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1、市政设计交流群：100624166 欢迎加入探讨城市交叉口渠化设计方法与评价以成都市为例摘要：在指出渠化概念及设计原则的基础上，分析了成都市交叉口的特色，同时结合了交叉口常用的渠化设计方法，以具体案例分析了具有成都特色的交叉口渠化设计方法，最后对这些渠化设计方法进行了评价。 关键词：交叉口；渠化；方法；评价随着城市经济社会的不断发展，交通需求与供应之间的矛盾越来越突出，道路交通拥挤情况越来越严重，而在交叉口处 “瓶颈”现象也日益突出。因此如何使车辆、行人迅速便捷地通过交叉口，是提高城市交通运行效率的关键。在交叉口除了通过信号灯等交通管理手段对车辆、行人进行控制外，交叉口渠化设计对于提高道路、交
2、叉口的通行能力，缓解交通阻塞，降低事故等都具有很大的现实意义。交叉口的渠化设计方法，正是在这种背景下产生并发展起来的。渠化设计具有投资少，见效快，极大地提高道路网络运输效率等优点。因此渠化设计已经越来越受到欢迎，但每个城市有各自的交通特点，同时各交叉口的情况又不尽相同。如何根据成都市具体情况，用渠化方法设计出具有成都特色的交叉口正是本文探讨和研究的重点。1.渠化概念及渠化设计作用道路交通渠化，就是在道路上使用交通标志、标线或用各种岛状构造物，或将路面漆刷成不同颜色，或利用护栏、分隔带、隔离墩以及其它设施和方法，对行人与各种不同车型、不同方向、不同速度及不同运动状态的交通流进行引导、隔离和管制，
3、使交通实体像渠内水流一样顺着一定的方向和线路，互不干扰安全有序的运行，以达到分离和控制交通流的目的。渠化设计的作用主要体现在2个方面：1是规范车辆行驶、减少车流冲突，有效组织车流有序地经过交叉口，最大限度地发挥道路资源的利用率；2是能够有效地保证行人和自行车的安全，减少车流的冲突。2.成都市交叉口特色2.1交通组成复杂、交通组织困难如图1所示为成都市居民出行方式的构成图，以及部分城市的出行方式构成表(表1)，由图表可知，成都交通方式中步行和自行车所占比例很大，其中电动自行车的比例比其它城市更大。这样在一定程度上加剧了成都市交叉口交通组成的复杂度，尤其是非机动车与机动车之间的矛盾比较突出，而且电
4、动自行车的速度介于自行车和机动车之间，电动自行车与非机动车之间也存在着矛盾冲突，这种特殊的情况也将导致成都市交通交叉口设计的特殊性。? 2.2交叉口空间资源充足 如表2所示，通过部分大城市之间的道路空间资源对比可知，红线宽度、路幅宽度、车道平均宽度都大致相同，但是交叉口的面积以成都最大，这样就为后面利用一些比较特殊的渠化方法提供了可能性和有效性。2.3交叉口非机动车组成量大 由表1可以看出来与其它平原城市类似，成都非机动车的比例也很大，这样在设计交叉口市就要特别重视非机动车对交叉口设计的影响。3.设计流程4.渠化设计常见方法 1）拓宽进口道由冲突点法可以知道，车辆通过1个冲突点的能力为：2）提
5、前右转弯提前右转可以缓解交叉口交通拥挤的现象，其原理（以成都市六棵树路口交叉口的渠化设计为例，如图4所示）在于通过让某南北方向进口道的车辆提前右转，驶出交叉口，从而提高交叉口的通行能力。由于不存在与其它流向的车辆产生冲突，因而对交叉口的干扰非常小。据有关研究表明，一个提前右转车道就能够将交叉口的通行能力提高到原来的120。但是提前右转的条件是，交叉口有充分的空间使得设置提前右转车道而不影响非机动车辆和行人的过街通行。3）人行横道以及网格线前移 人行横道以及网格线前移可以减少车辆通过交叉口的通行时间，尽可能多的让更多的车辆在信号周期中的绿灯时间通过，提高绿灯时间的车辆通行率，大概率地减少车辆的延
6、误，同样人行横道以及网格线前移也需要交叉口有足够的空间为前提（如图5所示）。如果交叉口的空间不够，就会导致各个方向的车流产生很大的冲突，尤其加剧对向车道左转方向的车流冲突，导致交通安全隐患。 4）利用立体空间差异立体空间差异主要是指利用纵向高度的不同。以成温路口渠化设计为例（如图6所示）在设计时，非机动车驻足区行人驻足区域分别高出行车道路面大约5cm及3cm，而且在非机动车驻足区和行人驻足区域与路面用比较缓和的坡度衔接，以保证行人过街的舒适感，并保障非机动车的行驶速度，具有人性化的设计思想。5） 绿化带阻隔在成都市飞速发展的大背景下道路交通环境非常需要绿化。绿化带阻隔除能提高道路运行的安全性外
7、，还能够吸附空气中的尘埃，净化汽车尾气中的有害气体，改善城市生活的人居环境。如图7所示，绿色部分均为绿化设施，道路边缘的绿篱阻隔可以减少行人与非机动车、机动车之间的干扰，提高道路的通行能力，保障道路的交通安全。交叉口4角上均有3个绿化岛，旁边的2个绿化岛可以防止机动车因车速太快冲入非机动车和行人驻足区域。中间的安全绿化岛可以保证右转车流沿比较固定的路线顺畅通过交叉口。6） 导流线引导车流走向 导流线引导车流走向主要是通过在交叉口路面画出冲突比较严重的车流的行驶路线，使之引导车流走向，规范车流的行驶方向，避免交叉口交通运行的紊乱。（如图8所示）7） 交叉口转弯处采用流线性设计 以成都市科华路口渠
8、化设计为例，图形中的红色网格区域的周边均采用了流线性设计，比较符合非机动车和机动车的行驶轨迹，充分体现了人性化，此外，对交叉口的交通流的走向还具有诱导作用（如图9所示）。5.渠化设计评价 渠化设计方案的定量评价主要以通行能力、饱和度、车辆的平均延误为指标，以高升桥路口渠化方案设计为例进行评价，该路口基本上运用了以上几种方法，具有很强的代表性。由前后对比可知，该路口的渠化设计方案是比较成功的。 6.结语交叉口渠化的方法比较多，但是如何根据具体的地理位置环境，设计出具有地方特色的交叉口，即既能满足交通需求，又能反应地方文化底蕴，是一个比较困难的问题，本文结合实际情况提出了一系列符合成都“市情”的渠
9、化方法，相信对有效地解决交叉口的交通问题有一定的借鉴意义。参考文献：1陈洪仁.道路交叉设计M.北京：人民交通出版社，1991.62道路交通秩序管理.北京：北京市公安交通管理局，2001.53史玉娟，贺瑞华，杨孝宽.CORSIM模型在北京信号交叉口的适用性研究J.交通运输工程与信息学报，2004,2(4): 71-764杨晓光.城市道路交通设计指南M.北京：人民交通出版社，20065刘传锋，蒋永才，毛化冰.交叉口交通渠化组织设计J.中国市政工程，1998(4)：1-46马建明,任福田，刘小明,等.信号交叉口交通组织优化设计J.北京工业大学学报，2001，27(2)：237-2397徐吉谦主编.交
10、通工程总论M.北京：人民交通出版社，20028刘灿齐.现代交通规划学M.北京：人民交通出版社，2001The method and estimation of citys traffic channelization design Take Chengdou for example/Yang Bo1 ， Liu Haizhou2（1.College of Traffic and Transportation,Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031）；2.College of Traffic and Transportation,Chongqi
11、ng Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074)Abstract：The paper analyzes characteristic of the intersection in chengdu and gives the method of traffic channelization design which can reflect the characteristic of Chengdu based on the concept and design principle, Analyzes the road intersection channeliz
12、ed method of Chengdu characteristic by the concrete case , gives an estimation of traffic channelization design in Chengdu.Keywords:Intersection ;Channelization ;Method ;Estimate-本文源自transsbbs 网（英文版 ） easily blame, to prevent the broken window effect. Supervise the leading cadres to play an exemplar
13、y role, take the lead in the strict implementation of the and , lead to safeguard the solemnity and authority of the party discipline, ensure that the party discipline and the laws and regulations for implementation in place. Throughout the discipline in the daily supervision and management, strengt
14、hen supervision and inspection, from the thorough investigation of violations of discipline behavior. Strengthen to key areas, key departments and key projects as well as the masses reflect the concentration of the units and departments for supervision. - strengthening supervision, discipline inspec
15、tion and supervision of cadres to set an example for compliance with the and is a man must be hexyl, blacksmith needs its own hardware. Discipline inspection organs as the executor of the party discipline, and supervisor of the defenders, for its supervision must be more strictly, discipline inspect
16、ion and supervision of cadres to firmly establish the awareness of Party Constitution, sense of discipline and rules consciousness, politics loyalty, sense obey. Action speak Ji Ordinance to set an example of the regulations of the rule of law, strengthen supervision and accept the supervision of th
17、e firmness and consciousness, do comply with and . To firmly establish the discipline must first be disciplined, the supervisor will be subject to the supervision of concept, and consciously safeguard and implement party compasses party, take the lead in practicing three strict real strict, so loyal
18、, clean, play. To be good at learning, the Constitution and the as morality, politics and brought to fruition; to implement , do not want to, dare not, not with disciplinary ruler to supervision; to discipline a ruler, often the control inspection, and consciously in the ideological red line to draw
19、 the row Ming Good accumulation is indeed the bottom line, so that the heart has fear, said to have quit, the line has ended. Attached: indifferent to heart, calmly to the table in our life, there are many unpredictable things will happen, some good, some bad things, we cannot control is powerless t
20、o stop, but with time, you will find in life sometimes turns out to be not good, some bad things finally turned out to be a good thing, but then we muddy however did not know, this is the life teach us things. 1, life can be complex, can also be simple. Want simple life of precipitation, to have eno
21、ugh time to reflect, to make Become more perfect. Life is the most important thing is not to win, but the struggle; not to have conquered, but to have fought well. 2, the plain is the background of life. Live a plain life, give up on themselves is not a coward, but the wise answers; not disillusione
22、d after the heart, such as ashes, but experience the storm after the enlightenment; not unrewarding perfunctorily, but calm attitude of life of unrestrained self-confidence. Plain living, there is no noise noisy, no earthly troubles, more did not fill in the discontent of desire, some just a calm, a
23、 calm. 3, memory of heart will not good things to erase the, life is a When no movie, pain is a beginning, the struggle is a kind of process, death is a kind of ending. Give up this giving up is the helpless, do not give up the abandoned, do not give up this giving up is ignorance, do not give up sh
24、ould not give up is persistent. 4, a thing figured is heaven, think impassability is hell. Since the living, to live better. Sometimes we because of too narrow-minded, too care around the chores and penny wise and pound foolish, not worth the candle. Some things to attract trouble and worry, complet
25、ely depends on how we look at and deal with it. Dont always take everything back to things, and dont get into a blind alley, dont want to face, dont be narrow-minded. Poke to care, is a kind of open-minded, a free and easy. 5, I am not afraid of others behind me a knife, I afraid to look back and se
26、e stab me, is my intention to treat people; I am not afraid of the truth to tell the best friend, Im afraid he turned to it as a joke to tell dont 6, when we are in a positive frame of mind, you will find many good things; and when we are in a negative state of mind, you will find many depressed thi
27、ngs; life happy and worry, all is you of life attitude, optimistic, good luck; loss of sink, Eritrea company. When you are in adversity, may wish to change a point of view to think everything over to the good Think, because good mentality decided the fate of the! 7, people are tired, rest; heart tir
28、ed, calm. Grow up, mature, this society read. Tired and sad, squat down, to their a hug. Because the world no one can sympathize with you, have mercy on you. You cry, tears is your own; you pain, no one can understand. Then you only tears to smile. 8, each people have youth,Each youth are a story, t
29、he life of the world never gets easier, I want what, wish the world all know, as has been the same; now want anything, for fear that others know, or like to lose the same. 9, the heart move, everything in the world is followed by birth, Rangrang, important thing is often the most difficult to open o
30、nes mouth, because words will reduce its importance; to let strangers people care about your life in the good things, the original is not easy 10, do not blame, do not laugh at who, also dont envy who. Like a person is a kind of feeling, not like a person is true. The truth is easy to explain, I fee
31、l Is unspeakable. The best travel life is that you in a strange place found a long lost touched. 11, happy life not in the bustling in, and in the peace of mind; no matter how many grievances, how uncomfortable, and ultimately to heal themselves or their own, others may got you to comfort, but never
32、 know your heart is how wanjianchuanxin. 12, maam, like a movie, learn to appreciate, learn to be grateful, learn tolerance, and goodness, helping others. Instead of accusing the society, as into one; and an exception is better to give than to what 13, dont envy him A sum of, dont lose your life and
33、 the life, respectively is: the former is a we experienced cannot escape in a day finally will last minute, while the latter is our persistent, we want to cherish the memory of those people and things. 14, learn to smile, learn to strong, the world you know so many people, so many people and you are
34、, you cannot change also cant let everyone like you, so also do not want to do. Life is too short to go crazy to love to go to waste, to chase the dream to regret. 15, when temper, a blessing to go. A wounding elegant people, the key is to control their own emotions. With the mouth is the most stupi
35、d behavior. A control negative emotions than a can take a city more powerful water flow slow, language is expensive. People spent two years of time to learn to speak, but to spend a few years time to shut up. That is a kind of ability, that is a kind of wisdom. 16, life is not perfect, sometimes, gr
36、owth is not a cry, not an eyeful of tears, there is no trace of emotion, there is no gleam of hope, no desire, no action, no static, there is only one kind of downward sinking feeling, sink A murky? 6? 7? 6? 7 sink? 6? 7? 6? 7 toward the bottom of the sink. 17, in some way, do not go, you will not k
37、now the other side scenery is beautiful. To you is not good, you do not mind too much, no one has an obligation to you; you learn knowledge, is you have weapons, you can start from scratch, but not unarmed; how do you treat people, does not represent how others treat you, if cannot see through this
38、point, only inviting worry. 18, time is like a sponge in the water, as long as you are willing to squeeze, the total water is still there. Every life, after the ups and downs The best test of live, to life, survival and continuation, do not stop the struggle in the joys and sorrows of life on the ro
39、ad, so that different soul to bear life beat, acceptance of suffering. 19, indifferent to heart, calmly in table, elegant and comfortable life, do not take what is so important. The pursuit will be disappointed; to be alive, you will have trouble. Life is the most afraid of what all want to care abo
40、ut, but also what all grasp is not firm, without scenery, separated populations, such as not to desire, all docked in the fate of the end. Why is too rigid, the natural, to go stay not to live, let go of obsession, revel is 20, if the fate of the broken Hopes of sailing, please dont despair, the coa
41、st is still, if the fate of the withered petals of the beautiful, please do not sink, the spring is still, life will always be endless trouble, please dont helpless, because they are still alive, is still a dream, the sun still, we still. Lost, keep memories; to get, must work to; but the most impor
42、tant is good to cherish their own. 21, life, select the complex, is to choose the pain; choose a simple, is choose to be happy. The complex world like aSignificance of pride. Hope is the ornate palace, outside people admiring the magnificent, living in the deep knowledge of living it to pay the pric
43、e. Simple world as a simple log cabin outside ridiculed shabby, the heart is willing to go live to know the joy. Suffering and joy is their own choice. 22, learn how to use a single powerful heart, let the past be the past, let the future come. Life is really the end of the end of an eagle is flying
44、 wings, life is constantly pursuit. Dont miss to regret, dont wait for old just miss. Time to return, seize every moment, again painstakingly again tired also Those struggling to fly. 23, life could not Yimapingchuan, even flat pavement, inevitably there will be a few pieces of roadblocks. Some of t
45、he rocks around the past, while others have to move it out. Just move others put the stone is very easy, because the stone from the appearance we can discern; difficult to myself to move away the heart of stone head. Leave time to spend with her, often reflect my heart, so as to remove your heart of
46、 stone. 24, everything does not have to be demanding, come to, everything does not have to care about, over the past; failing to do not frown, laugh it laugh. Results Dont demand, do to; life is a simple, calm and peaceful. Always not to choose their own path and regret, life is like a train, the sc
47、enery and then the United States will retreat, the passage of time and encounter will eventually drifting further and further away, before is always himself. 25, everyone has a weakness, weakness is true humanity. That has no weakness, a shallow person. That people think there is no weakness, mostly
48、 false. Life has shortcomings, there are shortcomings is the real life. That no one regret, or childish or numbness or Self deception. It is in tolerance of weakness and so on to accept, people live happily.Hello, everyone! I am a party member. The title of my speech is: study and implement the partys two laws, doing practical play highway. 2015 October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China promulgated the implementation of the and