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1、The infinitive 不定式,本节课重点提要,1. 不定式的基本形式和否定形式 2. 不定式的时态和语态 3. 不定式的基本用法 4. 不带to的不定式,They advised me to give up smoking . He promised to take care of the poor child. I warn them not to go out alone. She decided not to be late again.,不定式的基本形式是由“to + 动词原形”构成，其否定形式是not to do.,笔记要点1,Step 1,基本形式和否定形式,请看例句：,T
2、hey invited us to go there this summer. They seemed to be talking about something secret. Im sorry to have done that .,Step 2,(1)不定式的一般形式所表示的动作，通常与谓语的 动作（状态）同时发生. Eg. They invited us to go there this summer. (2)如果谓语表示的动作（情况）发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行，这时不定式就要用进行式。 Eg. They seemed to be talking about something
3、secret. (3)如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前，就要用完成式。 Eg. Im sorry to have done that .,不定式的时态和语态,笔记要点2,Im very delighted to be invited to Marys birthday party. Im pleased to have been given this chance.,如果不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者，不定式要用被动形式.,笔记要点3,小 结,Step 3 不定式的用法,(1) 作主语,eg. 1) It is right to give up smoking.,不定式短语作主
4、语时，用it 作形式主语，真正的主语后置。,(2) 作宾语,不定式短语可以作宾语，以下动词后，跟不定式作宾语,eg. 1) He wanted to go.,agree, decide, expect, fail ,help, hope,manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, wish,(构成“V.+ to do“的形式),I find it interesting to work with him. 如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it 作形式宾语。类似的动词还有 ( ) 等,(构成 “主语
5、+V.+ it +宾补+ to do sth.“ 的形式),feel, think, consider, make, believe,(3) 作宾语补足语,eg. He asked me to do the work with him.,在feel, hear, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, watch, have, let, make 等词后的补足语中，不定式不带to。但 是这些句子如果变成被动结构时，就必须带to。,Eg. I often hear him sing the song.,He is often heard to sing
6、 the song.,注意,allow, ask, advise, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, would like, order, permit, persuade, teach, tell, want, warn, wish,(构成“V.+ Sb.+ to do”的形式),不定式动词在介词but, except, besides 后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do 的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带to, 否则要带to。,Eg.1) She could do nothing but cry. 2) I have no choice
7、 but to go.,注意,(4)作定语,Eg.I have some books for you to read.,作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，不定式后面须有相应的介词。,Eg. He is looking for a room to live in. There is nothing to worry about. Please give me a knife to cut with.,注意,(5) 作状语,表示目的、原因、结果,Eg. I came here to see you. We were very excited to hear the news. He hurried
8、to the school to find nobody there.,(目的),(原因),(结果),目的状语还可以用 in order to 或 so as to来表示。,Eg. 1) In order to pass the exam, he worked very hard. 2) We ran all the way so as not to be late.,(6)作表语。,Eg. My job is to help the patient.,动词不定式省略to 的情况归纳,*1 当动词不定式作宾语补足语时，如动词是 make, let , have 或 look at , see,
9、 watch, observe, hear, listen to, feel 、等，不定式不带to. *2. 在下列结构后 had better, would rather, would ratherthan, cannot but（不得不 ，必然，不能不）, cant help but 等 *3. why not 表建议 *4. 在介词 but , except 之后，如果其前有实义动词do 的某种形式，不定式不带to, 反之须带to .,Step 4,Exercise P9,Competition,Group A,Group B.,The purpose of new technologi
10、es is to make life easier _ it more difficult. (MET99) A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make 2. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. (MET2000) A. Expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects 3. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old co
11、uples but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. (MET2001) A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen,Practice:,4. Charles Babbage is generally considered _the first computer. (MET1993) A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented 5. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was
12、_ to carry all the way home. (MET2003) A. much too heavy B. too much heavy C. heavy too much D. too heavy much,6. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. (MET95) A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to 7. Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this even
13、ing. (MET 92) A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking 8.There are five pairs _,but Im at a loss which to buy.(1999上海高考) A. to be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing,9._late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. (2001年北京春季高考) A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Havi
14、ng sleep 10.With a lot of difficult problems _,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.(2002年上海春季高考) A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled,11.She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role_in making the earth a better place to live. (2003上海春季高考) A. to
15、have played B. to play C. to be played D. to be playing 12.In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state run companies are trying _their products more competitive. ( 2002上海春季高考) A. to make B. making C. to have made D. having made,13.The teacher asked us_so much noise. (2003北京春季高考) A.dont make B. not make C. not making D. not to make,Homework:,1. 背诵并默写不定式时态和语态的表格。 2. 看例句，复习笔记要点。 3. 课课练 P15 period 5,Good luck to you!,