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1、management systems and measures established by, and a number of pragmatic, combined part-time workforce education information, the protection of the digital campus construction and sustainable development. Six Bureau attaches great importance to information technology security, information technolog
2、y security, entrust XX City Center for educational information and equipment dedicated to the work. Network security leading group was set up, chaired by the Education Bureau Chief, head, for XX education Metro-network and information security emergency response leadership. Deputy group leader for X
3、X educational metropolitan area network and information security emergency response coordination, command. The team assist leader and deputy leader, responsible for network XX network security and information . Team. Information security work Conference held each semester, and deployment of informat
4、ion security of documents issued on a regular basis. Information security assessment is included in the annual index. Strictly implement the information security budget to ensure information security of investment. By XX, education information and equipment Centre XX network network security and inf
5、ormation security. According to the information technology security requirements, issued a document requires schools (units) implement, defined the information security guidelines, specific work practices, procedures, and requirements. Clear industry information security incidents (accidents) to det
6、ect, report and disposal processes. According to self-examination, the school (units) basic established has network security management system; the school (units) according to this units actual, established has units personnel management, information system room management, and equipment management,
7、 and media management, and network security construction management, and shipped dimension management, and service outsourcing, management system; developed has computer and the network of network security responsibility held system, signed has network security responsibility; website of information
8、 management personnel is responsible for confidential management, password management, on computer enjoys independent right, User name and password of the computer for its proprietary, and release of provisions is prohibited, such as leaks, investigated for responsibility. According to who is in cha
9、rge of whos in charge, who is running and who is responsible for, who uses principles of who is in charge of management schools (units) defined the roles and responsibilities of information security, assurance responsibilities to schools. XX city schools (units) total site 20, 19 of which were not c
10、lassified security protection assessment, of which 1 (XX education and resource network) for classified security protection levels, without third-level information systems. Total education information systems 1 (XX education cloud platform), contains features with e-Government, resource library, tes
11、t database, mail services, such as e-books, all intranet services. No for grade protection grading record and evaluation of school (units), requirements the school (units) according to information security grade protection about policy and standard, organization carried out information security grad
12、e protection security management system construction, and technology measures construction and grade evaluation, implementation grade protection system of the requirements, makes information system security management level obviouslyfacility up to 160 million Yuan, according to the standard, high qu
13、ality planning XX educational metropolitan area network realizes Wan Zhaokuan to schools, hundreds of megabytes of broadband to the table, wire (ie: Web, video, audio) to the target, electronic whiteboards, multimedia classrooms, remote interactive video teaching system of modern educational equipme
14、nt in the classroom. . With Intel company on XX Education City domain network of topic case design, relies on Cisco company thought Shu aid chuan project staff free provides has three years technology support, from 2009 began, according to high standards, and high of work thought, and manpower plann
15、ing, and points step implementation, using school earthquake Hou reconstruction of opportunities, again planning elementary and middle schools campus network and education city domain network, and local broadcasting network company cooperation, using broadcast TV network, will physical fiber laying
16、to each school, to minimum of cost achieved has physical fiber school school pass; Each school construction standards of campus network and network access to all rooms; XX education metropolitan area network center machine room equipment in the Ministry of education standardization management platfo
17、rm, the Central Library of audio-visual education resources, set up a Chinese teacher education cloud platform, implemented links the two platforms. At present, the citys primary and middle school students to computer 3198, vitality than 10:1; 809 equipment classes through the classroom (primary and
18、 secondary); 36 of the campus network. The establishment of an advanced, practical Gigabit educational metropolitan area network, the citys schools have access to educational metropolitan area network, schools have computer networks, closed-circuit television network, broadcast networks into the cla
19、ssrooms, realize the triple play. Schools share Internet bandwidth, can meet the needs of teaching of the school office and at any time. According to Ministry of education on full started implementation teaching points digital education resources full cover project of notification (taught technical
20、letter (2012) 74th,) and XX Province Department of education on issued XX province teaching points digital education resources full cover project implementation views of notification (chuan taught letter (2013) 18th,) requirements, I city 6 a teaching points implementation teaching points digital ed
21、ucation resources full cover project, combined I city specific situation, developed issued has XX City Bureau on teaching points digital resources full cover project of implementation programme, Established XX, full coverage of digital resources in modern distance education teaching project leading
22、group, XX, chaired the Secretary for education. Established, digital resources in modern distance education teaching, XX full coverage project group, XX, Director of the Center for educational information and equipment chaired Zhu Guiyan, responsible for distance education digital resources covering
23、 project work. Projects in XX city school digital resources in modern distance education teaching full-coverage project leading group, digital resources in modern distance education teaching, and XX full coverage project group leadership and organization, in accordance with the unified arrangement o
24、f the whole province, responsible for university education digital resources covering project management and implementation. According to provinces arrangements, I Center has arrangements Gong 安徽机电职业技术学院焊接标准的应用 课程设计工业锅炉筒体纵焊缝焊接工艺规范系 （部）：机械工程系班 级：焊接3121姓 名：朱海涛指导教师：张帅谋2013 201 4学年第 一 学期20mm 22g工业锅炉筒体双面
25、埋弧焊纵焊缝焊接工艺一、母材技术状况22g钢材焊接性分析:碳钢的焊接性主要取决于含碳量，随着含碳量的增加，焊接性逐渐变差。22g钢材中碳、硅、锰含量少，所以，通常情况下不会因焊接而引起严重硬化组织和淬硬组织。这种钢的塑性和韧性优良，焊接接头的塑性和韧性也好。通常情况下，焊接时一般不需要预热、控制层间温度和后热，焊后也不必采用热处理改善组织，既整个焊接过程中不需要特殊的工艺措施。特殊情况下，进行预热后热和热处理能更高的力学性能要求。22g化学成分,见表1化学元素CSiMnPS成分含量0.22%0.10.30%0.50.90%0.035%0.035%20g力学性能，见表2屈服点s抗拉强度b伸长率断
26、面收缩率冲击韧度aK硬度HBS185MPa380MPa25%55%27J热轧钢156二、焊接坡口22g锅筒埋弧焊坡口置备，根据GB/T324-1988(等效于ISO2553)焊缝符号表示法：规定了推荐的坡口形式和尺寸。1、焊接选择坡口形式和尺寸应考虑下列因素：a.焊缝填充金属尽量少；b.避免产生缺陷；c.减少残余焊接变形与应力；d.有利于焊接防护；e.焊工操作方便；f.复合钢板的坡口应有利于减少过渡层焊缝金属的稀释率。坡口形式 图1焊道分布 图22、焊坡口置备注意事项（1）、碳素钢和标准抗拉强度不大于540MPa的碳锰低合金钢可采用冷加工,也可采用热加工方法置备坡口。（2）、标准抗拉强度大于5
27、40MPa的碳锰低合金钢、铬钼低合金钢和高合金钢宜采用冷加工法.若采用热加工方法,对影响焊接质量的表面层,应用冷加工方法去除。（3）、焊接坡口应保持平整,不得有裂纹、分层、夹渣等缺陷,尺寸符合图样规定。（4）、坡口表面及两侧应将水、铁锈、油污、积渣和其它有害杂质清理干净。纵焊缝对口错边量控制应符合下表3对口处名义厚度过n1012n5050错边量n/52.5n/16且不大于10三、埋弧焊焊接材料：根据ISO/4174或GB/T1247-1990埋弧焊用焊丝和焊剂规定选择适用的埋弧焊用低合金钢焊丝和焊剂。焊丝牌号按GB/T4957和GB/T3429其主要参数如下，表4牌号成分MnCSiSPNiCu
28、CrH08A0.30-0.550.100.030.0300.0300.300.200.20H08MnA0.80-1.100.100.070.0300.0300.300.200.20H10Mn21.50-1.900.120.070.0350.0350.300.200.20焊剂HJ431是熔炼型高锰高硅低氟焊剂。为棕红色至浅黄色玻璃状颗粒，粒度为2.5-0.45mm（8-40目）等。可交直流两用，直流焊时焊丝接正极。焊接工艺性能良好，脱渣容易，成形美观。配合H08A、H08MnA、H10MnSi等焊丝，可焊接低碳钢及某些低合金钢，如16Mn，15MnV等结构，如锅炉、船舶、压力容器等。也可用于电渣
29、焊及铜的焊接。焊剂按规定烘干、保温;焊丝需去除油、锈;保护气体应保持干燥。熔敷金属机械性能，见表5牌号成分屈服强度Mpa抗拉强度Mpa延伸率(%)冲击值J（）H08A3304102227H08MnA3304102227H10Mn233041022-四、预热温度、层间温度的选择依据JB/T4709-2007钢制压力容器焊接规程及GB/T150钢制压力容器标准释义。根据母材的化学成分、焊接性、厚度、焊接接头的拘束度、焊接方法和焊接环境等综合考虑预热、层间温度、后热及焊后热处理要求。预热、层间温度、热处理温度及焊接检验，见表6焊缝坡口形式焊接方法焊材规格预热后热层间温度热处理检验筒体纵缝接头埋弧焊（
30、SAW)H08MnA5HJ431预热100后热200-250/2h60900-980/70min580-650/2.3h100%RT+20%UT五、埋弧焊工艺参数的选择埋弧焊的焊接参数主要有：焊接电流、电弧电压、焊接速度、焊丝直径、电流种类、焊剂粒度、焊丝倾角和伸出长度等。1、焊接电流一般焊接条件下，焊缝熔深与焊接电流成正比。随着焊接电流的增加，熔深和焊缝余高都有显著增加，而焊缝的宽度变化不大。同时，焊丝的熔化量也相应增加，这就使焊缝的余高增加。随着焊接电流的减小，熔深和余高都减小。2、电弧电压电弧电压的增加，焊接宽度明显增加，而熔深和焊缝余高则有所下降。但是电弧电压太大时，不仅使熔深变小，产
31、生未焊透，而且会导致焊缝成形差、脱渣困难，甚至产生咬边等缺陷。所以在增加电弧电压的同时，还应适当增加焊接电流。3、焊接速度当其他焊接参数不变而焊接速度增加时，焊接热输入量相应减小，从而使焊缝的熔深也减小。焊接速度太大会造成未焊透等缺陷。为保证焊接质量必须保证一定的焊接热输入量，提高生产率而提高焊接速度的同时，应相应提高焊接电流和电弧电压。4、焊丝直径与伸出长度当其他焊接参数不变而焊丝直径增加时，弧柱直径随之增加，即电流密度减小，会造成焊缝宽度增加，熔深减小。反之，则熔深增加及焊缝宽度减小。当其他焊接参数不变而焊丝长度增加时，电阻也随之增大，伸出部分焊丝所受到的预热作用增加，焊丝熔化速度加快，结
32、果使熔深变浅，焊缝余高增加，因此须控制焊丝伸出长度，不宜过长。焊丝规格与参考电流，见表7直径（mm）2.02.53.24.05.0电流（A）3004003504504255254755755506505、焊丝倾角焊丝的倾斜方向分为前倾和后倾。倾角的方向和大小不同，电弧对熔池的力和热作用也不同，从而影响焊缝成形。当焊丝后倾一定角度时，由于电弧指向焊接方向，使熔池前面的焊件受到了预热作用，电弧对熔池的液态金属排出作用减弱，而导致焊缝宽而熔深变浅。反之，焊缝宽度较小而熔深较大，但易使焊缝边缘产生未熔合和咬边，并且使焊缝成形变差。6、焊剂粒度焊剂粒度应根据所使用的焊接电流来选择，细颗粒的焊剂适用于大的
33、焊接电流，能获得较大的熔深和宽而平坦的焊缝表面。如在小的焊接电流下使用细颗粒焊剂，因焊剂层密封性较好，气体不宜逸出，则在焊缝表面留下斑点。相反，如在大电流下使用粗颗粒焊剂，则因焊剂层保护不良而在焊缝表面形成凹坑或者出现粗糙的波纹。焊剂颗粒度与参考电流，见表8颗粒度/mm2.50.250.281.43焊接电流/A600600120022g 板厚20mm,埋弧焊焊接，采用单面V形坡口，留24mm间隙，中间钝边12mm，坡口度数为60 ，焊接时带焊剂垫，焊材采取H08A或H08MnA，焊剂为HJ431,焊接速度2025m/h,电流500600A,电压3640V。20mm 22g工业锅炉筒体双面埋弧焊
34、纵焊缝焊接工艺参数，见表9焊接方法焊接材料规格/mm焊接电流/A电弧电压/V焊接速度/(m/h)SAW5.065080036402535六、埋弧焊操作事项在操作过程中须要特殊注意事项：1、埋弧焊操作技术 (1)对接直焊缝焊接技术 对接直焊缝的焊接方法有两种基本类型，即单面焊和双面焊。根据钢板厚度又可分为单层焊、多层焊，又有各种衬垫法和无衬垫法。 焊剂垫法埋弧自动焊。在焊接对接焊缝时，为了防止熔渣和熔池金属的泄漏，采用焊剂垫作为衬垫进行焊接。焊剂垫的焊剂与焊接用的焊剂相同。焊剂要与焊件背面贴紧，能够承受一定的均匀的托力。要选用较大的焊接规范，使工件熔透，以达到双面成形。 多层埋弧焊。对于较厚钢板
35、，一次不能焊完的，可采用多层焊。为了保证焊透，正面焊时要焊透工件厚度的4050，背面焊时必须保证焊透6070。在实际操作中一般很难测出熔深，经常是靠焊接时观察熔池背面颜色来判断估计，所以要有一定的经验。第一层焊时，规范不要太大，既要保证焊透，又要避免裂纹等缺陷。每层焊缝的接头要错开，不可重叠。 (2)对接环焊缝焊接技术，圆形简体的对接环缝的埋弧焊要采用带有调速装置的滚胎。如果需要双面焊，第一遍需将焊剂垫放在下面简体外壁焊缝处。将焊接小车固定在悬臂架上，伸到筒体内焊下平焊。焊丝应偏移中心线下坡焊位置上。第二遍正面焊接时，在筒体外，上平焊处进行施焊。 (3)埋弧半自动焊 埋弧半自动焊主要是软管自动
36、焊，其特点是采用较细直径(2mm或2mm以下)的焊丝，焊丝通过弯曲的软管送入熔池。电弧的移动是靠手工来完成，而焊丝的送进是自动的。半自动焊可以代替自动焊焊接一些弯曲和较短的焊缝，主要应用于角焊缝，也可用于对接焊缝。 2、埋弧焊的安全操作技术(1)埋弧焊机操作人员必须经过电弧焊接工作的专门培训，持证上岗，非本机操作人员，严禁擅自操作设备。(2)作业前检查电缆绝缘情况，如有损坏立即停止使用，确认各部导线连接良好，控制箱外壳和接线板上的罩壳盖好。(3)作业过程中，操作人员要精神集中，正确操作，注意机械情况，不得擅自离岗或将机器交给其他无证人员操作，严禁无关人员进入作业区。(4)作业工程中，任何人员均
37、不得蹬上龙门架顶层平台进行观察、检修或检查工作。如必须蹬顶作业，必须先停车断电。(5)控制箱和焊机外壳应可靠的接地(零)和防止漏电。接线板罩壳必须盖好。(6)埋弧自动焊机的小车轮子要有良好绝缘，导线应绝缘良好，工作过程中应理顺导线，防止扭转及被熔渣烧坏。(7)焊接进行中，不许铲药皮、清渣，铲药皮清渣时要戴护目镜。(8)认真及时做好保养工作，保持机械完好状态，机械不得带病工作，运转中发现不正常，立即停机断电检查，排除故障方可使用。(9)操作人员下班时，要将机械停放在待命位置，关机断电，锁好电闸箱，清理现场杂物，焊渣。(10)半自动埋弧焊的焊把应有固定放置处，以防短路。(11)埋弧自动焊熔剂的成分
38、里含有氧化锰等对人体有害的物质。焊接时虽不像手弧焊那样产生可见烟雾，但将产生一定量的有害气体和蒸气。所以，在工作地点最好有局部的抽气通风设备。七、工艺评定过程根据JB/T4708/4709-2000钢制压力容器焊接工艺评定进行以下试验，并满足下表10所涉及的要求.力学性能，表10b/pab/pa5(%)弯曲角度/()(d=3a)冲击试验其他缺口形式试验温度/AKV/J420-53020524100V5027-1、力学试验2、弯曲试验3、冲击试验4、RT试验八、工艺规程指导书14mm 20g工业锅炉筒体双面埋弧焊纵焊缝焊接工艺规程指导书，见表11单位名称 xxx工程建设公司 焊接工艺指导书编号
39、WPS-2013-001 日期 20131/11/7 焊接工艺评定报告编号 xxx-2013-001 焊接方法 埋弧焊 机械化程度（手工、半自动、自动） 自动 编制人 程新奇 日期 2013/11/7 批准人 日期焊接接头：对接接头 简图：（接头形式、坡口形式与尺寸、焊层、焊道布置及顺序）坡口形式： V型 衬垫（材料及规格） ZHC-1焊剂衬垫（转盘式焊剂衬垫） 其他 根据母材厚度确定焊接层数 ；第一层在焊剂衬垫上焊接。母材：类别号 组别号 -1 与类别号 组别号 -1 相焊及标准号 GB/T 12459-2005 钢号 22G 与标准号 GB/T 12459-2005 钢号 22G 相焊厚度
40、范围：母材：对接焊缝 20mm 角焊缝 管子直径、壁厚范围：对接焊缝 角焊缝 不限 焊缝金属厚度范围：对接焊缝 角焊缝 其他 焊接材料：焊材类别焊丝焊剂焊材标准JB/T4709-2007JB/T4709-2007填充金属尺寸5焊材型号F4A2HJ431焊材牌号H08MnAH08MnA其他耐蚀堆焊金属化学成分（%）CSiMnPSCrNiMoCuTiV其他：焊接位置：对接焊缝的位置 平位 焊接方向：（向上、向下） 向下 角焊缝位置 焊接方向：（向上、向下） 焊后热处理： 温度范围（） 550650 保温时间（h） 50min-80min 预热：预热温度（）（允许最低值） 80 层间温度（）（允许最
41、高值） 300 保持预热时间 加热方式 气体： 气体种类 混合比 流量（L/min）保 护 气 尾部保护气 背面保护气 电特性电流种类： 见下表 极性： 焊接电流范围（A）： 见下表 电弧电压（V）： 见下表 （按所焊位置和厚度，分别列出电流和电压范围，记入下表）焊道/焊层焊接方法填充材料焊接电流电弧电压（V）焊接速度（cm/min）线能量（KJ/cm）牌号直径电流种类电流（A）1SAWH08MnA5交流6508003640253523钨极类型及直径 喷嘴直径（mm）： 熔滴过渡形式 焊丝送进速度（cm/min）： 4555 技术措施：摆动焊或不摆动： 不摆动 摆动参数： 焊前清理和层间清理：
42、清理干净、露出金属光泽 背面清根方法： 第一层焊后，背面电弧气刨 单道焊或多道焊（每面）： 双面单道 单丝焊或多丝焊： 单丝 导电嘴至工件距离（mm）： 10 20 锤击： 其他： 编制程新奇日期2013/11/7审核日期批准日期 注：对每一种母材与焊接材料的组合需分别填表九、参考文献张帅谋.国际焊接标准解读与贯彻.安徽：安徽机电职业技术学院出版社，2009杨松.锅炉压力容器焊接技术.北京：机械工业出版社，20013雷世明.焊接方法与设备. 北京：机械工业出版社，20013王小平.金属材料焊接工艺与评定.安徽：安徽机电职业技术学院出版社，2009GB/T4709-2007钢制压力容器焊接规程标
43、准释义.中国标准出版社，2000improve, security prevention capacity obviously enhanced, security hidden and security accident obviously reduced, effective guarantees information health development. XX Education Centre regularly carry out day-to-day network security monitoring information and equipment. By the appropriate technical staff