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1、一 主谓结构（S十V）,本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成, 常用来表示主语的动作。 如：The sun rises. 主语可有修饰语-定语，如，The red sun rises. 谓语可有修饰语-状语，如，The red sun rises in the east.,1.你应当努力学习。 2.她昨天回家很晚。 3.那天早上我们谈了很多。 4.会议将持续两个小时。 5. 在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。 1. You should study hard. 2. She went home very late yesterday evening. 3. That morning
2、 we talked a great deal. 4. The meeting will last two hours. 5. Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.,6. 这种事情全世界各地每天都在发生。 7. 1919年，在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。 8.每天八时开始上课。 9.这个盒子重五公斤。 10.五年前我住在北京。 6. Things of that sort are happening all over the world every day. 7. The May Fourth
3、Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919. 8. Classes begin at eight every day. 9. This box weighs five kilos. 10. I lived in Beijing five years ago.,11.爱丽丝很会游泳。 12.约翰的父亲昨晚去世了。 13.秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。 14.我的爷爷早晨起得很早。 15.每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。 11. Alice swims very well. 12. Johns father died last night. 13. In autumn,
4、some birds fly to the south. 14. My grandfather gets up early in the morning. 15. Every afternoon a lot of students come to the library to borrow books.,二主谓宾结构- S十V十O,此结构是由主语+谓语+宾语构成。 此句式中,V代表及物动词或及物动词词组(vt)，只有及物动词或及物动词短语才能且必须接宾语，因此后有宾语；宾语须是名词或相当于名词的成分 （名词，名词短语或代词） 。 例如：I saw you yesterday. I saw a
5、film .,eg: I saw a film . 译：我看了一部电影。 （I是主语，saw是谓语，a film宾语） eg: They took good care of the children 译：他们把这些孩子照看得很好。 (they是主语 ,took good care of是谓语,其中took是take的过去式，the children是宾语),说明： 此结构中的谓语动词如果是动词词组,分两种情况: 1.及物动词+副词， 2.不及物动词+介词,即变成及物动词词组,1.动词+副词：get in(收割),hand in（提交，交进） 动词+介词：persist in(坚持)，succe
6、ed in (在成功) 2.动词+副词：如，turn on(开),move on（走开）, pass on（传递）, put on（穿上）, have on（穿着）. 动词+介词：work on（从事于）, operate on（在上动手术）, agree on（同意）get on（上车，上船）,ride on（骑上）,有的含有介词 at, for, from, into, of, with, to 等的动介词组是不可拆分的。 如，look after照顾 look at瞧 look for寻找 belong to属于 refer to参考、提及 think of考虑，评价 send for派
7、人去请 care for喜欢 suffer from受之苦 deal with对付，应付 object to反对 pay for付的钱,等 。,1.含有away, out, forward, up 等副词的动副词组是可拆分的。如， They carried out the plan successfully. =They carried the plan out successfully. 但我们只说, As the plan was practical, they carried it out successfully. 动副词组都可以这样用，如， point out指出 carry out
8、执行 put forward提出work out做出、算出 find out找出 give up放弃 give away赠送，分发 pick up拣起 put up挂上,等,总结：动+副构成的短语动词，宾语是名词可以置中或置后，宾语是代词只能置中,1.昨晚我写了一封信。 I wrote a letter last night. 2.这本书他读过多次了。 He has read this book many times. 3.他们成功地完成了计划。(carry out) They have carried out the plan successfully. 4.你们必须在两周内看完这些书。(f
9、inish doing) You must finish reading these books in two weeks. 5.那位先生能流利地说三种语言。 That gentlemen can speak three languages fluently.,6.我开窗户你在意吗？ Do you mind my opening the window? 7.Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。(dress oneself) Jim cannot dress himself. 8.我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。 I received a letter from my pen friend in Aust
10、ralia.,9.我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。 All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy. 10.他不知道说什麽好。 He did not know what to say. 11.他每天早晨洗冷水澡。(take a bath) He takes a cold bath every morning. 12.他们高度赞扬了英雄的业迹。 (sing praise for) They sang high praise for the deeds of the hero.,翻译练习,我不信任那个人。（believe in) 他指出了我的作文中
11、的错误。 (point out) 圣诞节我们将去看望外籍教师。(call on ) 你们必须在课后把练习本交上来。(hand in) 五分钟内我们是不可能解出这道题来的。(work out) 这位护士会好好照顾你父亲的。(take good care of) 你在工作中可依靠他。(depend on) 沸腾的水散发水蒸汽。 (give off) 写完作文后，我们必须把它从头到尾看一遍。(go over) 脱掉你的外套，离开前再穿。(take off) 人们会把她找出来的。(find out) 我们必须派人去请医生 (send for),1 我不信任那个人。（believe in) 2 他指出了
12、我的作文中的错误。 (point out) 3 圣诞节我们将去看望外籍教师。(call on ) 4 你们必须在课后把练习本交上来。(hand in) 5 五分钟内我们是不可能解出这道题来的。(work out) 1 I dont believe in(介) that man. 2 He pointed out（副） the mistakes in my composition. 3 On Christmas Day, we will call on（介）our foreign teachers. 4 You must hand in（副） your exercise-books after
13、class. 5 We cannot work out（副） the problem in five minutes.,1 这位护士会好好照顾你父亲的。(take good care of) 2 你在工作中可依靠他。(depend on) 3 沸腾的水散发水蒸汽。 (give off) 4 写完作文后，我们必须把它从头到尾看一遍。(go over) 5 脱掉你的外套，离开前再穿。(take off, put on) 6 人们会把她找出来的。(find out) 7 我们必须派人去请医生 (send for) 1 The nurse will take good care of your fat
14、her. 2 You can depend on（介） him in your work. 3 Boiling water gives off（副） steam. 4 After writing a composition, we must go over（介）it. 5 Take off your coat and put it on（副） before you leave. 6 People will find her out（副）. 7 We must send for（介） a doctor,1 我进去时，他在浇花。 He was watering the flowers when I
15、 came in. 2 他们成功地实施了这项计划。 They carried out the plan successfully. 3 他决定放弃该计划。 She decided to give up the plan. 4 她努力争取每天做好每件事。 She tried to do a good deed every day. 5 他几乎不知道怎么写作文。 He hardly knew how to write a composition.,6 我真的不知道是走还是留。 I really dont know whether to go or stay. 7 我们花了太多钱买书。 We spe
16、nt too much money (on) buying the books. 8 我认为对他来说学习一门外语是很必要的。 I think that its necessary for min to learn a foreign language. 9 他喜欢听音乐。 He enjoys listening to music. 10 讲故事对提高英语口语很有用。 Telling stories is useful to improving oral English.,三 主系表结构 S十V十P,本结构是由“主语+系动词+表语”组成，主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。 P一般是形容
17、词或名词或名词性质的短语，V是系动词,常见的系动词有 （1）表示特征和存在状态的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound. （2）表示状态延续的 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand. （3）表示状态变化的 become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow.,eg: He is handsome 译：他长得帅。 (he做主语，is是系动词，handsome是形容词，做表语) eg: He is a clever boy。 译：他是一个聪明的男孩（he是主语，is
18、 是系动词，a clever boy是名词短语不定冠词a/an + 形容词名词单数，做表语） eg: The desk feels hard 译：书桌摸起来很硬。(The desk是主语，feel是系动词，hard是形容词),我的兄弟都是大学生。 冬季白天短，夜晚长。 布朗夫人看起来很健康。 十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。 孩子们，请保持安静。 My brothers are all college students. In winter, the days are short and the nights are long. Mrs Brown looks very healthy. At
19、the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist. Children, keep quiet please.,这本书是有关美国历史的书。 她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。 他失业了。 树叶已经变黄了。 这个报告听起来很有意思。 This book is about the history of the United States. Her job is to look after the children in the nursery. He is out of work. The leaves have turned yellow. The repor
20、t sounds interesting.,他哥哥是个流行歌手。 His brother is a popular singer. 夏天他最喜欢的运动时游泳。 His favorite sport in summer is swimming. 这消息令人失望。 The news was disappointed. 他今天看起来很高兴。 He looks very happy today. 天气变得相当温暖。 The weather is getting quite warm.,四.主谓宾补结构S十V十O十C,此结构由主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语构成。 及物动词本身需要一个宾语外， 还
21、需要一个名词、形容词、副词、动词不定式、分词来补充说明宾语，才能表达一个完整的意念。 The sun keeps us warm.,宾语与宾语补足语有逻辑的主谓关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不完整。可以用做宾补的有，名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词。如， You must get your hair cut. I heard him singing.,We elected Li Yang our monitor. The news made us sad. She saw the thief steal into the shop . The teacher asked me to
22、 answer the question . I found the man stealing the money . I found my money stolen .,用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足的后面，是英语常用句型.即 主语 + 谓语 + it + 宾补 + 真正宾语 如， I found it very pleasant to be with your family. I made it clear that we will have a test tomorrow.,现在分词为宾语补足语时，宾语与现在分词之间是主动关系； 过去分词为宾语补足语时,宾语与过去分词之
23、间是被动关系。,We saw the thief caught by the police.,People found the water polluted.,I heard the girl singing in the classroom.,I noticed a long queue outside the bank waiting for it to open.,The next morning she found the man lying in bed, dead.,I often hear this song sung in the street.,2. 在let(让)，make
24、(使得)，have（请，让，使得），see(看)，hear(听到)，watch(观看)，feel(感觉到)，listen to (倾听)，look at (看到)，notice(注意到)等动词后的宾语补足语如果为不定式， 则省掉”to”,但变为被动语态时， 则要带”to”. e.g The teacher asked me to answer the question. We hear her sing next door. She is heard to sing next door.,我们叫她Alice. 他的父母给他取名为John. 我们大家都认为他是诚实的。 他们把门推开了。 他们把小
25、偷释放了。 We call her Alice. His parents named him John. All of us considered him honest. They pushed the door open. They have set the thief free.,我们要使学校变得更美丽。 他请我们参加做游戏。 我要你把真相告诉我。 卫兵命令我们立即离开。 明天我要找人来修理机器。 We will make our school more beautiful. He asked us to join in the game. I want you to tell me th
26、e truth. The guards ordered us to leave at once. Tomorrow Ill have someone repair the machine.,痛苦使得他叫喊起来。 我们不会让她在晚上外出的。 他每个月理一次发。 我要请人把我的录音机修理一下。 那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了 The pain made him cry out. We wont let her go out at night. He has his hair cut once a month. Ill get my recorder mended. The terrible sound
27、 made the children frightened.,她正在听人家讲故事。 男孩子们都在看士兵们操练。 我从来没看见这个字这样用过。 他感到很难跟你交谈。 She is listening to someone telling stories. The boys were watching the soldiers drilling. I have never seen the word used that way before. He felt it very difficult to talk with you.,我想乘船去那里更舒服些。 我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。 学校定了一
28、条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。 我认为与那个人谈话是无益的。 I think it more comfortable to go there by ship. I consider it possible to work out the problem in another way. The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins. I thought it no use talking with that man,五.主谓双宾结构: S十V十O1十O2,在此句式中，V是带有双宾语的及物
29、动词。常见的需带双宾语的动词有give，ask，bring，offer，send，pay，lend，show，tell，buy，get等。 He gave me a book. (he 是主语gave是谓语动词，是give 的过去式，me是间宾，a book是直宾) =He gave a book to me 译：他给我一本书。 He brought me some food . = He brought some food to me.,eg: He brought me a pen. =He brought a pen to me （brought是bring的过去式,译为“带来”） 译：
30、他带给我一枝钢笔。 eg: Mother bought me a book. = Mother bought a book for me. （bought是buy的过去式） 译：妈妈给我买了一本书。,说明： 此结构由主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）组成。如， He brings me cookies every day. She made me a beautiful dress. 但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for,如， He brings cookies to me every day. She made a beautiful
31、 dress for me.,用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。 用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。 常跟双宾语的动词有： （需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask,等。 （需借助for 的） buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare,等。,1. Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。 2. 奶奶
32、昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。 3. Mary把钱包交给校长了。 4. 请把那本字典递给我好吗？ 5. 他把车票给列车员看。 6. 这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了 1 Mr Johnson taught us German last year. 2 Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 3 Mary handed the wallet to the schoolmaster. 4 Would you please pass me the dictionary? 5 He showed the ticket to the conduc
33、tor. 6 This term I have written three letters to my parents.,7. 我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。 8. Robinson Crusoe 给自己做了一只小船。 9. 请你给我弄一本新的，好吗？ 10. 我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？ 11. 新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。,7 My father has bought me a new bike. 8 Robinson Crusoe made himself a boat. 9 Will you please get me a new copy? 10 Shall I call you a
34、 taxi? 11 The new machine will save you a lot of labour.,六 祈使句结构,表示请求、命令等。它的主语是听话人，一般不需要说出来（主语）。他的谓语动词一律用原形。结构： 动词原形+其他成分 be+表语+其他成分 Dont+动词原形+其他成分 Dont +be+表语 Let +宾语+动词原形+其他成分,1 请给我递张纸。 Pass me a piece of paper, please. 2 别碰它！ Dont touch it! 3 别在行驶的车上看书。 Dont read on a moving car/bus. 4 别那么傻，好吗？ D
35、ont be silly, will you? 5 让我们一起去看电影吧，好吗？ Lets go to see a film, shall we?,6 千万听老师的话！ Do listen to the teachers! 7 让他进来/出去。 Let him in/out. 8 放下武器! Lay down your arms! 9 让我帮助你学英语吧。 Let me help you with your English. 10 不要说话，否则你将受到惩罚。 Dont talk, or you will be punished.,七 感叹句,结构： 1 What+形容词+名词+主谓结构！ 2
36、 How+形容词/副词+主谓结构！ 3 How +陈述句！（强调动词）,What+形容词+名词+主谓结构！ 1天气真糟！ What terrible/bad weather (it is)! 2 多冷的水啊！ What cold water (it is)! 3 他们是多么用功的学生啊！ What hardworking students they are! 4 他是一个多么聪明的孩子啊！ What a clever boy he is! 5 她在电影里演了一个多么有趣的角色啊！ What an interesting role she played in the film!,How+形容词/
37、副词+主谓结构！ 1 你多热心啊！ How nice/warm-hearted you are! 2 你真聪明！ How clever you are! 3 他们工作真起劲！ How hard they are working! 4 这部电影真令人激动啊！ How exciting the film is! 5 能应邀参加国庆大典，多好啊！ How wonderful (it is) to be invited to the National Day celebration!,How +陈述句！（强调动词） 1 时间过得真快啊！ How time flies! 2 他们多么痛恨这些老板啊！ H
38、ow they hate those bosses! 3 你跑的真快啊！ How fast you run! 4 她唱得真好！ How well she sings!,八 并列句,用并列连词，逗号+连词，或分号把两个或两个以上的、具有逻辑关系的简单句连接为一体，构成并列句。 常见连词有： but, and, for, so, yet, however, therefore, or eitheror, neithernor,not onlybut also,1 他不得不回到家，他想要点钱。 He had to come back home, for he wanted some money. 2
39、 她就在他身后，但是他没有注意到。 She just stood behind him, but he didnt notice. 3 春天来了，树变绿了。 Spring is coming and the trees are turning green. 4 她一定是病了，因为她今天早上没来上学。 She must be ill, for she didn t come to school this morning. 5 他发现里面没人，就走了。 He found nobody in the room , so he went away.,6 他虽然老了，仍积极工作。 He is old ,
40、 yet/but he is still active in his work. 7 这篇文章很好，然而还是有改进的地方。 The composition is all right; however, there is room for improvement. 8 他太累了，所以睡得很沉。 He was tired, and therefore he fell sound asleep. 9 我爱喝咖啡，但是他爱喝茶。 I love drinking coffee while he likes drinking tea. 10 他既不愿回家也不愿上学。 Neither will he go
41、home nor will he go to school.,11 不是你错了，就是他错了。 Either you are wrong or he is (wrong). 12 不是你疯了，就是我疯了。 Either you are mad or I am (mad). 13 汽车出故障了，我们得找个电话、 The car broken down, so we had to find a telephone. 14 他工作努力，却失败了。 He worked hard, yet/but he failed. 15 昨天夜里肯定下过雨，因为地面还是湿的。 It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.,九 复合句机构,复合句，有一个主句和若干个从句组成，主句和从句都具备完整的主谓结构，主句是主题，从句是一个成分。 根据不同作用，从句可分为：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句、同位语从句。,十 简化句子,