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1、咱俩谁跟谁啊?,we two who and who?,you me you me,你给我站住!,You Give Me Stop!,怎么是你,怎么老是你?,how are you? how old are you?,彼此彼此,Tips on translation,中译英的翻译技巧,培训部：Rita Lee,一、翻译技巧三步曲,1.分析信息，理解原文,2.根据意思选择句子结构，确定语法,3.最后检查,二、中译英五要点,1.词义要确切,2.选词要贴切,3.用词要通俗易懂,4.用词要简洁有力,5.选词要多样化,一、翻译技巧三步曲,1.分析信息，理解原文,2.根据意思选择句子结构，确定语法,3.最
2、后检查,理解原文。翻译之前，要做的第一步就是理解原文。理解原文不是说能不能看懂的问题，而是说要分析其内容。即下笔之前要找到句子所隐含的时态（进行、完成、过去）, 语态（主动、被动），语义的褒贬，是否要用虚拟语气。只有这样才能保证表达准确，避免出现偏差。,1. 分析信息，理解原文,e.g. 今天下午我没空，我和牙医有约。 Im not available/free this afternoon because I have an appointment with my dentist. 请尽早做出决定，不然你会错失良机。(or) miss the golden chance Please mak
3、e your decision as early as possible, or youll miss the golden chance.,他的话让我忍俊不禁。(help) sb. cant help doing . I couldnt help laughing at what he had said. 许多外国游客都想去长城一游, 他们知道“不到长城非好汉。” “He who doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man.” Many foreign tourists want to visit the Great Wall, for the
4、y know that “He who doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man.”,for,Have a try!,因人而异 不辞辛苦 受益非浅 喜闻乐见 大智若愚,vary from person to person,take the trouble to do sth,benefit a lot from .,love to see and hear,A wise man appears / seems to be a fool.,1.组织译文的结构。根据各层意思选择句子结构，搭起基本框架；根据上下文选择适当的词汇和表达手段，特别要按英语
5、的表达逻辑来调整语句。 如“虽然但是”，在译成英文时不能译成 Althoughbut,而只能译成Although he is poor, he is well contented.“他虽穷却能知足常乐。”,2. 根据意思选择句子结构，确定语法,2.确定语法。译文的表达上要符合英语语法。英语语法的一大特点就是以动词为核心，构成五种基本句型，英语中无论句子成分多复杂，句子多长，以及句式如何变幻，都是从这五大句型扩张而来。,英语中的五种基本句型结构 一、句型1： Subject (主语) Verb (谓语) 不及物动词 二、句型2：Subject (主语) Link. V(系动词) Predicat
6、e(表语) 三、句型3：Subject(主语) Verb (谓语) Object (宾语) 四、句型4： Subject(主语)Verb(谓语) Indirect object(间接宾语)Direct object (直接宾语) 五、句型5： Subject(主语)Verb (动词)Object (宾语)Complement(补语),这里禁止吸烟。,坚持下去，必有收获。,Here doesnt allow smoking.,桌上有一份生日礼物。,全市到处在建高楼大厦,应当注意对树木的保护。,Keep doing, will gain something.,Keep doing it and y
7、ou will gain something.,Smoking is not allowed here.,On the table has a birthday present.,There is a birthday present on the table.,Everywhere in the city is building high-rises.,High-rises are being built all over the city.,Must pay attention to protecting trees.,1. We must pay attention to protect
8、ing trees. 2. Attention must be paid to protecting trees.,Use passive voice被动语态,Find a proper subject,Use some sentence structures (There be, imperative sentence祈使句，etc),no subject,Solution,Have a try !,应该鼓励学生把课堂上所学的知识运用到实践中去。（apply）,应当继续努力控制污染，保护环境。（effort）,这里的菜烧得很好，还有免费蛋糕供应。（provide） ）,外出旅游时务必注意保护
9、环境，为他人着想。（sure）,Students should be encouraged to apply what they have learned in class to practice.,We should continue making all the efforts to control pollution and protect the environment.,The dishes here are well cooked and free cakes are provided.,Be sure to pay attention to protecting the envi
10、ronment and think of others while traveling.,figure out the central part (word) of the phrase,use proper participle or attributive clause （分词） （定语从句）,pay attention to the subject-verb concord (主谓一致),我们现在所居住的城市过去曾经是一个小村庄。(used),装满衣物和药品的飞机昨晚到达灾区。(load),使我感到惊讶的是，六十年前生产的机器还在这家工厂里使用。(in use),The city use
11、d to be a small village.,The plane arrived at the disaster area last night.,To my surprise, the machine is still in use in the factory.,To my surprise, the machine （which was） produced sixty years ago is still in use in this factory.,我从未想到Tom会当选为学生会主席。 （occur） sth. occur to sb. It never occurred to
12、me that Tom would be elected chairman of the Students Union. 所有学生都应该能够得到高等教育。(available) sth. be available to sb. Higher education should be available to all the students.,你不可能独立完成这项工作的。 It is/was + adj. + for sb.+ to do . It is impossible for you to complete the task alone. 同样要注意convenient, necessa
13、ry, essential等词。 他越说越激动。 the more ., the more . The more he said, the more excited he became.,3. 检查 最后检查。这是不可缺少的一个重要环节，而且在最后检查时一定要对照原文，这样才能检查出译文在理解和表达上有什么问题，是否有错译和漏译，以便及时改正。 注意：是否有成分遗漏 动词形式、介词 单词拼写 标点符号 大小写,二、中译英五要点,1.词义要确切,2.选词要贴切,3.用词要通俗易懂,4.用词要简洁有力,5.选词要多样化,我们应注意汉译英在词性、句式和表达习惯上的特点，掌握丰富的变通手段，努力提高行
14、文能力。词汇和句式是语言的核心部分，要做好汉英短文翻译，关键是选择恰当的词汇和句式。词汇是语言的建筑材料，文章译得好不好，能不能达意，都与选词有密切的关系。要选好词，必须注意以下几点：,四、汉译英要点,1)词义要确切。应该透彻地掌握词语的确切含义，才能准确无误地表达思想。每个词都有一定的含义，如果混淆词义，很容易造成用词不当。,2)选词要贴切。翻译时选词要注意语境和文章的文体，每个词在上下文中用得恰当、自然、和谐。英语中有许多同义词，平时要多注意同义词在不同上下文中的用法，因为即使是同义词或近义词在意义或色彩上甚至用法上也不是完全一样的。,3)用词要通俗易懂。用词要规范，尽量使用书面语言，少用
15、俚语、生僻词或陈词滥调，以免影响译文效果。 4)用词要简洁有力。简洁是为了清晰，译文中多余的词不但不能增强语言的表现力，反而使语言显得累赘。因此翻译时要避免用词重复罗嗦。,5)选词要多样化。用词单一会使语言枯燥无味、苍白无力；而选词多样化可以加强语言的表现力，使译文的表达更丰富。 比如：都是“问题”，下面的翻译各不相同。,共同关心的问题 questions of common interest 解决问题 solve a problem 问题的关键 the heart of the matter 原则问题 a question/matter of principle 没有什么问题 without
16、 any mishap 摩托车有点问题Something is wrong with the motorcycle. 问题不在这里 That is not the point.,Sentences for your learning,1. 不遗余力 2. 不相上下 3. 不由自主 4. 不知所措 5. 不负众望 6. 重蹈覆辙 7. 出类拔萃 8. 触目惊心 9. 吹毛求疵 10. 大功告成,spare no effort / go to all lengths be equally matched can not help be at a loss live up to ones expec
17、tations make the same mistake again be distinguished be shocked at the sight of sth. find fault with others have achieved a great success,11. 大失所望 12. 得意忘形 13. 大惊小怪 14. 颠三倒四 15. 喋喋不休 16. 半途而废 17. 价廉物美 18. 坚持不懈 19. 岌岌可危 20. 年老体弱,be greatly disappointed go wild with joy make a fuss disorderly; confuse
18、d; reverse talk endlessly give up halfway cheap and fine/ a good buy persevere in doing be at risk old and weak,21. 心烦意乱 22. 热泪盈眶 23. 置若罔闻 24. 视而不见 25. 筋疲力尽 26. 热情洋溢 27. 同甘共苦 28.一见钟情 29. 问心无愧 30. 循序渐进,be upset be filled with tears turn a deaf ear to turn a blind eye to worn out/tired out/ exhausted
19、with enthusiasm share joys and sorrows love at first sight have a clear conscience step by step,31. 挑三拣四 32. 与时俱进 33. 举棋不定 34. 引人入胜 35. 一夜成名 36. 三言两语 37. 固执己见 38. 一成不变 39. 哑口无言 40. 如愿以偿,be particular about keep up with the times cant decide/make up ones mind so attractive be famous overnight in a few words stick to ones opinion fixed and unchangeable have nothing to say achieve what one wishes,