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1、1.作定语,2.作表语,4.作状语,3.作宾补,过去分词,The Past Participle used as Attribute and Predicative,单个过去分词作定语，常放在被修饰词的 前面;过去分词短语作定语，常放在被修饰 词的后面。,1.English is a widely used language.,3.This is one of the schools built in 1980s.,过去分词作定语,2.He threw away the broken cup.,4.Prices of daily goods bought through a computer
2、can be lower than store prices.,spoken English = English which is spoken terrified people = the people who are terrified an organized way = a way that is organized affected area 灾区 = the area which is affected,stolen culture relics = culture relics that had been stolen the book recommended by the te
3、acher = the book which was recommended by the teacher printed articles = articles that are printed,Discovering Useful Structures P4 Find more examples in the reading passage where the past participle is used as attribute and predicative.,1) Doctor John Snow was a well-known doctor in London. 2) John
4、 Snow told the astonished people in Broad Street. 3) He got interested in the two theories. 4) Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood,(Attribute),(Attribute),(Predicative),(Predicative),There are many fallen leaves on the ground. = There are many leaves which had fallen on the ground. (地上有许多
5、落叶),Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never been to Beijing. = Some of them , who had been born and brought up in rural villages, had never been to Beijing. (他们中的一些人，在农村出生并长大，从没去过北京),及物动词的过去分词表示“结束了的被 动动作”或者没有一定的时间性,只表示“被动关系”。,polluted water = water which is polluted reserved
6、seats = the seats which were reserved trapped animal = the animal which was trapped,boiled water = water which has boiled fallen leaves = the leaves which have fallen risen sun = the sun which has risen,不及物动词的过去分词不表被动， 只表示动作发生在谓语动词之前，含 有“动作完成，动作结束”之含义。,过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定 语，前后用逗号隔开。 The books, written
7、by Guo Jingming, are very popular with teenagers. 这些书是郭敬明写的，深受青少年的 喜爱。 Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never been to Beijing. 他们中的一些人，在农村出生并长大，从没过北京.,The book _ (一本农民写的书) is very popular. The building _(去年建的楼房) now collapsed in the Wenchuan earthquake. The problem _ (在昨天会议上讨
8、论的) was very difficult to solve. The window _被那个顽皮男孩打破的) is being repaired.,written by the farmer,built last year,discussed at the meeting yesterday,broken by that naughty boy,The children _昨天在医院检查的) were seriously ill. The people _(暴露在阳光下的) got sunburnt. The boy _(受到老师严厉惩罚的) is now a college studen
9、t. The water _(送到他家的水) carried disease.,examined in the hospital yesterday,exposed to the sun,punished severely by the teacher,delivered to his home,The English today is quite different from the English _(300年前所说的). Most of the artists_ (被邀请去参加聚会的) were from South Africa. The students _(受到老师鼓舞的)work
10、ed harder than ever before.,spoken in the past 300 years,invited to the party,inspired by the teacher,过去分词,作定语,A,过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且过去分词表示的动作已完成。 现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是主谓关系。 不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。 first played in 776B.C. = which was first played in 776 B.C.,The Olympic Games,_ in 776 B.C. did not include
11、women players until 1912.,Consolidation,1. Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices. A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying,B,2. With a lot of different problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. be
12、ing settled,C,3. Dont use words, expressions or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known,D,4. When I got back, I saw a message _ to the door_ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.” A. pin, read B. pinning, reading C. pinned, reading
13、 D. pinned, read,C. pinned, reading,2）作表语 表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。许多动词的过去分词已经被当作形容词使用。如：disappointed, excited, moved, puzzled, pleased, surprised, lost等。,The window is broken. 窗户碎了。 Dont get so excited. 别这么激动。,过去分词作表语,1.用作表语的过去分词被动意味很弱，主要表示 动作的完成和状态，此时相当于一个形容词。,2.被动语态的过去分词动词意味很强,句子主语为 动作的承受者，后面常跟by短语。, The
14、glass is broken. The glass was broken by Tom., The windows are closed. The windows are closed by Jack.,3.表示“感觉流露”的一些过去分词(如:interested, surprised, excited, frightened, shocked)和一些过去 分词(如dressed, drunk, devoted, lost, known)常用 作表语,表示状态.其中有些仅表示状态,毫无被动 意味。, How did the audience receive the new play? The
15、y got very excited., She was very disappointed to hear the result., Hes quite experienced in teaching beginners., How did Bob do in the exams this time? Well, his father seems pleased with his results.,过去分词,作表语,C,该题考查分词作表语的用法。“to pay sb. by the hour” 计时给某人报酬。此题被动结构作表语。类似的有：get burnt, get hurt , get
16、wounded.,Cleaning women in big cities usually get _by the hour.,A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay,2. As soon as he entered the city, he _. A. was losing B. got losing C. grew lost D. got lost,C,D,C,3. What he has done is really _.Now his parents are _ him. A. disappointing; disappointed at B. disap
17、pointing; disappointed about C. disappointing; disappointed with D. disappointed; disappointing by,1. The rooms are _, so you cant move in. A. painted B. painting C. being painted D. to be painted,现在分词和过去分词做定语的区别,现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义 现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示状态或完成 a moving movie 感人的电影 a moved audience 被感动的
18、观众 boiling water 正在烧(煮沸)的水 boiled water 已煮沸的水 developing countries 发展中国家 developed countries 发达国家 falling leaves 落叶(正在进行) fallen leaves 落叶(已经完成),The child standing over there is my brother. The room facing south is our classroom. The book written by Lu Xun is very good. The road completed yesterday is leading to Tibet.,