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1、something about USA nursing education and nurses Based on the statistics of USA, there are about 800,000 nurses needed to work in the medical agencies with the infants and the elderly people becoming more in the following 20 years. Being a nurse, you can receive $ 40000 to 70000 a year on average wo
2、rking comfortably and being respected meanwhile you can obtain green card to immigrate after 2 years.,American nurses including: 1.Nurse Aide -certified nursing assistant 护士助理 (护工,护理员) 2. LPN/LVN Licensed Practical Nurses Licensed Vocational Nurses 有执照的职业护士 3. RN Registered nurse 注册护士 * Nurse Aide i
3、s engaged in looking after patients life and inpatient care such as helping patients to have a bath, making the bed, taking temperature, blood pressure, respiration and pulse. Sometimes she can visit the patients home to do such work. But she cant dispense, inject or do any other aseptic technique w
4、ork.,LPN works in the hospitals or the elderly nursing centers, supervised and guided by RN. She is engaged in primary nursing work and carrying out the nursing plan formulated by RN, whose duties are on nursing techniques such as wound care, aseptic technique work, dispensing and injecting. Based o
5、n the state related laws, LPN can not engaged in nursing assessment and analysis or carrying out intravenous drops. RN occupy the majority of nurses throughout America, who need two to four years college education, passing NCLEX-RN NCLEX-RN :全国联合委员会注册护士执照考试 (美国注册护士执照考试) National Council Licensure Ex
6、amination for Registered Nurses,Working in America, you need RN and Visa. The application conditions for a foreign nurse: Gaining their national nursing certificate Accomplishing nursing education in their countries, graduating from nursing colleges with at least two-year nursing education Having be
7、en engaged in medical, surgical, gynecological, neonatological, pediatric and psychiatric nursing practice. Passing CGFNS and TOEFL CGFNS:外国护校毕业生评审委员会(美国护士资格鉴定考试) Commission on Graduates of Foreign Nursing Schools TOEFL: 托福考试 Test of English as a Foreign Language CGFNS 护理知识资格考试目前在中国每年举行三次，分别为三月、七月和十
8、一月。考试分为两部分，上午进行第一部分考试，时间为2小时30分钟；第二部分下午进行，时间为1小时50分钟。 CGFNS 证书项目资格申请由申请人通过网上或书面直接向CGFNS递交，审核通过后，将被告之具体的考试时间和地点。考试结果由CGFNS直接通知考生 美国有一些州的护士局要求外籍护士,托福考试在550分以上,才可参加 NCLEX-RN 考试,但加州和纽约州没有这个要求.,IELTS:雅思 International English Language Testing System IELTS国际英语水平测试由英国剑桥大学测试中心(The University of Cambridge Loc
9、al Examinations Syndicat - UCLES)、澳大利亚高校国际开发署(IDP Education Australia)及英国文化委员会(The British Council)共同举办。1990年4月在中国推广。全球已有210个考试中心，约105个城市。为准备进入以英语为主导教学语言的大学和学院进修的学生或以英语为母语的国家(指英联邦国家)移民测试英语水平而设。 英国、澳大利亚、新西兰、加拿大、荷兰、英格兰、苏格兰、新加坡、美国（200所院校）以及许多国家的众多院校均采用并认可雅思成绩。澳洲7月1日起留学全部递交雅思，不使用托福成绩。加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰等国家的移民局
10、均将考试成绩作为技术及其他类移民中衡量英语语言能力的唯一标准。以上国家的学校和进修项目及许多国家院校都接受考试成绩，并设立不同的成绩合格标准。 IELTS考试包括两类 培训类（General Training ）目前较多适用于移民； 学术类（Academic）目前较多适用于留学不论那种考试, 不论你将此成绩用于何目的, 所有同类(G或A)考试同一次都使用同一份试卷,考试中不涉及你的专业知识, 只考试英语水平能力。因本考试有口语项目，因此会比TOEFL更具有可信度。 通常经验，一名有中级英语基础的考生通过雅思参考书籍学习或考前培训班，2-3个月后可参加本考试。对中国考生来说，IELTS考试的词汇
11、要求并不高，主要偏向生活化，但答题技巧和英国传统题型，因与TOEFL(托福)和国内英语考试（4-6级）完全不同，所以掌握题型和快速解答就显得非常重要。,NCLEX-RN :全国联合委员会注册护士执照考试 (美国注册护士执照考试)-国际护理考试 是个综合性考试,它把各门不同学科融合在一起.做题时,考生可能遇到各种年龄病人的情况,他们可能是完全健康的,也可能患有不同的疾病,这些情况完全要由考生自己去判断. 其命题主要考虑病人的各项要求.这些要求主要包括下面四个方面,NCLEX-RN考试都是计算机考 每道考题由一个问题和四个被选答案组成 它是一项适应性计算机考试.所谓适应性, 是指计算机会自动按照考
12、生的答题情况给出下题.如果考生答题都是正确的,那么题目就会稍微难一点.反之亦然. 每一份试卷都是独一无二的. 考试时间为5小时. 考生在考试时如果发现题目越来越难, 那是个好现象.因为你答对的题目越多,题目的难度就越大. 考试时使用鼠标在四个选项间移动光标, 选定后按下鼠标确定.检查确定后按下确定键提交. 机考会在下列情况下出现时结束: 计算机程序判断考生已经具备了基本能力 计算机程序判断考生不具备基本能力 考生已经答完了所有265道题 考试进行了5个小时,答题步骤 1.关注题目到底问的是什么 2. 确定题目中那些情况是有用的 3.考虑护理程序 3. 应用玛思路发展阶段理论, 掌握了玛思路发展
13、阶段理论对答题非常关键. 玛思路发展阶段理论-指出人类最基本的需求是生理健康和原状平衡, 只有满足了生理健康的要求才会考虑人身安全; 只有满足了人身安全的要求才会考虑爱和人际关系的要求. *例如 When the patient complains there is a severe pain two days after operation, what should the nurse do? Comfort him and tell him the pain will relieve tomorrow. Let him describe his feeling C. Check up th
14、e key indexes D. Ask him to take some pain-killers. A: 安慰病人说,明天疼痛会减轻的 B: 让病人描述他的感觉 C: 检查病人的各项关键指标 D: 给病人服用止痛片,选项C和D 反映的是生理健康和原状平衡; A和B反映的是心理状况.应用玛思路发展阶段理论, 应当优先满足生理健康的要求. 所以答案是C,用下列国家名的每个字母开头的单词组成一句话: C.h.i.n.a. 中国 come here, I need affection. 来这 我需要爱 H.o.l.l.a.n.d 荷兰 hope our love last and never di
15、e. 希望我们的爱永恒不变 I.t.a.l.y. 意大利 I trust and love you. 我相信你和爱你 l.i.b.y.a. 利比亚 love is beautiful; you also. 爱是美丽的 你也是 k.o.r.e.a. 南韩 keep optimistic regardless of every adversity. 虽然事与愿违,保持乐观 I.n.d.i.a. 印度 I nearly died in adoration. 我差点在狂爱中死去,Preoperative assessment includes collecting and reviewing spec
16、ific client data to determine the clients needs both pre- and postoperatively. Physical, psychological, and social needs are determined during assessment. Preoperatively, the nurse performs a brief but complete physical assessment, paying particular attention to physiological systems that could affe
17、ct the clients response to anesthesia or surgery. Respiratory and cardiovascular assessments provide baseline data for evaluating the clients postoperative status. They also may alert care providers to a problem that may affect the clients response to surgery and anesthesia.,术前评估包括收集和复查患者各项生理机能的具体指标
18、，以此来确定患者的手术前的准备和手术后的准备。评估中，我们必须确定患者身体、心理和社会的状况。手术前，护士必需对患者进行简洁的、全面的身体评估，尤其要特别注意患者的生理功能，因为它会影响患者对麻醉和手术的反应；呼吸系统和心血管系统方面的评估，能够为患者术后的评估提供基本的指标。这些指标也能够提醒护理人员注意这样的一个问题，那就是患者对手术和麻醉的反应。,Preoperative physical preparation includes the following areas: nutrition and fluids, elimination, hygiene, medications, t
19、est, care of valuables and prostheses, special orders, and surgical skin preparation. In many agencies a preoperative checklist is used on the day of surgery. The nurse checks the agencys forms and follows appropriate recording procedures. Two things are essential. First, all pertinent records (labo
20、ratory records, X-ray films, consents) must be assembled and completed so that operating and recovery room personnel can refer to them. Second, all physical preparation must be completed to ensure client safety.,术前的身体准备包括如下几个方面：营养和液体、胃肠道准备、卫生、药物治疗、各项检查、贵重物品和假体的保管、特别的医嘱以及手术的皮肤准备。手术的当天，许多医院还使用术前一览表。护士检查医院的各种表格，严格执行护理记录。有两件事是必需做的，一是所有跟手术有关的资料（试验室检查、X光片、手术同意书）都必须完成好，并且集中起来，这样，手术室和复苏室的医务人员就方便查阅。二是患者所有身体方面的准备都要完成好，以此来确保患者的安全。,