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1、扬州市供电局生产经营调度用房槽钢悬挑外脚手架及大悬挑构架信息法施工编制人：袁树翔扬州市建筑工程公司二三年二月槽钢悬挑外脚手架及大悬挑构架信息法施工袁树翔(扬州市建筑工程公司,扬州225002)摘 要：利用程控方法，对悬挑外脚手架搭设和使用时的变形和沉降予以监控，对脚手架的受力状态予以分析，提高外脚手架的安全性和经济性。关键词：悬挑 外脚手架 信息法 大悬挑构架 卸荷 计算机辅助放样1 工程简介扬州供电大厦工程由上海建筑设计研究院设计，建筑面积为23000 M 2，工程的质量目标为国优。本工程主楼地上十六层，局部二十层。层高分别为：一层8.40M，二层十五层4.20M，十六层8.40M，局部十七
2、、十八层3.30M、局部十九、二十层6.30M。建筑物沿口高为85.05M，建筑物总高为97.60M（钢构件总高为113.4M），室内外高差为0.60M。建筑物的顶部有一个圆形构架，悬挑出结构的距离近4米。2 脚手架类型的选择由于本工程有一层地下室，在地下室施工期间外脚手架从基坑底开始搭设，出于地下室的防水和其它问题的考虑，基坑需要尽早回填土，由于本工程工期紧，外脚手架形式的选择和设计计算相当重要。为了解决这个问题，供电大厦外脚手架总体施工方案为从基坑将脚手架一直搭设到主楼三层楼面，期间穿插地下室外墙防水施工，然后从二层搭设钢管悬挑外脚手架，搭设到主楼六层楼面，搭设至26米标高，从六层楼面开始
3、用槽钢悬挑脚手架。供电大厦外脚手架立面图3 槽钢悬挑外脚手架的施工根据规范要求，落地脚手架的搭设高度一般不超过50米，本工程外脚手架的搭设最大高度为70米，本工程外立面为玻璃幕墙结构，结构施工期间外脚手架主要起维护作用，装饰施工期间施工荷载也不大，因此，对外脚手架采取卸荷和加固措施，一次性搭设到顶。悬挑脚手架槽钢平面布置图悬挑脚手采用槽钢与预埋在楼面上的预埋件连接，在其上搭设双排外脚手，搭设高度为51.5米，29步架，供12个楼层施工用。立杠横距（排距）b1.05米，立杠纵距l1.5米，步距h=1.8米。小横杆间距为0.75米，里立杠距墙体的距离为0.35米。铺设竹制脚手板数为4层，作业层2层
4、，小横杆内端距墙面距离为150mm，外侧挂满塑料编织安全网。脚手架钢管采用483.5钢管。4 外脚手架的信息法施工本工程主楼建筑外形为圆弧形，脚手架的水平杆件全部需要弯成一定的弧度，这样，脚手架内部的杆件之间存在较大的内力，本工程为高层建筑，风荷载很大，根据建筑施工扣件式钢管脚手架安全技术规范中连墙件的计算要求，需要增加因连墙件约束脚手架平面外变形所产生的轴向力，因此，连墙件的受力很大，本工程的连墙件单独进行设计，采用刚性连接方式，不仅很好的控制了脚手架的变形，而且可以观测到脚手架的变形与沉降，见图槽钢悬挑脚手架运用了信息法结合详细计算的施工技术，在施工过程中对脚手架的变形、沉降进行跟踪观测，
5、通过力学分析得到脚手架在施工各阶段的受力状态，及时合理的进行卸荷加固，并采用经过改进的脚手架附墙，双排单立柱脚手架搭设高度达70米，仅脚手架材料租赁费用就节省15万元。连墙件作用示意图在脚手架施工初期，通过使用水准仪观测脚手架的沉降，经过计算分析出脚手架的当前受力状态，悬挑脚手架搭设至11层楼面至21米后发现脚手架的变形和 沉降不大，用钢丝绳花篮螺丝对脚手架隔杆进行卸菏，脚手架一次性搭设到顶。5 85.05米高度处悬挑出结构近4米的构架的施工85.05米高度处悬挑构架的施工，是在双排单立柱槽钢悬挑脚手架搭设高度达到51.5米处（标高85米）时，通过对以前脚手架变形的测量分析得出脚手架目前的受力
6、状态，并将脚手架卸荷和加固，将脚手架兼做排架，并合理设计悬挑构架下支撑的构造，搭设8米高的悬挑构架排架，采用螺杆顶撑使脚手架立杆轴心收压，在螺杆顶撑铺设木方搭设支模平台，平均分部悬挑构架梁与板的荷载，支模平台搭设好后进行荷载试验，合理安排混凝土的浇筑路线以避免浇筑混凝土时产生的不均匀的倾覆荷载，整个构架270方混凝土一次性浇筑成功。5.1脚手架的形式主楼悬挑构架的支撑采用钢管扣件脚手，在悬挑过大的地方用槽钢悬挑，钢丝绳反拉。整个脚手架悬挑离建筑物为4米，整个悬挑构架的自重和施工荷载全部由脚手承担。由于主楼的外脚手采用槽钢悬挑，脚手的搭设高度达到了51.5米，在脚手架搭设到21米时对脚手架进行了
7、一次卸荷，在搭设悬挑部分的脚手时需要对脚手架另进行一次卸荷。5.2悬挑构架支撑的构造悬挑构架支撑示意图悬挑脚手拟采用斜杆与预埋在楼面上的预埋钢管连接，在其上搭设三排外脚手，搭设高度为6步架，外立杆与中立杆的间距为1.1米，在最上面两步脚手架时再挑处0.75米供工人操作。悬挑脚手构造同落地脚手，悬挑脚手的两根斜杆的长度达到了5米，必须用大横杆将斜杆分四等份拉结，外面一道斜杆用安全网封闭。5.3悬挑脚手架计算FABCDEP3P1P25.3.1.计算模型悬挑钢管挑架纵向1.5米设一道，承受6步架脚手的荷载。脚手的主要受力构件为斜杆和水平横杆，脚手的传力顺序：竹笆脚手架大横杆小横杆立杆斜杆楼面下部脚手
8、，水平横杆与框架梁内预埋钢管连接,脚手每层搭设，用安全网封闭。5.3.2.荷载（略）5.3.3.钢管三角挑架计算简图经过计算杆件内力为：FBC=13.89KN；FAB=19.54KN；FAE=11.78KN由于在搭设钢管三角挑架时对斜钢管平面内和平面外都进行拉结，钢管的计算长度为实际长度的一半，加上下部脚手架对三角钢管挑架的辅助受力作用，以及钢筋花篮螺丝的反拉，经过计算，满足承载力及稳定性要求。且采用双扣件满足12千牛的抗滑力要求。5.3.4.立杆整体稳定性验算（略）5.4特殊部位悬挑脚手架的设计和计算5.4.1.根据建筑平面，现有的脚手架有四处凹下的地方，离建筑物外边的距离为3.9米，不能采
9、用钢管悬挑脚手架，因此决定采用槽钢悬挑脚手架，在凹槽部位分别布置2根和5根槽钢，槽钢的固定方式同下面的槽钢悬挑脚手架，因为槽钢挑出的长度较大，槽钢的端部用钢丝绳花篮螺丝拉住。根据上面的计算结果，每根立杆所受荷载(搭设6步架)P1=P2=P3=11.66KN每根槽钢用两根钢丝绳拉住，花篮螺丝选用1.7吨。选用单肢16a槽钢。5.4.2.东部人货电梯处悬挑构架的脚手架利用人货电梯的平台搭设，由于人货电梯平台设计时并未考虑承受结构施工荷载，需要将人货电梯平台的脚手架加密、加固，在东面的圆弧板墙上预埋钢筋环，用钢丝绳卸荷。5.5构架板下支撑计算（略）5.6构架梁下支撑的计算（略）5.7钢筋花篮螺丝反拉
10、的布置由于在悬挑脚手架设计的时候不仅需要考虑脚手架的强度和稳定性，还必须将脚手架的变形控制在一定的范围之内，采用钢管悬挑脚手在浇筑混凝土时脚手架会产生较大的变形，因此，在悬挑脚手架的外立杆用钢筋花篮螺丝反拉以减少脚手架的变形。在计算时并不考虑钢筋花篮螺丝对脚手架承载力上的辅助。整个悬挑构架全部由尺寸为519400-4001000的挑梁悬挑，挑梁的荷载如果全部由脚手架承担对脚手的安全很不利，需要在挑梁下的混凝土柱内预埋钢筋环用钢筋花篮螺丝辅助受力，每根悬挑大梁下布置6根钢筋花篮螺丝。5.8荷载试验悬挑脚手架搭设完成后，需要对脚手架进行荷载实验，以检验脚手架的强度和变形。荷载实验时可以采用将一定重
11、量的钢管或用吊斗放置在脚手架上，同时架设水准仪观测脚手架的变形，如脚手架的变形符合设计及规范要求既可以进行下部工序的施工，否则需要对脚手架进行加固，荷载试验一次性成功。5.9排架的搭设5.9.1.由于脚手架作为悬挑构架承受荷载，脚手架需要有一定的刚度，三排脚手架的平面外和平面内都要打上斜撑，每根悬挑大梁下的排架必须满打斜撑，斜撑的间距为两榀间两榀的搭设。5.9.2.三排脚手架的最外面两根立杆的间隔是750，在脚手架立杆中间加一根6米长的钢管，主要用于支撑悬挑构架最外面的梁，将梁下的范本支撑与板下的支撑分开。最外面两根立杆都要打上剪刀撑，以增加脚手架的刚度，减少脚手架受力后的变形。5.9.3.立
12、杆。在竖立杆时，要注意杆件的长短配合使用。立杆的接头除顶层可用搭接接头外必须采用对接扣件实行对接接头。搭接时的长度不应小于1m，用不少于两个旋转扣件来扣牢，扣件的外边缘到杆端距离不应少于100mm。5.9.4.大横杆。大横杆的长度不宜小于6m。它与立杆必须用直角扣件扣紧。上下相邻的大横杆应错开布置在立杆的里侧和外侧。大横杆最好采用对接扣件连接。如采用搭接连接时，搭接长度不应小于1m，并用三个旋转扣件扣牢。大横杆接头与相邻立杆的距离不大于纵距的三分之一。同一水平内的内外两根大横杆的接头均应相应错开，不得出现在同一跨度内。5.9.5.小横杆。小横杆紧贴立杆布置。小横杆担于大横杆上，用直角扣件扣紧。
13、在任何情况下不得拆除贴近立杆的小横杆。5.9.6.斜杆。纵向支撑的斜杆与地面夹角宜在4560范围之内。连接时将一根斜杆扣在立杆上。另一根斜杆扣在小横杆的伸出部分上。斜杆用扣件与脚手架扣紧的连接两端距脚手架节点不大于200mm。除两端扣紧外，中间尚需增加24个扣件点。斜杆的接长应采用搭接连接。5.9.7.及时做好附墙拉结。在搭设脚手过程中，将内立杠与室内的脚手排架拉结；墙板拆模后，将内立杠与墙板中预埋短钢管焊接，横向每2步架、纵向每层拉结一次。5.9.8.接与拆除顺序：做好搭设的准备工作在楼面上预埋钢管将立杆间距套入支座放置纵向扫地杆逐根树立立杆，随即与纵向扫地杆扣牢安装横向扫地杆，并与立杆或纵
14、向扫地杆扣牢安装第一步大横杆安装第一步小横杆第二步大横杆加设临时抛锚第三、四步大横杆和小横杆设置连墙杆接立杆加设剪刀撑铺脚手板绑护身栏和挡脚板立挂安全网及时做好附墙（柱）拉结。拆除顺序与搭接顺序相反。5.10混凝土泵管的布置5.10.1.圆弧挑架的浇筑在竖向结构混凝土浇筑完成之后进行。由于悬挑构架的高度很高，混凝土的方量较大，从质量及防水上考虑不允许出现施工缝，因此混凝土的浇筑拟采用混凝土泵不间断一次浇筑完成。5.10.2.混凝土的浇筑采用两台混凝土泵，从东部的圆弧板墙处开始对称浇筑，最后结束于西部的板墙处，整个施工过程中不留冷缝。5.10.3.整个构架的高度在屋面以上8.4米，需要搭设专门的
15、泵管排架，泵管排架于范本的支撑排架独立，在圆弧悬挑构架的周围需要搭设跑道，用来接拆泵管。混凝土浇筑时严禁堆载，混凝土堆积后要及时平仓，严禁用振动棒引流。5.11安全要求5.11.1.悬挑构架的范本与钢筋结束之后，在浇筑混凝土之前需要向气象部门查询近几天的天气情况，严禁在大风、雨雪等恶劣天气中进行施工。5.11.2.排架搭设后，将外面全部用安全网封闭，下面满铺双层笆片（下层钢笆片，上层竹笆片），所有笆片均用12#铁丝扎牢，以防错位，造成漏洞。此外，等排架搭设好后，在排架上外挑钢管绷安全挑网。5.11.3.在支外侧模板时或拆外侧范本时，人员不得集中，最好控制在每跨二到三人，且应分散，以减少集中荷载
16、。5.11.4.拆范本时，所有材料不得堆放在排架上，应及时吊下去。最外面立杆、排架不能拆除，如因拆模困难而拆除的，范本拆除后应立即加固好，以免破坏外边悬挑脚手的整体性。5.11.5.塔吊调运时，指挥人员应与安装（拆除）人员配合好，协调一致。当风力大于六级时，停止空中的一切操作。5.11.6.在高空操作人员均需佩带安全帽，系好安全带。5.11.7.由于该工程脚手架均铺设竹笆片，防火是关键，在每层外脚手架的主要醒目地段挂灭火器，每层不少于4只灭火器。6 小结采用了信息法施工，可以对脚手架在施工时和使用时的受力状态及变形进行监控，加上在设计阶段对脚手架进行详细、周密的考虑，使脚手架外观和安全得到了有
17、效的控制。在创建省级文明工地中，本工程验收一次性通过，外脚手架和悬挑构架的顺利施工，不仅节省了大量的工期，创造了良好的经济效益，而且为本公司在扬州西区打响了品牌。113（英文版 ） easily blame, to prevent the broken window effect. Supervise the leading cadres to play an exemplary role, take the lead in the strict implementation of the and , lead to safeguard the solemnity and authority
18、of the party discipline, ensure that the party discipline and the laws and regulations for implementation in place. Throughout the discipline in the daily supervision and management, strengthen supervision and inspection, from the thorough investigation of violations of discipline behavior. Strength
19、en to key areas, key departments and key projects as well as the masses reflect the concentration of the units and departments for supervision. - strengthening supervision, discipline inspection and supervision of cadres to set an example for compliance with the and is a man must be hexyl, blacksmit
20、h needs its own hardware. Discipline inspection organs as the executor of the party discipline, and supervisor of the defenders, for its supervision must be more strictly, discipline inspection and supervision of cadres to firmly establish the awareness of Party Constitution, sense of discipline and
21、 rules consciousness, politics loyalty, sense obey. Action speak Ji Ordinance to set an example of the regulations of the rule of law, strengthen supervision and accept the supervision of the firmness and consciousness, do comply with and . To firmly establish the discipline must first be discipline
22、d, the supervisor will be subject to the supervision of concept, and consciously safeguard and implement party compasses party, take the lead in practicing three strict real strict, so loyal, clean, play. To be good at learning, the Constitution and the as morality, politics and brought to fruition;
23、 to implement , do not want to, dare not, not with disciplinary ruler to supervision; to discipline a ruler, often the control inspection, and consciously in the ideological red line to draw the row Ming Good accumulation is indeed the bottom line, so that the heart has fear, said to have quit, the
24、line has ended. Attached: indifferent to heart, calmly to the table in our life, there are many unpredictable things will happen, some good, some bad things, we cannot control is powerless to stop, but with time, you will find in life sometimes turns out to be not good, some bad things finally turne
25、d out to be a good thing, but then we muddy however did not know, this is the life teach us things. 1, life can be complex, can also be simple. Want simple life of precipitation, to have enough time to reflect, to make Become more perfect. Life is the most important thing is not to win, but the stru
26、ggle; not to have conquered, but to have fought well. 2, the plain is the background of life. Live a plain life, give up on themselves is not a coward, but the wise answers; not disillusioned after the heart, such as ashes, but experience the storm after the enlightenment; not unrewarding perfunctor
27、ily, but calm attitude of life of unrestrained self-confidence. Plain living, there is no noise noisy, no earthly troubles, more did not fill in the discontent of desire, some just a calm, a calm. 3, memory of heart will not good things to erase the, life is a When no movie, pain is a beginning, the
28、 struggle is a kind of process, death is a kind of ending. Give up this giving up is the helpless, do not give up the abandoned, do not give up this giving up is ignorance, do not give up should not give up is persistent. 4, a thing figured is heaven, think impassability is hell. Since the living, t
29、o live better. Sometimes we because of too narrow-minded, too care around the chores and penny wise and pound foolish, not worth the candle. Some things to attract trouble and worry, completely depends on how we look at and deal with it. Dont always take everything back to things, and dont get into
30、a blind alley, dont want to face, dont be narrow-minded. Poke to care, is a kind of open-minded, a free and easy. 5, I am not afraid of others behind me a knife, I afraid to look back and see stab me, is my intention to treat people; I am not afraid of the truth to tell the best friend, Im afraid he
31、 turned to it as a joke to tell dont 6, when we are in a positive frame of mind, you will find many good things; and when we are in a negative state of mind, you will find many depressed things; life happy and worry, all is you of life attitude, optimistic, good luck; loss of sink, Eritrea company.
32、When you are in adversity, may wish to change a point of view to think everything over to the good Think, because good mentality decided the fate of the! 7, people are tired, rest; heart tired, calm. Grow up, mature, this society read. Tired and sad, squat down, to their a hug. Because the world no
33、one can sympathize with you, have mercy on you. You cry, tears is your own; you pain, no one can understand. Then you only tears to smile. 8, each people have youth,Each youth are a story, the life of the world never gets easier, I want what, wish the world all know, as has been the same; now want a
34、nything, for fear that others know, or like to lose the same. 9, the heart move, everything in the world is followed by birth, Rangrang, important thing is often the most difficult to open ones mouth, because words will reduce its importance; to let strangers people care about your life in the good
35、things, the original is not easy 10, do not blame, do not laugh at who, also dont envy who. Like a person is a kind of feeling, not like a person is true. The truth is easy to explain, I feel Is unspeakable. The best travel life is that you in a strange place found a long lost touched. 11, happy lif
36、e not in the bustling in, and in the peace of mind; no matter how many grievances, how uncomfortable, and ultimately to heal themselves or their own, others may got you to comfort, but never know your heart is how wanjianchuanxin. 12, maam, like a movie, learn to appreciate, learn to be grateful, le
37、arn tolerance, and goodness, helping others. Instead of accusing the society, as into one; and an exception is better to give than to what 13, dont envy him A sum of, dont lose your life and the life, respectively is: the former is a we experienced cannot escape in a day finally will last minute, wh
38、ile the latter is our persistent, we want to cherish the memory of those people and things. 14, learn to smile, learn to strong, the world you know so many people, so many people and you are, you cannot change also cant let everyone like you, so also do not want to do. Life is too short to go crazy
39、to love to go to waste, to chase the dream to regret. 15, when temper, a blessing to go. A wounding elegant people, the key is to control their own emotions. With the mouth is the most stupid behavior. A control negative emotions than a can take a city more powerful water flow slow, language is expe
40、nsive. People spent two years of time to learn to speak, but to spend a few years time to shut up. That is a kind of ability, that is a kind of wisdom. 16, life is not perfect, sometimes, growth is not a cry, not an eyeful of tears, there is no trace of emotion, there is no gleam of hope, no desire,
41、 no action, no static, there is only one kind of downward sinking feeling, sink A murky? 6? 7? 6? 7 sink? 6? 7? 6? 7 toward the bottom of the sink. 17, in some way, do not go, you will not know the other side scenery is beautiful. To you is not good, you do not mind too much, no one has an obligatio
42、n to you; you learn knowledge, is you have weapons, you can start from scratch, but not unarmed; how do you treat people, does not represent how others treat you, if cannot see through this point, only inviting worry. 18, time is like a sponge in the water, as long as you are willing to squeeze, the
43、 total water is still there. Every life, after the ups and downs The best test of live, to life, survival and continuation, do not stop the struggle in the joys and sorrows of life on the road, so that different soul to bear life beat, acceptance of suffering. 19, indifferent to heart, calmly in tab
44、le, elegant and comfortable life, do not take what is so important. The pursuit will be disappointed; to be alive, you will have trouble. Life is the most afraid of what all want to care about, but also what all grasp is not firm, without scenery, separated populations, such as not to desire, all do
45、cked in the fate of the end. Why is too rigid, the natural, to go stay not to live, let go of obsession, revel is 20, if the fate of the broken Hopes of sailing, please dont despair, the coast is still, if the fate of the withered petals of the beautiful, please do not sink, the spring is still, lif
46、e will always be endless trouble, please dont helpless, because they are still alive, is still a dream, the sun still, we still. Lost, keep memories; to get, must work to; but the most important is good to cherish their own. 21, life, select the complex, is to choose the pain; choose a simple, is ch
47、oose to be happy. The complex world like aSignificance of pride. Hope is the ornate palace, outside people admiring the magnificent, living in the deep knowledge of living it to pay the price. Simple world as a simple log cabin outside ridiculed shabby, the heart is willing to go live to know the jo
48、y. Suffering and joy is their own choice. 22, learn how to use a single powerful heart, let the past be the past, let the future come. Life is really the end of the end of an eagle is flying wings, life is constantly pursuit. Dont miss to regret, dont wait for old just miss. Time to return, seize every moment, again painstakingly again tired also Those struggling to fly. 23, life could not Yimapingchuan, even flat pavement, inevitably there will be a few pieces of roadblocks. Some of the rocks around the past, while others have to move it out. Just