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1、议论文（ 观点对比型、各抒己见型）,观点对比型 1.提纲式作文：按照表格或提示言之有序，老师是找点给分的。 2.开放式作文：找到最本质的特征。 思维训练模式：a. listing; b. reasoning; c. brain storm.,作文常用关联词,表示时间关系：first, second, then, finally/at lastin the end , soon， immediately, suddenly, at the same time, meanwhile, recently 表示对称顺序关系：for one thing for the other thing, on o
2、ne hand,on the other hand，above all, first of all, firstly, secondly, next, finally，the former.the latter, 表示递进关系：what is more, as well, moreover, besides ,furthermore, in addition，whats worse 表示换一种方式表达：in other words ,that is to say,表示举例说明：for example, like, such as, for instance 表示陈述事实：in fact ,ac
3、tually, as a matter of fact, to tell you the truth 表示总结：on the whole, in a word, to sum up, in short, in conclusion, from what I have said above 表示因果关系：as a result ,thus, therefore, so that, as, because, consequently, 表示转折：but, however, while, instead, although, different from, not only but also 表达自
4、己的观点：in my opinion, personally, as far as I know, I believe, I think, as we all know ,It is known to us all that.,范例1：假如你事实李华，你班同学最近开长了一场讨论，主题是：高三学生要不要参加体育锻炼，请根据下面所提供的信息，写一篇短文，介绍讨论的情况，并发表自己的观点,1.关键词语 体育锻炼 做早操 增强体质 减少疾病 休息 学习有效果 浪费时间 投入学习 受伤,take exercises do morning exercises build up the body reduc
5、e the disease have a rest study more effectively a waste of time pay attention to study be hurt,2.作文结构,1.have had a discussion about whether students of Senior 3 should take physical exercises. As we know, every coin has two coins./Different students have different ideas . 2.55%of the students think
6、.such as(举例)（原因） 3.On the other hand,45% of the students believe.(原因） 4.In my opinion, I prefer to,3.范文： Recently , we have had a discussion about whether have had a discussion about whether students of Senior 3 should take physical exercises. As we know, every coin has two coins. 55%of the students
7、 think they should take all kinds of exercises every day ,such as doing morning exercises, playing table tennis and playing basketball, but not spend too much time on them . As a proverb says ,” all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. “Exercise builds up their body and reduce lots of diseases. S
8、ports let them have a good rest so that their study will be more effective. On the other hand,45% of the students believe taking exercise is a waste of time and tiring. After taking exercise, they are too excited for a long time to pay attention to their lessons. And its possible to be hurt in sport
9、s. In my opinion, I prefer to take proper exercises in my spare time.,练习：“你们班会的讨论主题是“上大学是高中生唯一的出路吗？”请根据下面提供的信息写一偏短文，客观的介绍下讨论的情况，并发表自己的观点,关键词语：widen knowledge, improve qualities, high tuition, senior students 关键句子：of us consider it necessary to go to college 10% of students think it no use going to c
10、ollege 30% believe “All roads lead to Rome.”,范例2： 某中学生英语报社正开展一场题为“Young teachers or elderly teachers，which do you prefer?” 请你依据下面表格所提供的要点写一篇短文，向该报社投稿。,注意：1词数100左右，开头语已为你写好，不计入总数；2短文必须包含表格的全部内容。要求观点明确，结构合理，紧凑连贯,学生作品1： Compare with young teachers, I prefer elderly teachers. There are some reasons belo
11、w. For one thing, most of elderly teachers are patient in teaching. They not only spare no effort to teach the students, but also give classes carefully .They will do all they can to make the students understand the teaching content.What good teachers! For another thing, elderly teachers are full of
12、 teaching experience. This is also the most important, especially for us senior students. This is only my opinion. I think young teachers are also good.,点评： 亮点：1、观点鲜明，词汇句型的运用 比较灵活 2、过渡词及连词的使用使文章结构紧凑连贯、条理清楚。,2、审题不全面，忽略了对青年教师这部分信息的处理。这一点是比较大的失误。,1),2),3),1) Compared,2) more,3) try to make the classes
13、lively and interesting,不足之处：,1、个别地方的表达需 要改进。,学生作品2: Opinions are divided on this question. Some students who like the elderly teachers more than the young ones think that the elderly ones are more patient in teaching, more careful in explaining and also have a lot of experience. However, the others
14、have a different opinion. They think the teachers who are young are full of energy. Besides, their teaching is lively and they dare to bring in the new ideas. Well, in my opinion, I like both the elderly teachers and the young ones because from them we both can learn a lot.,点评： 亮点： 1、段落清楚，要点齐 全，句式表达
15、比较灵 活，能适当运用复句。 2、过渡词运用也比较 熟练。,需要改进的地方：,1）,2),3),4),1) prefer the elderly teachers to the young ones,2) with explanations,3) the 去掉,4) The young teachers,One possible version: Opinions are divided on this question. Some students may like elderly teachers teaching because they think elderly teachers h
16、ave more teaching experience and that they tend to be patient and careful with explanations. However, I prefer to be taught by young teachers. Firstly, we students have much in common with them. So they are our friends as well as our teachers. Secondly, they are more .energetic and enthusiastic. Usu
17、ally they can make their classes lively and interesting. Besides, they are more ready to accept or create new ideas, including teaching. Thirdly, most young teachers devote themselves to their work, making them teach creatively and effectively. In a word, I prefer young teachers to elderly teachers.
18、,练习：人们对于网上交友持不同的意见请用英语写一篇学生网上教友的短文，介绍人们的不同观点，并表达自己的观点,关键词：make friends ,express feeling freely ,foreign studies, a waste of time, get cheated online. 关键句子：Students should place their study ,health ,and safety before other things .,2001年高考书面表达,假设你是李华，你的澳大利亚朋友Dick听说中国的中小学正在减轻学生的学习负担，来信询问有关情况。请你根据下表提供的
19、信息，写一封回信，谈一谈减负给你的学习和生活带来的变化。,2001年高考书面表达,Dear Dick, How nice to hear from you again. You want to know what is going on in schools in China? In short, things have begun to improve since schools were called on to reduce learning load. I dont know about others, but I used to have to work even at weeken
20、ds doing endless homework and attending classes as well. Now I have more free time. I can follow my own interests such as reading books, visiting museums, and taking computer lessons. In the evenings I can watch news on TV or read newspapers. Whats more, I can go to bed earlier. As far as I know, ev
21、eryone is happy about this new arrangement of things. Best wishes, Li Hua,2002年高考书面表达,最近，你校同学正在参加某英文报组织的一场讨论。讨论的主题是：公园要不要收门票？请你根据下表所提供的信息，给报社写一封信，客观地介绍讨论情况。,Dear Editor, Im writing to tell you about the discussion weve had about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks. Opinions are divid
22、ed on the question. 60% of the students are against the idea of entrance fees. They believed a public park should be free of charge. People need a place where they can rest and enjoy themselves. Charging entrance fees will no doubt keep some people away. What is more, it will become necessary to bui
23、ld gates and walls, which will do harm to the appearance of a city. On the other hand, 40% think that fees should be charged because you need money to pay gardeners and other workers, and to buy plants and young trees. They suggest, however, fees should be charged low. Yours truly, Li Hua,观点对立型写作模板,
24、1.正反观点对比 The topic about 话题 is becoming more and more popular in 范围 recently. There are two sides of opinion about it. Some people prefer to consider doing sth.They think that 理由一，whats more,理由二，moreover,理由三。 However,others belive 观点is a better choice for free reasons. To begin with, 理由一，next，理由二，in
25、addition, 理由三。 From my point of view, the formmer is surely a wise choice. The reason is that 原因。,2.优缺点对比 In recent years, 所要讨论的问题has been popular. There are many advantages in First, 优点一，second，优点二，third，优点三。 However，there are some disadvantages. First, 缺点一，besides，缺点二，also，缺点三。 In my opinion, it i
26、s true that advantages are more than disadvantages. I think 自己的观点。,各抒己见型议论文,要注意的几个问题： 1.主题句的问题。 2.段落衔接的问题，要有过渡句。 3.论据到底应分几点来说？ 典型、 精炼 4.议论文一定要有架构意识。,2007 山东省高考书面表达,今年，教育部直属师范大学将招收一批免费师范生，学生毕业后须回生源所在省份的中小学 任教十年以上，你愿意成为一名免费师范生吗？请陈述理由。,Yes, I want to be such a student. First, it goes without saying tha
27、t a four-term-free pay will set me free from the high tuition, which is usually to be a heavy financial burden for my family.Then, I could entirely throw myself into my study. Second, I love teaching and have a long-cherished dream to be a teacher. I maintain that nothing can give me more pleasure t
28、han teaching because I am eager to see my students make progress and be the backbone of our country in the future. Moreover, to be a teacher is one part of my duties that I should do.By doing this I can make good contributions to our countrys education. Therefore, I take great pride to do that and I will do the best I can do and be the best I can be.,