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1、义务教育阶段英语学业考试分析与建议,广东外语外贸大学 亓鲁霞,提纲,I.考试后效 II.小学六年级英语考试分析 III.初中毕业英语考试分析 IV.建议,Justifying the Use of Language Assessments,The primary use of language assessment is to gather information to help us make decisions that will lead to beneficial consequences for stake holders. Bachman （2009） Bachman & Palm
2、er (2010),Consequences?,后效（consequences): 考试及其结果的使用给社会、教育系统、教学、个人等带来的影响。 反拨效应(washback，backwash): 考试对教学造成的影响。,II.小学六年级英语考试分析,根据：2001年教育部关于积极推进小学开 设英语课程的指导意见 教学评价 主要目的是激励学生的学习兴趣和积极性。评价形式应具有多样性和可选择性。 基本要求 重视激发和培养学生学习英语的兴趣，培养一定的语感和良好的语音、语调基础 ,11份小学学业英语考试内容与题型,考查内容,11份考卷以听、读、写为主，有利于提高学生的兴趣和学习积极性。 语法词汇知识
3、题 K卷 20% C卷：25% D卷：32%,The phone rang when I _ the dishes. A. wash B. washes C. washing D. was washing Tom is _ young _ go to school A. totoo B. tootoo C. tooto D. to to,找出下列句子中的错误，将编号写在题前的括号内。 This work is very harder than that one. A B C D,题型,听做（标示、排序） 正误题 填空（单词、短语、完成句子） 匹配 问答（读后） 多项选择,呈现形式,文字 图画、
4、图表 色彩,导致积极反拨效应的做法,突出意义 创造语境 增加趣味,突出意义（B卷）,五、Listen and judge Sarah病了，下面哪些建议是正确的呢？请听八条建议，从中选择六条正确的建议。在相应的题号前打“”。 ( )1 ( )2 ( )3 ( )4 ( )5 ( )6 ( )7 ( )8,Have some rest. Take some medicine. See a doctor. Go swimming. Drink some water. Read many books. Stay in bed. Dont play in the sun.,创造语境、增加趣味,K卷 同学
5、们，暑假快到了，想不想去上海看世博会？海宝俱乐部将海选一批小学毕业生志愿者前往，你若能成功完成以下通关测试，则可前来报名哦!,I. 在世博会，你会遇见来自世界各地的朋友，要注意礼仪，仿照例句1，在右边A.B.C选项中找出与左边相关联的内容，使其成为最佳搭配，将其编号写在相应括号内。,( ) 4. Dont push or run ( ) 5. ( ) 6. ( ) 7. ( ) 8. You should say “Excuse me.”,when you want to go past someone. B. C . . H. when you get on the bus., Ken is
6、 very excited to see Dada. He is asking Dada many questions. 听录音，根据你所听到的对话勾出正确的信息。对话读两遍。 Name: Dada Age: 213( ) 250( ) 233( ) Home: Planet Mars ( ) Planet Luis ( ) Planet Tapas ( ) Transport to the earth: plane ( ) ship ( ) spaceship ( ) Brothers and sisters: 15 ( ) 16 ( ) 17 ( ) Height: 55 cm ( ) 5
7、6 cm ( ) 36cm ( ) Weigh 20 kg ( ) 30 kg ( ) 40 kg ( ) Hobbies: eating ( ) sleeping ( ) flying ( ) Favourite food: pork ( ) beef ( ) chicken ( ),Hi, boys and girls. My name is Dada. I am an alien (外星人) from the outer space. I want to make friends on the earth (地球).,丰富语境、突出信息、增加趣味,E卷,题目改进,例1 Listen an
8、d choose 你将听到一个句子，根据你所听到的内容, 选择符合的一项，并将其字母编号填在题号前的括号内，每小题读两遍。 4. A. them B. than C. then,4. I went to the library first. Then I went to the supermarket.,命题原则：选择重要信息作为考点,命题原则：四个选项看上去一致。,33. Where are the children? They are in the playground playing _. A. happily B. happy C. happier D. quiet,例3 Listen
9、 and circle 你将听到一个句子或一组对话，根据所听到的内容， 在每小题的大图中圈出相符的图片。,命题原则：指令语必须清楚无歧异,男：Did you buy that beautiful dress for your mom on Mothers Day? 女：No, I bought her a pretty hat. Because the dress is too expensive.,73. 当你得知世界大学生运动会将在深圳举 办时，可以说： A. Thats bad! B. Thats great! C. I dont like it.,命题原则：答案必须是最佳选项。,西太平
10、洋 帕劳的岩石岛,III. 初中毕业生英语学科学业考试分析,依据：考试大纲 性质：考试结果既是衡量学生是否达到毕业标准的主要依据，也是高中阶段学校招生的重要依据之一。 学业考试+选拔考试 指导思想：注重能力考查，特别是语言综合运用能力，确保对教学有良好的反拨作用。,学业考试与选拔考试的区别,不同的目的 不同的参照标准 常模参照 Norm-referenced 标准参照 Criterion-referenced,2010年广东省初中毕业学业考试（英语）结果（某市）,考生人数：35034 全卷平均分：61.41 难度：0.51 标准差：29.21 区分度：？,九份考卷分析（2009，2008）,内
11、容 语法词汇知识、听、读、写,题型,配对题 填空（听录音、首字母、词库、多项选择） 多项选择 书面表达,有利于考查能力，特别是语言综合运用能力的题型,信息填空题 书面表达 图画图表,题目改进,Which of the following is true. 命题原则：避免把选择题变成正误题,听短文答题 16. This story tells about a _. A. special class B. young teacher C. beautiful woman 17. Tina was _ year old when she started teaching. A. 22 B. 15 C
12、. 10 18. Tina wanted to help children who cant _. A. hear B. see C. play 19. Tina learned to talk with the children by using _. A. hands B. mouth C. eyes 20. Tina teaches the children _. A. on weekdays B. on weekends C. every day,51. The passage is about _. A. the smallest school that was closed dow
13、n B. the only pupil in the smallest school C. the new teacher and her teaching D. the old teacher who just retired 53. The passage tells us that the school _. A. is too far for the students B. C. D. 54. Before the school was closed down _. A. the girls mother wanted to teach her daughter at home B.
14、C. D.,命题原则：避免题目相互牵扯漏题,38. Whats wrong with you? _. A. I dont like math. B. She is happy. C. He has a cold. D. My head hurts.,命题原则：每个干扰项都起到干扰作用,- Which would you like? Either _ OK, but I prefer coffee _ milk. A. is, has B. are, with C. is, with D. are, has,命题原则：每个干扰项都起到干扰作用,建议,负面反拨效应 具体建议,负面反拨效应,过早教授
15、语法知识的弊端 挑战学生的认知能力 降低学习兴趣和信心 导致汉式英语,合法不合用的表达法 - My house was stolen yesterday. - 打灯泡,固定/半固定表达法 Im done./Im finished. After a slow start, the Tigers are going great guns. He made his way through the crowd.,负面反拨效应,多项选择题的弊端 干扰正常思维 使学生大量接触错误语言和信息 导致过分分析语言形式,Uncle Li _ and eating noodles. A. to like tea B
16、. likes drink tea C. likes drinking tea Maybe I can go to the Olympics on the future. A B C D,建议,减少单纯考查语法词汇知识的比重 减少多项选择题的比重 加大正误题、配对题、简答题、填空题的比重 创造语境、突出意义、增加趣味 更多采用图画图表 听写（短文、句子） 模仿朗读（小学）,“Before we decide that we cannot afford to test in a way that will promote beneficial backwash, we have to ask o
17、urselves a question: What will be the cost of not achieving beneficial backwash? When we compare the cost of the test with the waste of effort and time on the part of teachers and students in activities quite inappropriate to their true learning goals, we are likely to decide that we cannot afford not to introduce a test with a powerful beneficial backwash effect”. (Hughes, 2003:56),谢谢！,