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1、4-2 框架结构定型组合钢模板的安装与拆除工艺标准（402-1996）1 范围本工艺标准适用于工业与民用建筑现浇框架剪力墙结构定型组合钢模板安装与拆除。2 2 施工准备2.1 材料及主要机具：2.1.1 定型组合钢模板：长度为600、750、900、1200、1500mm；宽度为100、150、200、250、300mm。2.1.2 定型钢角模：阴阳角模、连接角模。2.1.3 连接件：U形卡、L形插销、3形扣件、碟形扣件、对拉螺栓、钩头螺栓、紧固螺栓等。2.1.4 支承件：柱箍、定型空腹钢楞、钢管支柱、钢斜撑、钢桁架、木材等。2.1.5 钢模板及配件应严格检查，不合格的不得使用。经修理后的模板
2、也应符合质量标准的要求。2.1.6 隔离剂：不宜用废机油。2.1.7 斧子、锯、扳手、打眼电钻、线坠、靠尺板、方尺、铁水平、撬棍等。2.2 作业条件2.2.1 模板设计：根据工程结构型式和特点及现场施工条件，对模板进行设计，确定模板平面布置，纵横龙骨规格、数量、排列尺寸，柱箍选用的型式及间距，梁板支撑间距，模板组装形式（就位组装或预制拼装），连接节点大样。验算模板和支撑的强度、刚度及稳定性。绘制全套模板设计图（模板平面图、分块图、组装图、节点大样图、零件加工图）。模板数量应在模板设计时按流水段划分，进行综合研究，确定模板的合理配制数量。2.2.2 预制拼装：2.2.2.1 拼装场地应夯实平整，
3、条件许可时应设拼装操作平台。2.2.2.2 按模板设计图进行拼装，相邻两块板的每个孔都要用U形卡卡紧，龙骨用钩头螺栓外垫碟形扣件与平板边肋孔卡紧。2.2.2.3 柱子、剪力墙模板在拼装时，应预留清扫口或灌浆口。2.2.3 模板拼装后进行编号，并涂刷脱模剂，分规格堆放。2.2.4 放好轴线、模板边线、水平控制标高，模板底口应做水泥砂浆找平层，检查并校正，柱子用的地锚已预埋好。2.2.5 柱子、墙钢筋绑扎完毕，水电管线及预埋件已安装，绑好钢筋保护层垫块，并办完隐检手续。3 操作工艺3.1 安装柱模板：3.1.1 工艺流程： 弹柱位置线 抹找平层作定位墩 安装柱模板 安柱箍安拉杆或斜撑 办预检3.1
4、.2 按标高抹好水泥砂浆找平层，按位置线做好定位墩台，以便保证柱轴线边线与标高的准确，或者按照放线位置，在柱四边离地58cm处的主筋上焊接支杆，从四面顶住模板，以防止位移。3.1.3 安装柱模板：通排柱，先装两端柱，经校正、固定、拉通线校正中间各柱。模板按柱子大小，预拼成一面一片（一面的一边带一个角膜），或两面一片，就位后先用铅丝与主筋绑扎临时固定，用U形卡将两侧模板连接卡紧，安装完两面再安另外两面模板。3.1.4 安装柱箍：柱箍可用角钢、钢管等制成，采用木模板时可用螺栓、方木制作钢木箍。柱箍应根据柱模尺寸、侧压力大小，在模板设计中确定柱箍尺寸间距。3.1.5 安装柱模的拉杆或斜撑：柱模每边设
5、2根拉杆，固定于事先预埋在楼板内的钢筋环上，用经纬仪控制，用花篮螺栓调节校正模板垂直度。拉杆与地面夹角宜为45，预埋的钢筋环与柱距离宜为3/4柱高。3.1.6 将柱模内清理干净，封闭清理口，办理柱模预检。3.2 安装剪力墙模板：3.2.1 工艺流程：弹线 安门洞口模板 安一侧模板 安另一侧模板调整固定 办预检3.2.2 按位置线安装门洞模板，下预埋件或木砖。3.2.3 把预先拼装好的一面模板按位置线就位，然后安装拉杆或斜撑，安塑料套管和穿墙螺栓，穿墙螺栓规格和间距在模板设计时应明确确定。3.2.4 清扫墙内杂物，再安另一侧模板，调整斜撑（拉杆）使模板垂直后，拧紧穿墙螺栓。3.2.5 模板安装完
6、毕后，检查一遍扣件、螺栓是否紧固，模板拼缝及下口是否严密，办完预检手续。3.3 安装梁模板：3.3.1 工艺流程：弹线 支立柱 调整标高 安装梁底模 绑梁钢筋安装侧模 办预检3.3.2 柱子拆模后在混凝土上弹出轴线和水平线。3.3.3 安装梁钢支柱之前（如土地面必须夯实），支柱下垫通长脚手板。一般梁支柱采用单排，当梁截面较大时可采用双排或多排，支柱的间距应由模板设计规定，一般情况下，间距以60100cm为宜。支柱上面垫10cm10cm方木，支柱双向加剪力撑和水平拉杆，离地50cm设一道，以上每隔2m设一道。3.3.4 按设计标高调整支柱的标高，然后安装梁底板，并拉线找直，梁底板应起拱，当梁跨度
7、等于或大于4m时，梁底板按设计要求起拱。如设计无要求时，起拱高度宜为全跨长度的1/10003/1000。3.3.5 绑扎梁钢筋，经检查合格后办理隐检，并清除杂物，安装侧模板，把两侧模板与底板用U形卡连接。3.3.6 用梁托架或三角架支撑固定梁侧模板。龙骨间距应由模板设计规定，一般情况下宜为75cm，梁模板上口用定型卡子固定。当梁高超过60cm时，加穿梁螺栓加固。3.3.7 安装后校正梁中线、标高、断面尺寸。将梁模板内杂物清理干净，检查合格后办预检。3.4 安装楼板模板：3.4.1 工艺流程：地面夯实 支立柱 安大小龙骨 铺模板 校正标高加立杆的水平拉杆 办预检3.4.2 土地面应夯实，并垫通长
8、脚手板，楼层地面立支柱前也应垫通长脚手板。采用多层支架支模时，支柱应垂直，上下层支柱应在同一竖向中心线上。3.4.3 从边跨一侧开始安装，先安第一排龙骨和支柱，临时固定；再安第二排龙骨和支柱，依次逐排安装。支柱与龙骨间距应根据模板设计规定。一般支柱间距为80120cm，大龙骨间距为60120cm，小龙骨间距为4060cm。3.4.4 调节支柱高度，将大龙骨找平。3.4.5 铺定型组合钢模板块：可从一侧开始铺，每两块板间边肋用U形卡连接，U形卡安装间距一般不大于30cm（即每隔一孔插一个）。每个U形卡卡紧方向应正反相间，不要安在同一方向。楼板在大面积上均应采用大尺寸的定型组合钢模板块，在拼缝处可
9、用窄尺寸的拼缝模板或木板代替，但均应拼缝严密。3.4.6 平台板铺完后，用水平仪测量模板标高，进行校正，并用靠尺找平。3.4.7 标高校完后，支柱之间应加水平拉杆。根据支柱高度决定水平拉杆设几道。一般民政部下离地面2030cm处一道，往上纵横方向每隔1.6m左右一道，并应经常检查，保证完整牢固。3.4.8 将模板内杂物清理干净，办预检。3.5 模板拆除：模板应优先考虑整体拆除，便于整体转移后，重复进行整体安装。3.5.1 柱子模板拆除：先拆掉柱斜拉杆或斜支撑，卸掉柱箍，再把连接每片柱模板的U形卡拆掉，然后用撬棍轻轻撬动模板，使模板与混凝土脱离。3.5.2 墙模板拆除：先拆除穿墙螺栓等附件，再拆
10、除斜拉杆或斜撑，用撬棍轻轻撬动模板，使模板离开墙体，即可把模板吊运走。3.5.3 楼板、梁模板拆除：3.5.3.1 应先拆梁侧帮模，再拆除楼板模板，拆楼板模板先拆掉水平拉杆，然后拆除支柱，每根龙骨留12根支柱暂不拆。3.5.3.2 操作人员站在已拆除的空隙，拆去近旁余下的支柱，使其龙骨自由坠落。3.5.3.3 用钩子将模板钩下，等该段的模板全部脱模后，集中运出，集中堆放。3.5.3.4 楼层较高，支模采用双层排架时，先拆上层排架，使龙骨和模板落在底层排架上，上层钢模全部运出后，再拆底层排架。3.5.3.5 有穿墙螺栓者，先拆掉穿墙螺栓和梁托架，再拆除梁底模。3.5.4 侧模板（包括墙柱模板）拆
11、除时，混凝土强度能保证其表面及楞角不因拆除模板受损坏，方可拆除。板与梁拆模强度如设计无规定时，应符合施工规范的规定。3.5.5 拆下的模板及时清理粘连物，涂刷脱模剂，拆下的扣件及时集中收集管理。3.5.6 拆模时严禁模板直接从高处往下扔，以防止模板变形和损坏。4 质量标准4.1 保证项目：模板及其支架必须具有足够的强度、刚度和稳定性，其支撑部分应有足够的支撑面积，如安装在基土上，基土必须坚实，并有排水措施。对冻胀性土必须有防冻融措施。4.2 基本项目：模板接缝不应漏浆。模板与混凝土接触表面清理干净并涂隔离剂，严禁隔离剂沾污钢筋与混凝土接槎处。4.2.3 允许偏差项目见表4-2。模板安装和预埋件
12、、预留孔洞的允许偏差 表4-2项 目允许偏差（mm）检 查 方 法单层多层高层框架柱、墙、梁轴线位移53尺量检查标 高5+2-5用水准仪或拉线和尺量检查墙、柱、梁截面尺寸+4-5+2-5尺量检查每层垂直度33用2m托线板检查相邻两板表面高低差22用直尺和尺量检查表面平整度55用2m靠尺和楔形塞尺检查预埋钢板、预埋管、预留孔中心线位移33预埋螺栓中心线位移22拉线和尺量检查外露长度+10-0+10-0预留洞中心线位移1010截面内部尺寸+100+1005 成品保护 5.1 吊装模板时轻起轻放，不准碰撞，放止模板变形。5.2 拆模时不得用大锤硬砸或撬棍硬撬，以免损伤混凝土表面和楞角。5.3 拆下的
13、钢模板，如发现模板不平时或肋边损坏变形，应及时修理。5.4 钢模在使用过程中应加强管理，分规格堆放，及时补涂刷防锈剂。6 应注意的质量问题 6.1 柱模板容易产生的问题是：截面尺寸不准，混凝土保护层过大，柱身扭曲。防止办法是：支模前按图弹位置线，校正钢筋位置，支柱前柱子应做小方盘模板，保证底部位置准确。根据柱子截面尺寸及高度，设计好柱箍尺寸及间距，柱四角做好支撑及拉杆。6.2 梁、板模板容易产生的问题是：梁身不平直，梁底不平，梁侧面鼓出，梁上口尺寸偏大，板中部下挠。防止办法是：梁、板模板应通过设计确定龙骨、支柱的尺寸及间距，使模板支撑系统有足够的强度及刚度，防止浇混凝土时模板变形。模板支柱的底
14、部应支在坚实地面上，垫通长脚手板，防止支柱下沉，梁、板模板应按设计要求起拱，防止挠度过大。梁模板上口应有拉杆锁紧，防止上口变形。6.3 墙模板容易产生的问题是：墙体混凝土厚薄不一致，截面尺寸不准确。拼接不严，缝子过大造成跑浆。模板应根据墙体高度和厚度通过设计，确定纵横龙骨的尺寸及间距，墙体的支撑方法，角模的形式。模板上口应设拉结，防止上口尺寸偏大。其他详见“现浇剪力墙结构大模板”。7 质量记录本工艺标准应具备以下质量记录：7.1 模板分项工程预检记录。7.2 模板分项工程质量评定资料。（英文版 ） Two regulations promulgated for implementation i
15、s in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting
16、 each other, the adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations an
17、d Party members do not touch the bottom line . Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revisi
18、on of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. and revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC
19、 Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines and column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological co
20、nsensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the partys leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new r
21、evision of the and , reflects the partys 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the partys eighteen years comprehensive strictly pra
22、ctice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of in based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, ha
23、s not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the thi
24、rd is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to clean the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres a
25、bove. is in 1997 based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering t
26、he practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of
27、misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to and the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of
28、 Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to t
29、wo regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspecti
30、on from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of p
31、rinciple, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people,
32、views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipal
33、ities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitat
34、ion of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Commi
35、ttee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, and revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the partys eighteen, ten eight plenary,
36、the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised and , highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, adva
37、nce as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent and . Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the cons
38、titution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Com
39、mittee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules. the revision of the and is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamenta
40、l to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. Th
41、e Party of rule of virtue de, mainly refers to the partys ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the closely linked to the self-discipline, insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the vital few, emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and
42、the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a negative list, emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice resul
43、ts transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party mem
44、bers and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the partys eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds a
45、nd other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the and modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) adhere to according to regula
46、tions governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the self-d