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1、做好由辅助坑道转入正洞施工质量安全建议一、做好预控的必要性当前由辅助坑道仓促转入正洞施工暴露出来的主要问题：交叉口专项施工方案未履行评审和审批程序、未进行技术培训和技术交底、工装设备不到位或不配套，标准底、不统一等系列问题，仓促进入正洞施工，从而导致正洞施工质量安全控制受之影响较大，不便控制或难以控制，有的甚至停下工来等设备或进行设备改装，或者进行其它一些本该已经完成而没有完成的准备工作，结果走了很多弯路，得不偿失。请各施工单位从思想上、行动上引起高度重视，认真总结经验，科学组织，提前做好预控，确保正洞施工顺利推进和质量安全稳定受控。二、预控内容1、技术方案（1）交叉段专项施工方案隧道斜井及横
2、洞进大断面正线隧道交叉口位置施工是暗挖隧道设计及施工的重难点。常见的施工方案主要为自横洞开始顺坡爬坡扩挖法及先进主洞后反序施工法等常规方法。各种方案以各个洞口的实际围岩地质情况针对性而设，不同的方案，各有针对性，各有其优缺点，合理选择方案带来的施工结果往往大有异常。自横洞后段开始爬坡扩挖法 此类方法为隧道交叉口施工常规方法，经过反复的施工总结，改进，已经相当成熟。此类方法的最直观的优点在于其施工技术的成熟性，缺点同样直观，即为施工后期斜井或横洞拱部抬高后，初支拱顶与衬砌断面之间的空腔填充。当斜井与主洞拱顶高差不是很大时，施工还较可观；当施工高差过大时，空腔的填充过大，甚至严重后果，填充砼形成的
3、自重导致衬砌结构变化。同时，自斜井挑顶时，通过顺坡弥补高差问题是，顺坡加长导致钢拱架材料的浪费。先进主洞后反序施工法（围岩较好时）此类方法同样为隧道交叉口施工常规方法，经过反复的施工总结，改进，同样已经相当成熟。此类方法的最直观的优点在于其施工技术的成熟性，缺点便是进入主洞过渡区的拱架支护造成大量的拱架材料浪费及反序施工时，拱架拆除时的安全性。自横洞口采用小导坑直接挑顶施工方法（围岩较差时） 正洞弧形导坑施工：正洞上台阶施工：弧形导坑施工完成后，开始正洞上台阶支护，可以安装5-7榀正洞钢拱架，左侧正洞拱架基础支撑在岩体上，右侧正洞拱架基础支撑在横洞门架横梁上，拱架长度及弧形作相应调整。 导坑临
4、时支护及正洞3.5m范围上台阶支护完成后，拆除弧形导坑竖向临时钢拱架，清除3.5m范围上台阶预留的核心土，转入正洞施工。（2）正洞施工施工技术方案重点考虑：开挖方法、仰拱、二衬施工工艺参数的确定2、技术交底（1）交叉段技术交底按工序进行交底（2）正洞施工工序技术交底按工序进行交底，明确具体设计参数。3、教育培训（1）安全培训隧道施工安全规程、安全技术交底、安全控制要点等（2）技术培训 施工技术方案、作业指导书、技术交底等4、人员队伍（1）特殊工种：电工、焊工、爆破工、架子工等资质满足要求。（2）架子队：按标准化的要求组建架子队5、主要机械设备（1）开挖作业线开挖工作台架、运碴车、找顶设备、水袋
5、炮泥机等（2）支护作业线（3）二衬作业线二衬台车、仰拱栈桥及模板、止水带夹具、防水板热熔焊接机（4）其它设备砼生产供应设备、通风设备、超前地质钻6、物资材料（1）工程材料（2）应急物资三、如何做好预控1、需要考虑哪些因素当前正洞施工不同程度的出现：工艺标准低，仰拱模板设计简单，缺少支撑固定体系，使用不方便，容易跑模，仰拱一次浇注节长不一，纵向施工缝位置随意设置，高低不一，甚至违背规范要求，浇注出来的仰拱质量效果整体性较差；纵向施工缝止水带安装扭曲，不对中、泄水孔孔口设置位置偏差较大、仰拱一次填充标高有预留20cm、25cm、30cm的，有的是一次填充到位的，但标高控制不好；仰拱模板与二衬台车设
6、计和栈桥不配套，有待优化等较多问题。因此，在进入正洞施工前，需要考虑和确定的因素有：仰拱、二衬一次浇注长度、仰拱和二衬台车结构尺寸、模板类型、仰拱模板与栈桥配套、纵向施工缝位置、一次填充标高、防水安装工艺措施等。2、具体指标及要求（1）纵向施工缝的位置：施工图设计要求,要考虑预留孔道距施工缝位置不应小于30cm要求、需避免纵向及环向盲管伸入侧够时即泄水孔不与纵向施工缝止水带发生冲突（止水带宽度为30cm）。建技13号文要求。墙体纵向施工缝不宜设在剪力与弯矩最大处，或地板与边墙的交接处，应留设在高出地板顶面不小于30cm且在水沟盖板底面以下的墙体上。结构防排水的要求。预留孔道位置要错开施工缝距离
7、不得小于30cm，作为泄水孔为便于排水，只能留设在施工缝以下，侧沟沟底以上设计高度位置。因此，纵向施工缝设置的合理位置：盖板顶以下15cm。（2）二衬台车模板下沿高度考虑到矮边墙内沿线水平横向位置受到仰拱模板安装位置、使用变形和跑模位移的影响，通常该线不在设计位置或期望位置，要么侵限，二衬台车边模无法靠在设计位置，此时必须把侵入部分进行凿除。要么预留空间过大，台车边模靠在设计位置时不能与之密贴，漏浆、烂根、错台现象明显。为了二衬台车模板安装快捷，不受仰拱的影响，建议，二衬台车边模下沿标高设计在纵向施工缝以上5cm处（此时模板与矮边墙高差形成的缝隙可以采用砂浆或木条很容易封堵）。 仰拱模板变形或
8、跑模引起矮边墙侵限（3）关于仰拱一次填充标高就当前已进入正洞施工的几个工点，仰拱一次填充标高有预留20cm、25cm、30cm的，有的虽然是一次填充到位，但是填充面砼标高和平整度控制不到位。采用二次填充，预留填充厚度不满足35cm的最小分层厚度的要求，采用二次填充的优点是填充砼标高容易控制、填充表面砼不受破损、在整体道床施工前一次拉毛工作量小、中心水沟线形好等，其缺点是：在相邻工点贯通以后组织仰拱二次填充，由于中心水沟砼标号与仰拱填充砼标号不一样，有的还有性能上差别，需要分别灌注，将会增加很多工序循环，占用较多工期，增加较大投入。双线隧道如果分次填充，给中央水沟施工带来不便，增加工序。采用一次
9、性填充，可以规避二次填充的缺点，但是由于施工干扰多，填充砼强度还较低的情况下多次受重车来回碾压容易其表层破损严重，在施工过程中需要加强填充标高和成品砼表面的保护。（4）关于仰拱施工循环长度采用6m、8m节长不利于提高施工进度。目前有的工点仰拱和仰拱填充施工均采用6m循环长度，相对12m节长，6m节长仰拱施工就就多出很多个循环，从进度方面考虑，通常情况下往往安全步距超标都是因为仰拱滞后所致。采用6m节长增大止水带用量。仰拱环向止水带工程数量施工图设计平均按纵向每10m计列，相对12m节长，仰拱环向止水带用量多出一半，且超出设计数量。采用6m节长不利于结构整体质量控。环向施工缝也多出一半，过于密集
10、，也加大了施工缝处理的工程量以及结构整体质量控制的难度。排水系统是按照12m节长独立设置，如果仰拱施工按6m节长考虑，环向和纵向盲管不便于设置安装。结合其它高铁成功经验，建议仰拱施工节长采用12m为宜。（5）关于仰拱模板设计目前个别单位仰拱模板设计简单，仅仅是模板，而忽略了模板支架体系，整体性较差，使用极不方便，使用效果不好。仰拱施工循环次数多，要求仰拱模板具有：整体性好，安装、固定、拆除方便快捷，强度和刚度高，不易变形，周转使用率高特点，因此，仰拱模板设计建议采用一次浇注12m节长简易整体大型模板，端头采用定型钢模版。这种模板结构较简单，既可自行设计加工，也可厂家制作，已在多条高铁普遍采用，
11、效果良好。仰拱弧形模板模板支架体系 仰拱端头定型钢模板仰拱定型整体钢模板（12m）（6）关于止水带的安装施工过程中中埋式止水带的安装质量普遍存在不顺直，不中埋的问题，其实只要在工艺上稍作改进，即可消除此类通病。中埋式橡胶止水带使用前基本都成卷存放，安装过程中难以顺直，通过采用夹具进行固定即可，在砼浇注过程中也不易发生位移变形。固定夹具为2根薄壁口型钢（重量轻刚度高，使用方便）加“U”型夹（见下图），安装时与钢筋临时固结，使用中纵向口型钢既可作为控制纵向施工缝砼标高标志，又可作为限制止水带线形和位置的夹具，使用效果良好。纵向口型钢与二衬钢筋临时固定连接杆螺帽与U型夹焊接旋紧螺杆钢板制作U型夹中埋
12、式止水带 3、工程实例关于光面爆破的控制。对开挖实行“定人、定位、定机、定量、定时、定耗，定奖罚标准”等七定原则。控制爆破理念：1、爱护围岩，尽可能的减小对围岩的扰动和损伤。 2、多打眼，少装药。 3、光面效果好。 4、超欠挖控制在合理范围内。 超欠挖验收记录 周边眼间距验收周边眼间距及超欠挖考核记单录 光面爆破效果光面爆破效果关于支护 预加工标准的中控注浆锚杆拱架安装（较标准）拱架安装（不标准）拱架变形受损 仰拱模板无固定支架，容易变形和跑模，且容易造成振捣不密实非标准的简易模板非标准简易模板（刚度、节长、弧长均存在问题）浇筑的砼因怕引起跑模而漏振，不密实仰拱端头模板及止水带安装仰拱端头模板
13、及止水带安装效果自行式仰拱栈桥自行式仰拱栈桥仰拱端头施工缝处理 二衬端头施工缝处理预弯和安装定位较好的二衬钢筋安装成型的二衬钢筋安装成型的二衬钢筋及施工缝处理效果二衬钢筋、止水带污染严重、施工缝未处理止水带定位措施纵、环向止水带连接不密贴泄水孔从止水带上方通过效果较好的防水板安装仰拱二衬钢筋和止水带安装控制较好效果较好的二衬成品砼采用整体一次灌注的水沟电缆槽砼Opinions and suggestions on the partys mass line educational practiceAccording to the central and provincial, municipal
14、 unified deployment, according to municipal Party committee about carrying out the partys mass line educational practice activity in the citys implementation opinions, the spirit of the partys mass line educational practice activities from 20* in January to 99 months, carried out at all levels of de
15、partments and directly affiliated institutions and grass-roots party organizations. According to my actual County, the county to carry out the education practice put forward the following implementation opinions.First, the overall requirementsCounty county education practice to the eighteen Party of
16、 eight, the spirit of the the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee as the guidance, conscientiously implement the spirit of general secretary Xi Jinping book series of important speech, earnestly implement the Central Committee really, opinions and advice , party implementing the
17、guiding ideology of opinions to determine the objectives and requirements, step method, in accordance with the look in the mirror, dress up, wash bath, cure treatment, the general requirements of for the people pragmatic honest people as the theme, in carrying forward the spirit of Zhuanglang Zhuang
18、, improve their work style, service to the masses of the people, the foundation of consolidating grassroots, promote transformation across efforts, to further implement the central eight regulations and The opposition party and government austerity waste regulations , double section provincial regul
19、ations, municipal provisions of the twelve plan and the implementation measures for on improving the work style of close ties with the masses law, highlight style building, carry out the whole wind spirit, resolutely oppose formalism, bureaucracy, hedonism and wasteful extravagance to solve the prob
20、lems, Party members and cadres of the style and the masses of people strong, the Ministry of Party members and cadres to further improve their thinking and understanding, to further change the style of the wind, the masses to close, honest and pragmatic people honest image to further establish the f
21、oundation to further reinforce the basic level. Style of the building of the new results to promote the construction of a powerful force of the county and the ecological culture of the county and county construction.In educational practice activities of the unit is mainly: the county and below count
22、y departments under the organs, enterprises and institutions directly under the township, street, and community, village, non-public economic organizations, social organizations and other grass-roots organizations. Agencies and branches, each single unit, follow the rules on internal institutions. E
23、ducational practice with step by step.To adhere to the county leadership, leadership and leading cadres to focus on outstanding catch to directly contact the service of the masses of law supervision departments and window units, service industry, educational practice, pay attention to grasp the heav
24、y towns, streets and villages, community education activities and the masses of grassroots groups in close contact to strengthen, and the majority of Party members, cadres and the mass line line Marx doctrine view of the masses and the partys education.Always speak seriously as a basic attitude, adh
25、ere to positive education, to carry out criticism and self criticism group, adhere to the pragmatic, more emphasis on leadership, pay more attention to the layers of the demonstration, more focus on the four winds, solve the problem, pay more attention to open the door, the participation of the mass
26、es, pay more attention to the classification guidance. Orderly, pay more attention to the cooperation and cohesion driven, more strict requirements on injection, really supervision practice, ensure education practice is not empty is not empty is not partial, not as a mere formality.Two, the key poin
27、t of the taskThe main task of the countys education practice is to seize against four wind this focus on centralized solve outstanding problems asked County, township leadership and leading cadres of the four winds, the disadvantages of the style, scale behavior to a large scale investigation, overh
28、aul, cleaning greatly. At the same time, respond to the concerns of the masses, safeguard the interests of the masses, pay attention to solve practical problems, solve the people around the unwholesome tendencies especially on eat, take the card, Yong lazy luxury, extravagance and waste fees, privil
29、eges and other issues, timely and effective, without any discount to solve, to improve the style of real implementation of the requirements of real to the grassroots, real let group Benefit the public.(a) focus on solving the four winds outstanding issuesThe central and provincial requirements, the
30、county leadership and leading cadres of key performance concept is not correct, do not dare to play, to engage in image project, political project, a leadership guide, a set of ideas, orders and prohibitions, and a policy, there are countermeasures county. The units directly under the heavy focus on
31、 solving Yung lazy drag, buck passing skin, work is not implemented, the service is not active. The dynamic problem of law enforcement and supervision departments and window units, service industry mainly solve the door hard, ugly face, something difficult, and arbitrary charges, fines, levies, and
32、breach of privilege, chinakayao, not the problem of law. The township, street The collar of leading bodies and leading cadres to solve key does nottheir own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish br
33、and awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to
34、enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of resources within the group, th
35、e city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking win-win principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activ
36、ities, attract injection the social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of state-owned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training of cadres and workers of the existi
37、ng business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, according to the need of industrial devel
38、opment, vigorously the introduction of high-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structure, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitive
39、ness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development.