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1、,Introduction to Henry David Thoreau,1,Introduction to Walden,checking of Selected reading( P47 ),Comparative study : Thoreau and Tao Yuanming,4,2,3,Birth place: Born in Concord, Massachusetts in 1817 Education Experience: studied at Harvard University(1833 and 1837). His relationship with Emerson:
2、Emersons truest disciple and friends. Residence at Walden Pond: in 1845, he began to take a two-year-residence at Walden Pond,Thoreau was a protester as well. Disapproved of the governments conduct of the Mexican War by refusing to pay his poll tax（人头税. (was sent to jail 1 night). He contracted Tube
3、rculosis and suffered from it afterwards. He died in 1862 and was buried in Sleepy Hollow Cemetery.,Continuing,3) A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers 在康科德与梅里马克河上一周,a record of a canoe excursion, giving observant comments on nature, man, society and literature,2) A Plea for John Brown 为约翰布朗申辩,
4、1) Civil Disobedience 论公民之不服从,4) Walden 沃尔登湖,another name, Life in the Woods,a collection of nature essays,a great Transcendentalist work.,a book about man, what he is, and what he should be and must be.,full of ideas expressed to persuade his neighbors out of their complacency(自满),masterpiece,moved
5、 to a cabin on Walden Pond, on July 4, 1845; lived there for 2 years,一直在寻找他，不经意撞入眼帘时却是如此陌生-居然无法安静下来，也许现在真的不能进入他的灵魂深处，然而，肯定会有一天，静静地、静静地 -青年作家 落思,喧嚣的世界，人们疲惫奔波于生活。不经意地，看到了这一泓清澈，终于明白-生命的真谛在这里，享受一片安静，咀嚼自然美丽！ -青年作家 方舟,每日的繁忙生活让我们忘记了思考的重要性，夜晚，在台灯下面，静静地读瓦尔登湖这本静静的书，一切的喧嚣都变成了过眼云烟。心中只有美丽、纯洁 -环境学家 郭慧,瓦尔登湖是本静静的书，
6、极静极静的书，并不是热热闹闹的书。它是一本寂寞的书， 一本孤独的书。它只是一本一个人的书；如果你的心没有安静下来，恐怕你很难进入到这本书里去。 -徐迟瓦尔登湖译本序,众口一词,梭罗研究专家哈丁：瓦尔登湖的五种读法,林雨堂先生在论生活的重要性中写道： “就其整个人生观来说,梭罗在美国作家中最 具中国情趣.作为中国人，我感觉与梭罗心心 相通。我可以将梭罗的文字译成中文， 把它们当作中国诗人的诗作向国人展示。 没有人会产生怀疑。”,How many books were taken with him at the last time of his life? 新旧约全书 瓦尔登湖 孤筏重洋（挪威），
7、海雅达尔Thor Heyerdanl 康拉德小说选,From tomorrow on I will be a happy man Grooming, chopping and traveling all over the world From tomorrow on I will care foodstuff and vegetable Living in a house towards the sea with spring blossoms From tomorrow on write to each of my dear ones Telling them of my happiness
8、 What the lightening of happiness has told me I will spread it to each of them Give a warm name for every river and every mountain Strangers, I will also wish you happy May you have a brilliant future May your lovers eventually become spouse May you enjoy happiness in this earthly world I only wish
9、to face the sea, with spring flowers blossoming,Chapter 1 Economy Chapter 2 Where I Lived,and What I Lived For Chapter 3 Reading Chapter 4 Sounds Chapter 5 Solitude Chapter 6 Visitors Chapter 7 The Bean-Field Chapter 8 The Village Chapter 9 The Ponds,Chapter 10 Baker Farm Chapter 11 Higher Laws Chap
10、ter 12 Brute Neighbors Chapter 13 House-Warming Chapter 14 Former Inhabitants and Winter Visitors Chapter 15 Winter Animals Chapter 16 The Pond in Winter Chapter 17 Spring Chapter 18 Conclusion,That man is the richest whose pleasure is the cheapest. Henry David Thoreau The lesson he taught himself,
11、and which he tried to teach others, was summed in the one word- “simplify” (simplify the outward circumstances of your life, simplify your needs and your ambitions, learn to delight in the simple pleasures which the world of nature affords. And unlike most who advocate such attitudes, he put them in
12、to practice.,1 A man is rich in proportion to the number of things which he can afford to let alone. 2 I have frequently seen a poet withdraw , having enjoyed the most valuable part of a farm, while the crusty farmers supposed that he had got a few apples only.,3 The hollow and lichen-covered apple
13、trees, gnawed by rabbits, showing what kind of neighbors I should have. 4 But I would say to my fellows, once for all, as long as possible live free and uncommitted. It makes but little difference whether you are committed to a farm or the country jail.,5 As I have said , I do not propose to write a
14、n ode to dejection, but to brag as lustily as chanticleer in the morning, standing on his roost, if only to wake my neighbors up. 6 The morning wind forever blows, the poem of creation is uninterrupted; but few are the ears that hear it.,7 The Harivansa says,“An abode without birds is like a meat wi
15、thout seasoning.” such was not my abode, for I found myself suddenly neighbor to the birds, not by having imprisoned one, but having caged myself near them. 8 “There was a shepherd that did live, And held his thoughts as high As were the mounts whereon his flocks Did hourly feed his by” What should
16、we think of the shepherds life if his flocks always wandered to higher pastures than his thoughts?,曾有个牧羊人活在世上， 他的思想有高山那样 崇高，在那里他的羊群 每小时都给与他营养。如果牧羊人的羊群老是走到比他的思想还要高的牧场上，我们会觉得他的生活是怎样的呢？,First, he was escaping the dehumanizing effects of the Industrial Revolution by returning to a simpler, agrarian grer
17、i:n lifestyle. Second, he was simplifying his life and reducing his expenditures, increasing the amount of leisure time in which he could work on his writings. Third, he was putting into practice the Transcendentalist belief that one can best “transcend“ normality and experience the Ideal, or the Di
18、vine, through nature.,1.He saw nature as a genuine restorative healthy influence on mans spiritual well-being, and regarded it as a symbol of spirit. He firmly believes that “nature objects and phenomena are the original symbols or types which express our thoughts and feelings.”. 2.Thoreau has faith
19、 in the inner virtue and inward, spiritual grace of man. He holds that the most important thing for men to do with their lives is to be self-sufficient and strive to achieve personal spiritual perfection. So he has been regarded as a prophet of individualism in American literature.,3.Thoreau was ver
20、y critical of modern civilization. It was, in his opinion, degrading and enslaving man. As he saw it, modern civilized life had dehumanized man and placed him in a spiritual quandary. 4.In his opinion, spiritual richness is real wealth. 5. Walden exhibits Thoreaus calm trust in the future and his ar
21、dent belief in a new generation of men.,Happiness is like a butterfly: the more you chase it, the more it will elude you, but if you turn your attention to other things, it will come and sit softly on your shoulder -Thoreau Simplify , simplify , simplifier.,However mean your life is, meet it and liv
22、e it; do not shun it and call it hard names. It is not so bad as you are. It looks poorest when you are richest. The fault-finder will find faults in paradise. Love your life, poor as it is. You may perhaps have some pleasant, thrilling, glorious hours, even in a poor-house. The setting sun is refle
23、cted from the windows of the alms-house as brightly as from the rich mans abode; the snow melts before its door as early in the spring. I do not see but a quiet mind may live as contentedly there, and have as cheering thoughts, as in a palace. The towns poor seem to me often to live the most indepen
24、dent lives of any. May be they are simply great enough to receive without misgiving. Most think that they are above being supported by the town; but it often happens that they are not above supporting themselves by dishonest means, which should be more disreputable. Cultivate poverty like a garden herb, like sage. Do not trouble yourself much to get new things, whether clothes or friends. Turn the old; return to them. Things do not change; we change. Sell your clothes and keep your thoughts. http:/