焊并作试件送试，以便确定合理的焊接参数。合格后，方可正式生产。当采用半自动、自动控制焊接设备时，应按照确定的参数设定好设备的各项控制数据，以确保焊接接头质量可靠。 3.8 施焊操作要点。 3.8.1 闭合回路、引弧：通过操纵杆或操纵盒上的开关，先后接通焊机的焊接电流回路和电源的输入回路，在钢筋端面之间引燃电弧，开始焊接。 3.8.2 电弧过程：引燃电弧后，应控制电压值。借肋操纵杆使上下钢筋端面之间保持一定的间距，进行电弧过程的延时，使焊剂不断熔化而形成必要深度的渣池。 3.8.3 电渣过程：随后逐渐下送钢筋，使上钢筋端都插入渣池，电弧熄灭，进入电渣过程的延时
8、，使钢筋全断面加速熔化。 3.8.4 挤压断电：电渣过程结束，迅速下送上钢筋，使其端面与下钢筋端面相互接触，趁热排除熔渣和熔化金属。同时切断焊接电源。 3.8.5 接头焊毕，应停歇2030s后（在寒冷地区施焊时，停歇时间应适当延长），才可回收焊剂和卸下焊接夹具。 3.9 质量检查：在钢筋电渣压力焊的焊接生产中，焊工应认真进行自检，若发现偏心、弯折、烧伤、焊包不饱满等焊接缺陷，应切除接头重焊，并查找原因，及时消除。切除接头时，应切除热影响区的钢筋，即离焊缝中心约为1.1倍钢筋直径的长度范围内的部分应切除。4 质量标准 4.1 保证项目； 4.1.1 钢筋的品种和质量，必须符合设计要求和有关标准的
9、规定。 注：进口钢筋需先经过化学成分检验和焊接试验，符合有关规定后方可焊接。 检验方法：检查出厂质量证明书和试验报告单。 4.1.2 钢筋的规格，焊接接头的位置，同一区段内有接头钢筋面积的百分比，必须符合设计要求和施工规范的规定。 检验方法：观察或尺量检查。 4.1.3 电渣压力焊接头的力学性能检验必须合格。 力学性能检验时，从每批接头中随机切取3个接头作拉伸试验。 4.1.3.1 在一般构筑物中，以300个同钢筋级别接头作为一批。 4.1.3.2 在现浇钢筋混凝土多层结构中，以每一楼层或施工区段的同级别钢筋接头作为一批，不足300个接头仍作为一批。 检验方法：检查焊接试件试验报告中。 4.2
10、 基本项目：钢筋电渣压力焊接头应逐个进行外观检查，结果应符合下列要求： 4.2.1 焊包较均匀，突出部分最少高出钢筋表面4mm。 4.2.2 电极与钢筋接触处，无明显的烧伤缺陷。 4.2.3 接头处的弯折角不大于4。 4.2.4 接头处的轴线偏移应不超过0.l倍钢筋直径，同时不大于2mm。 外观检查不合格的接头应切除重焊、或采取补救措施。 检验方法：目测或量测。5 成品保护 接头焊毕，应停歇2030s后才能卸下夹具，以免接头弯折。6 应注意的质量问题 6.1 在钢筋电渣压力焊生产中，应重视焊接全过程中的任何一个环节。接头部位应清理干净；钢筋安装应上下同心；夹具紧固，严防晃动；引弧过程，力求可靠
11、；电弧过程，延时充分，电渣过程，短而稳定；挤压过程，压力适当。若出现异常现象。应参照表4-24查找原因，及时清除。 6.2 电渣压力焊可在负温条件下进行，但当环境温度低于-20时，则不宜进行施焊。 雨天、雪天不宜进行施焊，必须施焊时，应采取有效的遮蔽措施。焊后未冷却的接头，应避免碰到冰雪。7 质量记录 本工艺标准应具备以下质量记录： 7.1 钢筋出厂质量证明书或试验报告单。 7.2 焊剂合格证。 7.3 钢筋机械性能复试报告。 7.4 进口钢筋应有化学成分检验报告和可焊性试验报告。国产钢筋在加工过程中发生脆断、焊接性能不良和机械性能明显不正常的，应有化学成分检验报告。 7.5 钢筋接头的拉伸试
12、验报告。 54 / 54（英文版 ） Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-par
13、ty supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as negativ
14、e list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line . Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is
15、 the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of
16、the party. and revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines and column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work la
17、sted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the partys leadership, to solve
18、 the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the and , reflects the partys 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important sp
19、eech, reflects the partys eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of in based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the
20、 party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of
21、 prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to clean the theme is not prominent, not for the existing pr
22、oblems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. is in 1997 based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have b
23、een unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the
24、 party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to and the two is likely to be more relevant re
25、gulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Commi
26、ttee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations made clear instructions. According to the
27、 central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulat
28、ions revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Depa
29、rtment The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issu
30、ed a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion.
31、Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of
32、the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, and revision of the basic principles of two party regulations r
33、evision work and implement the partys eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised and , highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline
34、 quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent and . Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party c
35、ompasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for
36、Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules. the revision of the and is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining ru
37、le of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in ac
38、cordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue de, mainly refers to the partys ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the closely linked to the self-discipline, insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the vi
39、tal few, emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a negative list, emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low,
40、a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existin
41、g in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the partys eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and to implement
42、the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the and modified and ne
43、eds to grasp several key problems (a) adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirem
44、ents and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the self-discipline, removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive ad
45、vocate, eight prohibition 52 are not allowed to about the content of the negative list moved into synchronization amendment . Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirement