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1、 城市污水水解厌氧微氧联合处理工艺摘要：研究结果表明：在总HRT不超过8.5h（水解2.5h、厌氧4.0h、微氧2.0h），平均温度为19，进水浓度为300 50mg/L时，总COD和SS的去除率分别可达75和80以上。总出水COD 、BOD、SS 完全达到国家二级排放标准。微氧单元对厌氧出水中残余有机物去除效果良好，HRT不超过2h，DO控制在0.20.5mg/L左右，进水为150mg/L时，去除率可达53以上。微氧污泥沉降性能良好，SVI38.8ml/g。水解厌氧微氧工艺在突出低能耗的前提下，达到了较高的有机物去除率，与现有的城市污水处理工艺相比有一定的优越性。 关键词：城市污水 水解 厌
2、氧 微氧 厌氧后处理 我国水环境污染源的5060为城市污水，城区内大量污废水不经处理直接排入天然水域，造成水环境严重污染【1】。近年来城市污水厌氧处理取得了很大的发展，几种不同的厌氧处理过程，都取得了较好的效果【2】【3】。本研究正是充分利用已取得的成果，最大限度地发挥生物技术的优势，开展多种厌氧单元的工艺组合而提出的一种新型厌氧处理工艺流程。在实验室规模对全流程进行了可行性研究，重点探索了用微氧工艺处理厌氧出水的可行性与工艺条件；在中试规模对水解厌氧串联工艺处理城市污水进行了考察。研究表明水解厌氧微氧联合处理工艺在总停留时间与传统工艺相当的条
3、件下，处理城市污水具有省能、污泥产量低、能有效地控制污泥膨胀等优点。实现了污水污泥同时处理的目的。1 试验设备和材料1.1 试验流程城市污水水解厌氧微氧联合处理工艺试验流程如图1所示。 图1 试验装置及工艺流程图1.2 试验水质及接种污泥 试验用水为北京市环境保护科学研究院所处小区排出的生活污水，试验水质见表1，接种污泥为北京市密云污水处理厂的剩余污泥。 表1 试验用生活污水水质情况1）名称温度()pHCODt (mgL-1)CODf (mgL-1)SS (mgL-1)VFA(mgL-1)最大值258.0500
4、320.724287.4最小值11.57.9185.597.67024.5平均值18.257.95346.3221.212751.311）CODt ：总COD； CODf ：滤纸过滤后的COD; SS ：悬浮物； VFA ：挥发性有机酸。1.3 测定项目每日测定COD、VFA、SS。不定期测定MLSS和厌氧污泥活性。2 试验运行 水解池、厌氧池、微氧池的接种污泥取自北京市密云污水处理厂剩余污泥，由于该厂采用水解好氧处理工艺，所以水解、厌氧池的污泥几乎不用驯化培养
5、，微氧池的污泥经曝气（DO=24mgL-1）两周后，控制曝气量（DO=0.20.5mg.L-1）。整个试验完全在环境温度下运行，流程总的HRT为8.5h（水解2.5h、厌氧4h、微氧2h）。微氧单元DO控制在0.20.5mg/L。试验经过小试和中试规模的研究，运行稳定，效果较好，达到了试验预期目标。3 试验结果及讨论3.1水解厌氧的运转结果 在中试规模（Q=0.6m3/h）考察了水解厌氧串联工艺处理城市污水的能力及工艺的运行稳定性。实验运行了8个多月，运行稳定。试验结果见表2及图2，从表2和图2 可以看出，在常温条件下（1025），进水COD在30
6、050mg/L左右时，采用水解（HUSB）厌氧（UASB水解-厌氧串联工艺处理城市污水可以取得50CODt和70的SS去除率，且运行稳定。冬季温度下降去除率略有下降，但就总体来说要比一级厌氧去除率要高，厌氧出水的COD值，约在100200mg/L之间变化，后续微氧处理过程的负担大大地减轻，并且厌氧出水的VFA较低，有利于后续的微氧处理，不会出现污泥膨胀。 表2 水解（HUSB）厌氧（UASB）两级厌氧运转结果项目710月(2026)1012月(2013)CODtCODfSSVFACODtCODfSSVFA水解池进水出水去除率%314.122528.3187.8153.118.5127
7、.474.941.24838.1363.630017.5223.6191.614.3143.292.151.151.850.2厌氧池进水出水去除率%225154.931.2153.1100.934.174.942.132.838.117.1300227.324.2191.6141.82692.143.24950.236.9总去除率% 50.646.367 37.636.470 图2 水解厌氧对污染物的去除效果历日变化曲线 3.2 微氧单元的运转结果 在实验室规模对全流程进行了可行性研究，重点探索了用微氧工艺处理厌氧出
8、水的可行性与工艺条件；本试验采用的厌氧出水水质情况见表3，从表3可以计算出，厌氧出水COD中包含40以上的悬浮物和胶体性COD，这部分COD采用简单的沉淀很难去除。本研究利用胶体物质可以被微生物快速吸附和微氧条件下有机物的降解规律【4】，采用微氧工艺对水解-厌氧的出水进行处理。试验装置为有污泥回流的完全混合反应器，反应器内径为9.0cm的有机玻璃柱，柱高150cm，污水由底部进入，在柱底进行曝气。微氧单元的HRT为2h，DO 控制在0.20.5mg/L。试验连续运行5个月，运行稳定，效果较好。（1）实验结果试验结果见图3和表4，表4为平均结果。从表4 可以看出，经过厌氧处理的城市污水只需简短的
9、微氧处理，总COD就可以降至70 mgL-1左右，溶解性COD低于30mgL-1。图3 微氧单元对污染物去除效果的历日变化曲线 表4 微氧单元平均运转结果 / mgL-1 名称进水出水去除率CODt15070.453%CODf87.524.177.0%SS58.742.727.6%（2） 微氧污泥性
10、能分析 系统运行稳定后，微氧污泥性能良好，微氧污泥的SVI值的变化情况见图4。平均值为38.8 mlg-1 ，VSS/SS47。污泥性状介于厌氧絮状污泥和好氧污泥之间，污泥粘性不及好氧污泥，颜色为灰黑色。污泥生长较慢，生长率(VSS/COD)平均约为0.061，污泥龄约为30d，所以污泥剩余量很少，降低了污泥处理费用。在试验运行的半年中，没有污泥膨胀现象。 图4 试验中污泥的SVI 值变化情况（3） 微氧工艺与好氧工艺的比较 作为厌氧后处理工艺，微氧工艺与好氧工艺相比，曝气量减
11、少，微氧工艺的气水比仅为1：4，从而大大减少曝气电耗。另外微氧工艺中污泥生长量为0.061kg/kgd左右，污泥产量低，节省了污泥处理费用，且微氧工艺有效地控制了污泥膨胀。但微氧污泥不及好氧污泥粘性好，有细小的悬浮物不易沉降。3.3 本工艺与现有城市污水厌氧处理工艺的比较 目前主要的城市污水厌氧工艺流程有以下两种：（1）水解好氧处理工艺；（2）厌氧好氧处理工艺。 本工艺是在总结了以上两种处理工艺的优点和缺点的基础上，而提出的一种新的城市污水厌氧处理工艺，与以上两种工艺相比有以下优点：1在总HRT相当的条件下，微氧单元的气水
12、比为1：4，DO控制在0.20.5mg/L，进一步减少了好氧阶段的曝气量；2采用水解厌氧串联工艺VFA很低，后续的微氧单元避免产生污泥膨胀，且微氧负荷已很低，进一步减少能量消耗；3进水中的悬浮物大部分被水解反应器截留，后续的厌氧反应器进水可生化性、污泥活性、稳定性及沉淀性皆好，厌氧污泥SVI平均为40mlg-1，VSS/SS=45.5%。4 结论（1）通过试验研究，用水解厌氧微氧处理城市污水在总停留时间不超过8.5小时（水解2.5h，厌氧4.0h，微氧2.0h）的条件下，进水COD浓度在30050mg/L时，CODt和SS的去除率分别达到75%和80以上，出水中的CODt，SS分别低于70mg
13、/L和30mg/L。达到了国家二级排放标准中相应指标的要求，这是一种省能的城市污水处理新工艺。（2）本工艺与“水解好氧”“厌氧好氧”工艺相比，在总停留时间相当的情况下，微氧工艺的气水比为1：4左右，DO为0.20.5mg/L，减少好氧阶段的曝气量。在本实验室条件下，整个系统每日仅从微氧池排出少量的污泥，污泥产率VSS/COD约为0.018，更进一步降低了能耗与污泥的处理费用。（3）微氧工艺对厌氧出水中的残余有机物去除效果良好。本试验中，停留时间不超过2h，气水比为1：4，溶解氧为0.20.5 mgL-1，进水COD平均为150 mgL-1时，出水CODt为70mgL-1，去除率可达53%以上。
14、参考文献：1 蒋展鹏等. 城市污水强化一级处理的研究进展， 中国给水排水，1998，14（5）：28322 贺延龄. 废水的厌氧生物处理 中国轻工业出版社 1998, 4694903 Collivignarelli. Anaerobic-Aerobic Treatment of Municipal Wastewaters With Full-Scale Uoflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket and Attached Biofil Reactors, Wat.sci.tech.,1990,22:475-482, 4王凯军. 生活污水厌氧后处理工艺研究微氧升流
15、式污泥床反应器.中国给水排水，1998，14（3）：2023/Porganization system and working mode, the selection of a number of municipal strengthening group to build innovation and strengthen the organization of the basic level organizations advanced model.(seven) the manual work of the Communist Youth League Organization publ
16、ished and League branch of manual work, to promote the use of two manuals in the citys organizations at various levels. The county committee, directly under the group (work) is under the jurisdiction of grassroots League and group (total) using branch ratio shall not be less than 70%.Three, to furth
17、er strengthen the groups leadership and team building(a) to strengthen the leagues leadership at all levels of construction. Continue to do a good job of municipal Party Committee Organization Department on the strengthening of the Communist Youth League cadres management opinions implementation. To
18、 promote the group counties (autonomous counties, cities) Commission and city directly under the group (workers) appointed to carry out the Five team building activities. Improve the League Association Department working mechanism. Conscientiously fulfill the duties of CO, combined with the city gro
19、up directly under (the) Committee of the general election and the adjustment, actively jointly with the unit where the party organization department good group leadership selection with the work. Do a good job in municipal Party committee assistant committee leadership and leading cadres of the annu
20、al assessment work, adhere to and improve the assistant secretary of the Communist Youth League talk system group To weave individual conversation and collective conversation, to strengthen the committees of all levels, the Standing Committee of the Standing Committee, the establishment of a sound s
21、ystem of central group learning, the system of investigation and study, the system of important issues and the reporting system.(two) to strengthen the work of education and training of cadres to conscientiously implement the Central Committee. On the implementation of grassroots cadres training pro
22、ject and opinions on carrying out the mission municipal CYL Cadres training project implementation opinions, full implementation of the project of the City Youth League cadres training education. Focus on the county grassroots cadres and workers focused on training, the new school system vocational
23、training League cadres, for the Municipal Organization Department jointly held the third session of the Communist Youth League system training cadres in party. Focusing on the construction of new socialist countryside, strengthening village cadres and rural construction team group member of the youn
24、g team, the county organizations at various levels throughout the year is expected to train 100 00 rural grassroots cadres, plans to train 1000 village secretary of the village Party branch.(three) actively promote grassroots cadres election work. Under the unified leadership of the party organizati
25、on, to strengthen grassroots organizations direct work, standardize the election work rules and procedures, in the designated candidate, open competition to democratically elected branch secretary at the same time, actively and steadily the development of Township, streets and other grassroots organ
26、izations in the direct election of the pilot work, on the basis of summarizing the experience and gradually expand the scope of the pilot, and gradually formed a set of measures and cadres election system.(four) to strengthen the cadres testing exercise. To study the development of XX city from 2006
27、 to 2008 cadres testing exercise planning. To select outstanding cadres to the central mission in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and other central organs and sending work in developed areas. With the Central Committee the implementation of the western region and ethnic minorities cadres training plan
28、. To carry out the eighth batch of municipal organs attachment cadre management, selection, training work. The outstanding cadres to start the National Development Bank XX branch testing exercise.(five) to strengthen the group construction. The main position to play the role of Youth League cadre ed
29、ucation and training as the city, in accordance with the requirements of post training, further curriculum scientifically and rationally, adopt arrangement menu course, basic theory includes group work, focus, hot and difficult issues, to enhance the content and practice; to strengthen the construct
30、ion of teaching staff, the integration of teachers, establish a quality teacher training team, establish and implement course evaluation system; take delivery of training to the countryside, on-site training, and increase the rural grassroots cadres training efforts.Four, efforts to strengthen the w
31、ork of young talent(a) to tenth XX young 54 medal in recognition of the publicity, and actively explore the XX youth service. 54 Medal of institutionalization, standardization and socialization mechanism. Give full play to the XX award in recognition of 54 youth medal Association, Youth Award winner
32、 in the 54 chapter, investigation activities. Who won the Youth Service medal, dedication to the society to create conditions, build the stage. During the 54, named in recognition of the tenth XX young 54 medal. The association of XX editing of young talent , the exchange of information and communic
33、ation platform for the XX of outstanding young talents.(two) the establishment of municipal Party committee of young talent information database. In accordance with the feasible, effective, classification management, implement step by step principle, the establishment of municipal Party committee of
34、 youth talent database; guiding organizations at various levels generally established the young talent database, construction of city, county (directly under the Communist Youth League), grassroots organizations three young talent information database the relevant information collection system, and
35、gradually establish the citys young people, the Communist Youth League youth talent information network, provide information platform for young talent resource development.Five, take effective measures to strengthen the mission management(a) to strengthen the mission management work. Strengthen the
36、dues collection and management, continue to adhere to the dues collection regularly reporting system, the annual comprehensive award in recognition of the tour and the tour one vote veto system audit system. Do statistical work in the group. The group service award in recognition of the advanced uni
37、ts, standardization, promoting group management work institutionalized.(two) to strengthen the organization of research and information exchange efforts. Grassroots carry out research, efforts to form a number of theoretical results. Make full use of the network carrier, to explore the establishment
38、 of electronic group service system, promote the work of Communist Youth League information.Attachment 4:XX municipal Party Committee Propaganda Department of the Communist Youth League work pointsIn 2006, the Communist Youth League propaganda ideological work XX to Deng Xiaoping theory and the impo
39、rtant thought of Three Represents as guidance, study and implement the partys sixteen and the spirit of the the fifth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee implementation of the eight plenary session of the two committee, the citys cultural work conference, the Propaganda Department of t
40、he meeting and the the fourth Plenary Session of the 15th CPC Central Committee permanent mission spirit, closely around 11th Five-Year XX the goal of full implementation of Scientific Outlook on Development, emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts, keep pace with the times, close to reality
41、, close to life, close to the young, persevere grasp orientation, grasping deepening, grasping construction innovation, further improve the groups propaganda and ideological work ability, unity To guide the majority of members of the youth to achieve the 11th Five-Year planning tasks, the overall co
42、nstruction of a well-off society, building a socialist harmonious society to make new contributions.One, adhere to the Three Represents important thought and Scientific Outlook on Development education to guide the youth, to further strengthen the ideological and political education of youth(a) arme
43、d with youth science theory. Unremittingly with Deng Xiaoping theory and the important thought of Three Represents armed members of youth education, to promote the study and implement to expand the depth and breadth. To study and implement the important thought of Three Represents with the establish
44、ment and implementation of Scientific Outlook on Development combine with the implementation of the requirements of constructing socialist harmonious society with Scientific Outlook on Development, carry out education as an important part of the theory of armed youth in the new period, strengthen th
45、e establishment and implementation of Scientific Outlook on Development education, educate and guide the youth to fully understand the great significance of establishment and implementation of Scientific Outlook on Development, in-depth understanding of the Scientific Outlook on Development era back
46、 The king, the practice foundation, basic connotation, historical status, spirit and practice requirements, a profound understanding of Scientific Outlook on Development with Marxism Leninism, Mao Zedong thought, inheriting and developing relationship between Deng Xiaoping theory and the important thought of Three Represents, to help young people establish and consciously practice Scientific Outlook o