新英汉翻译教程第四章翻译的技巧答案.ppt

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1、第四章 翻译的技巧 Skills in Translation,4.3 追意联想,4.4 译文比较,第四章综合练习及参考译文,综合练习 1,综合练习 2,4.2 设问排难,课堂互动 1,课堂互动 3,课堂互动 2,课堂互动 4,第四章 翻译的技巧,4.1 选词遣字,第 四 章 重 点,-end,3,直译意译、异化归化等，均有特点，各有千秋。宜直译就直译，能意译就意译，既能循规蹈矩神游于规矩之内外，又能叛道离径游刃于语言文化的字里行间。,第四章 翻译的技巧 Skills in Translation,4,翻译必须兼顾两面： 力求其易解； 保存原作的丰姿。,5,4. 1 选词遣字 (Choice

2、of Diction), 在语法结构上、意义逻辑上、选词遣字上尽力做到忠实原文，务使文理通顺； 根据不同的文章体裁，力求句简词精，译出雅致优美，译出抑扬顿挫，译出明白流畅、简练畅达； 有创造性、发挥性，沿着原文的思路、按照原文的风格，敢于用生动活泼的语言，译出形式上适当异化，意义上适当归化，结构上适当等值的文字来。,6,例1：A gentleman is，rather than does. （English For Today） 【译文】绅士是天生的，不是做出来的。,7,例2：Every tree and every branch was encrusted with bright and d

3、elicate hoarfrost, white and pure as snow, delicate and defined as carved ivory. 【译文】每棵树，每个枝桠，落上了一层薄薄的银晶明亮的霜，像雪一样洁白纯净，像象牙一般精致优美。,8,例3：I got on horseback within ten minutes after I got your letter. When I got to Canterbury, I got a chaise for town, but I got wet through, and have got such a cold that

4、 I shall not get rid of it in a hurry .I got to the Treasury about noon, but first of all got shaved and dressed. I soon got into the secret of getting a memorial before the Board, but I could not get an answer then; however I got intelligence from a messenger that I should get one next morning （Ste

5、phensor Smith：How to Double Your Vocabulary） 【译文】接到来函后，不到十分钟，我就骑马动身了。到达坎特布里，换乘四轮马车进镇。一场雨把我浑身淋湿，患了重感冒，一时半会儿不能好。约莫中午时分，才到达财务委员会。首先，就是刮脸换衣。不一会儿，便打听到在委员会前立碑的事。可我尚未接到通知，不过从送信者口里获悉翌日上午会有通知的。,9,例4：Again and again his knife cut away death, but grazed the very springs of life in doing it, until his assistant

6、s were as white as the patient. 【译文】他的手术刀一次又一次地切除致命的病患，游刃于性命攸关的地方，直吓得他的助手们一个个脸上如同病人一样苍白。,小节结束,10,1. How to explain that I was not a proud owner seeking admiration for his vehicle, but a tourist who had broken down? 【译文】真不知道怎么说好呢？我又不是一个得意的车主，专门让人家欣赏我的车子来着，而是个路途中有了难处的游客。,课堂互动1：A.翻译下列句子（参考译文）,11,课堂互动1：

7、A. 翻译下列句子（参考译文）,2. It is actually very, very old and was not always as beautiful as it is now. It is not certain how the Earth began. Probably it began as a huge globe of gas and dust. The globe became smaller and denser. Today the outer layer or crust is cool and hard, 【译文】实际上，地球已经非常、非常古老了，它起初并不总像现

8、在这样美丽。关于地球的起源，尚无定论。地球开始形成时，很可能是一个由气体和尘埃组成的巨大球体。地球变得越来越小，越来越密，今天，地球的外层或地壳已经冷却硬化，,12,3. Special equipment assures that the computers will not be disturbed by power interruptions that last less than two hours. 【译文】在停电两小时以内的情况下，有专门设备能保证计算机正常工作。,课堂互动1：A.翻译下列句子（参考译文）,13,课堂互动1： A. 翻译下列句子（参考译文）,4. It was no

9、t anger, nor surprise, nor disapproval, nor horror, nor any of the emotions that she had been prepared for. 【译文】那表情不是生气，不是惊讶，不是不满，不是嫌恶，也不是她原先准备应付的任何一种感情。,14,课堂互动1： A. 翻译下列句子（参考译文）,5. Modern geology has for its aim the deciphering of the whole evolution of the earth from the time of the earlier recor

10、ds that can be recognized in the rocks to the present day. 【译文】现代地质学的目的是解释地球自从有最早纪录时起直到今天为止的整个演变过程，这种最早纪录可以从岩石上辨认出来。,小节结束,15,课堂互动1： B. 改译下列翻译不理想、不正确的句子（参考译文）,1. Promotions are wonderful but they must be deserved. And we deserve it, only if we serve the people. 【译文】提升是件好事。但必须是那些值得提升的人。而我们只有为人民服务才算得上值

11、得。 【改后译文】提升是好事，但必须受之无愧。我们只有坚持为人民服务才能受之无愧。,16,2. It looks like it will be a mild, but rainy weekend. 【译文】看来天气温和，但周末有雨。 【改后译文】看来周末天气温暖，但有雨。,课堂互动1： B. 改译下列翻译不理想、不正确的句子（参考译文）,17,3. It emerged casually and as a byproduct of our conversation. 【译文】它偶然地冒了出来，就像我们谈话的副产品。 【改后译文】很随便地提到了它，就像是我们在谈话中顺便说说而已。,课堂互动1：

12、 B. 改译下列翻译不理想、不正确的句子（参考译文）,18,4. His air of self-assurance and somewhat lordly bearing would have frightened me, had it not been for his warm and hearty handshake. 【译文】他那自信的神气和略为高傲的派头就要使我害怕了，不过他和我握手的时候是那样热情，那样真挚。 【改后译文】他和我握手的时候是那样热情，那样真挚，要不然他那自信的神情和高傲的派头，我还真有点害怕呢。,课堂互动1： B. 改译下列翻译不理想、不正确的句子（参考译文）,19

13、,5. Without his knowledge, the matchmakers were at work. 【译文】他自己还不知道，媒人却已为他工作了。 【改后译文】他自己还不知道，媒人却已为他穿针引线了。,课堂互动1： B. 改译下列翻译不理想、不正确的句子（参考译文）,20,6. I was like that ship before my education began, only I was without compass or sounding-line. 【译文】我的教育开始之前，就像这样一条船，只是没有罗盘和测深绳。 【改后译文】在我开始接受教育之前，就像这样一条船，没有罗

14、盘，没有测深绳。,课堂互动1： B. 改译下列翻译不理想、不正确的句子（参考译文）,21,7. The best way is to make your interests gradually wider and more impersonal. 【译文】最好的办法就是要逐渐使自己关心更多的和不跟自己直接有关的事情。 【改后译文】最好的办法就是要逐渐使自己关心更多的事情，甚至关心那些跟自己无关的事情。,课堂互动1： B. 改译下列翻译不理想、不正确的句子（参考译文）,22,8. The brokers hour is not only crowded, but minutes and seco

15、nds are hanging to all the traps and packing both front and rear platforms. (O. Henry) 【译文】经纪人的时间不但是拥挤的，而且分分秒秒都在月台上挂皮带，打包。 【改后译文】经纪人不但很忙，而且每分每秒都没有空着，时间安排得非常紧。,课堂互动1： B. 改译下列翻译不理想、不正确的句子（参考译文）,23,9. He would study and work hard, he would do anything he was asked to do but return to his old life, whic

16、h has turned to ashes beneath his feet. 【译文】他一定会努力学习和工作，只要不再回到旧的生活里去它已经在他的脚底下化为尘埃了派他做什么工作都行。 【改后译文】他一定会努力学习，努力工作，让他做什么都行，只要不再回到旧的生活里去，旧的生活已经一去不复返了。,课堂互动1： B. 改译下列翻译不理想、不正确的句子（参考译文）,24,10. Good, better, best, Never let it rest, Till good is better, And better best. 【译文】好，更好，最好， 别让它停歇， 等到好变成更好， 让更好变成最

17、好。,【改后译文1】 好上要求更好， 只要目的定牢， 坚持努力不懈， 成功不会飘渺。,【改后译文2】 好上加好， 坚持不懈， 步步登高， 争取最好。,小节结束,课堂互动1： B. 改译下列翻译不理想、不正确的句子（参考译文）,25,4. 2 设问排难 (Questions-raising),积极思维、探索求知，“深入角色”，体察入微，讲求逻辑，细心揣摩。,26,例1：Tomorrow is a minimum day, could you pick me up at noon? 【译文】明天只上半天课，提前放学，中午来接我好吗?,27,例2：On October first，I shall h

18、ave Czechoslovakia where I want her 【译文】到十月一日，我叫捷克向东，她就不敢向西。,28,例3：Suddenly an idea mingled with the alcoholic fumes that disturbed his brain. It was apparently of a jocular nature, for he felt impelled to slap his leg again and cram his fist into mouth.（中国翻译19972） 【译文】他醉意未消，脑子里突然冒出了一个念头。这个念头显然带有开玩笑

19、性质，他禁不住拍了一下大腿，接着就把拳头塞进嘴里，免得笑出声来。,29,例4：Spirits are supposed to haunt the places where their bodies most resorted，and Monseigneur without a guinea haunted the spot where his guineas used to be（Charles Dickens：A Tale of Two Cities） 【译文】据说鬼魂时常出没于他们生前常去的地方，爵爷也一样，连一枚金币也没有的爵爷也会经常光顾他曾经存放金币的地方。,小节结束,30,课堂互动

20、2： 翻译句子（参考译文）,1.The sky turned to a tender pallet of pink and blue. 【译文】天空变成了一块由粉红色和蓝色构成的色彩柔和的调色板。 2. She had never let him knownever breathed a word. 【译文】她根本就没让他知道，从未透露过真情。,31,课堂互动2： 翻译句子（参考译文）,The president now is on a poverty tour. 【译文】总统目前正在访问贫困地区。 4. She doctored in the countryside. 【译文】她在农村当医生

21、。,32,课堂互动2： 翻译句子（参考译文）,5. The old man carefully doctored the split in the cane chair. 【译文】老人仔细修补藤椅上的裂口。 6. The mayor of New York City is the Time magazines 2001 Person of the Year. 【译文】纽约市市长是2001年时代杂志的风云人物。,33,课堂互动2： 翻译句子（参考译文）,7. The girls all like Bob because he is a football captain. Nothing succ

22、eeds like success. 【译文】所有的女孩子都喜欢鲍伯，因为他是个足球队长。有本事又有人缘。,34,课堂互动2： 翻译句子（参考译文）,8. An expensive failure can be made into an asset if youve learnt from it, but Monsanto still has some learning to do. 【译文】失败的代价虽然昂贵，然而只要你能从中汲取教训，那也是一笔财富。不过，曼山托公司仍然需要总结教训。,35,课堂互动 2： 翻译句子（参考译文）,9In the social production which

23、 men carry on they enter into definite relations that are indispensable and independent of their will; these relations of production correspond to a definite stage of development of their material powers of production.,【译文】人们在自己生活的社会生产中发生一定的、必然的、不以其意志为转移的关系，即同他们的物质生产力的一定发展阶段相适合的生产关系。,36,课堂互动 2： 翻译句子

24、（参考译文）,The sum total of these relations of production constitutes the economic structure of society the real foundation on which rise legal and political superstructures and to which correspond definite forms of social consciousness.,【续】 这些生产关系的总和构成社会的经济结构，即有法律的和政治的上层建筑建立其上，并有一定的社会意识形式与之相适应的现实基础。,37

25、,课堂互动2： 翻译句子（参考译文）,The mode of production in material life determines the general character of the social, political and spiritual processes of life. It is not the consciousness of men that determines their existence, but, on the contrary, their social existence determines their consciousness. (Karl

26、 Marx: A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy),【续】 物质生活的生产方式制约着整个社会生活、政治生活和精神生活的过程。不是人们的意识决定人们的存在，相反，是人们的社会存在决定人们的意识。 （卡尔马克思政治经济学批判）,38,课堂互动2： 翻译句子（参考译文）,10. There is no month in the whole year, in which nature wears a more beautiful appearance than in the month of August. Spring has ma

27、ny beauties, and May is a fresh and blooming month；but the charms of this time of year are enhanced by their contrast with the winter season. August has no such advantage. It comes when we remember nothing but clear skies, green fields and sweet-smelling flowers when the recollection of snow, and ic

28、e, and bleak winds, has faded from our minds as completely as they have disappeared from the earth and yet what a pleasant time it is!,【译文】 一年之中，八月的自然景色最美。春天固然美景多多，五月清新，鲜花艳丽，但此乃冬天的反衬所致，八月却不然。八月来临，寒风未至，雪冰无踪，记忆中只是令人愉悦的时光啊！晴朗的天空、碧绿的田野还有那芬芳的花朵。,39,课堂互动2： 翻译句子（参考译文）,Orchards and corn-fields ring with the

29、 hum of labor; trees bend beneath the thick clusters of rich fruit which bow their branches to the ground; and the corn, piled in graceful sheaves, or waving in every light breath that sweeps above it, as if it wooed the sickle, tinges the landscape with a golden hue. A mellow softness appears to ha

30、ng over the whole earth; the influence of the season seems to extend itself to the very wagon, whose slow motion across the well-reaped field, is perceptible only to the eye, but strikes with no harsh sound upon the ear. (Charles Dickens),【续】果园里和麦田间回荡着劳动的歌声，果实压满枝头，枝条弯腰垂地，枝条垂地；麦田一片金黄，已收割的庄稼束捆成摞，整整齐齐，

31、未收割的随着阵阵微风曲腰扭肢，似乎向割镰求爱；大地呈现一派祥和、丰收的景象；这时令的气息似乎也触及到每辆大车，车轮慢慢压过收割过的田野，声音悦耳和谐。,小节结束,40,4. 3 追意联想 (Meaning-associating),要有一个“立足点”意，围绕这个 “点” 和这个 “意” 进行积极思维、追意联想，方可获取理想译文。,41,例1：He is a bicycle doctor. 【译文】他是自行车修理工。 例2：Even before they were acquainted he had admired Osborne in secret. Now he was his man F

32、riday （WThackray：Vanity Fair） 【译文】在（他）没有认识奥斯本之前，就已暗暗地佩服他，如今竟当上了他的助手。,42,例3：Didnt she swear shed never again believe anything in trousers？ 【译文】她不是发誓此后再也不相信穿裤子的家伙了吗？,43,例4：He is as fit as a fiddle and now he is as cool as a cucumber. 【译文】他长得格外健壮，此刻神色泰然。（or: 他体壮如牛，此刻泰然自若。）,翻译时碰到顺着联不上，想不起来的情形。这时可以换一个角度，

33、用“逆向”联想的办法来解决，照样也可获得理想译文。,小节结束,44,课堂互动3： 翻译句子（参考译文）,1. We greatly appreciate your kindness. 【译文】我们非常感谢你的好意。 2. Do you appreciate the difficulties involved in this undertaking? 【译文】你是否意识到担任这项工作可能遇到的困难? 3. We all appreciate a holiday after a year of hard work. 【译文】我们全部体会到假日的乐趣。,45,课堂互动3： 翻译句子（参考译文）,4.

34、 He can appreciate classical music. 【译文】他能够欣赏古典音乐。 5. His failure to answer question made the police suspicious. 【译文】他不回答这一问题引起了警方的怀疑。 6. Man is extending his eyes with radar. 【译文】人(人类)借助于雷达扩大视野。,46,课堂互动3： 翻译句子（参考译文）,7. It cost him a sight of trouble. 【译文】这给他招来一大堆麻烦。 8. The instrument is of great in

35、terest, involving as it does a new principle of work. 【译文】该仪器由于涉及新的工作原理而具有意义。(as it does是个短语，意思是“实际上”，在句子中作状语),47,课堂互动3： 翻译句子（参考译文）,9On the evening of December 12, 1944, a host of German generals, the senior field commanders on the Western front, were called to Rundstedts headquarters, stripped of t

36、heir side arms and briefcases, packed into a bus, driven about the dark, snowy countryside for half an hour to make them lose their bearings, and finally deposited at the entrance to a deep underground bunker which turned out to be Hitlers headquarters at Ziegenberg near Frankfurt.,【译文】1944年12月12日晚上

37、，西线的一批德军将领，都是战地高级指挥官，奉召到伦斯德司令部去。他们交出了随身携带的武器和公文箱包，被推进一辆大轿车里，在乡间黑黝黝的雪地里坐了半小时的车，弄得晕头转向，最后给卸在一个很深的地堡的入口处，原来这是希特勒在法兰克福附近的泽根堡大本营。,48,课堂互动3： 翻译句子（参考译文）,There they learned for the first time what only a handful of the top staff officers and army commanders had known for more than a month: the Fuehrer was t

38、o launch in four days a mighty offensive in the West. (William L. Shirer: The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich),【续】到了那里，他们才初次听到了只有极少数最高级参谋和司令员在一个多月以前就已知道的事情：元首准备要在四天后在西线发动一场强大攻势。,49,课堂互动3： 翻译句子（参考译文）,10Your Grace shall understand, that at the receipt of your letter I am very sick: but in the instant

39、 that your messenger came, in loving visitation was with me a young doctor of Rome; his name is Balthazar. I acquainted him with the cause in controversy between the Jew and Antonio the merchant: we turnd oer many books together: he is furnisht with my opinion, which, betterd with his own learning,

40、the greatness whereof I cannot enough commend, comes with him, at my importunity, to fill up your graces request in my stead. I beseech you, let his lack of years be no impediment to let him lack a reverend estimation; for I never knew so young a body with so old a head. I leave him to your gracious

41、 acceptance, whose trial shall better publish his commendation. (Shakespeare: The Merchant of Venice) 【译文】尊翰到时，鄙人抱疾方剧；适有一青年博士鲍尔萨泽君自罗马来此，致其慰问，因与详讨犹太人与安东尼奥一案，遍稽群籍，折衷是非，遂恳其为鄙人疱代，以应殿下之召。凡鄙人对此案所具意见，此君已深悉无遗；其学问才识，虽穷极赞辞，亦不足道其万一，务希勿以其年少而忽之，盖如此少年老成之士，实鄙人生平所仅见也。倘蒙延纳，必能不辱使命。敬祈钧裁。（朱生豪译）,返回章重点,退出,小节结束,50,4. 4 译文

42、比较 (Translation Comparison),有些词句，可能有几种译法，这就需要比较，以便挑选出最佳译法。 请比较下列译文，选出理想答案，并说明理由：,例1：Seeing his uneasiness，Mrs. Morris smiled. 他不安的样子把莫里斯夫人给逗笑了。 B. 莫里斯夫人很高兴看到他尴尬的样子。 C. 看见他那副尴尬的样子，莫里斯夫人笑了。 答案：C,51,例2: The love of books，the key that opens the enchanted door. A喜欢这些书吧, 里面有打开奇异世界之门的钥匙。 B爱这些书和这把钥匙，才能打开美妙世

43、界之门。 C热爱书籍打开美妙世界之门的钥匙。 答案：C,请比较下列译文，选出理想答案，并说明理由：,52,例3：My fault is, that I have been true to you. Oh, Monsieur heretofore the Marquis, I pray you be true to me！（Charles Dickens：A Tale of Two Cities） A我一直忠于你，现在看来我错了。噢，前侯爵老爷，求你也忠于我吧！ B我的过错是一直忠于你。啊，前侯爵先生，求求你，但愿你也忠于我！ C我一直忠于你，现在却成了我的过错。前侯爵老爷啊，求求你也同样待我！

44、 答案：C,请比较下列译文，选出理想答案，并说明理由：,53,例4：The child is father of the man. （Wordsworth） A这孩子把此人叫爸爸。 B那孩子是这个男人的父亲。 C成人是由幼儿长大的。 答案：C,请比较下列译文，选出理想答案，并说明理由：,54,例5：The key to success is not information. Its people. A. 成功的关键不在于信息而在于人。 B. 成功的关键不在信息而在人。 C. 成功的关键不是信息，是人。 答案：A,请比较下列译文，选出理想答案，并说明理由：,55,例6：He didnt feel

45、 cold though he was wet to the skin. A. 他不感到冷，虽然他湿透了。 B. 虽然他湿透了，但是他并不感到冷。 C. 他浑身湿透了，却并不感到冷。 答案：C,请比较下列译文，选出理想答案，并说明理由：,56,例7：Their language was almost unrestrained by any motive of prudence. A. 他们的语言几乎不受任何谨慎动机的约束。 B. 任何谨慎的动机都约束不了他们的语言。 C. 他们几乎是爱讲什么就讲什么，根本没有考虑什么谨慎不谨慎。 答案：C,请比较下列译文，选出理想答案，并说明理由：,57,例8

46、： As soon as April pierces to the root The drought of March, and bathes each bud and shoot Through every vein of sap with gentle showers From whose engendering liquor spring the flowers; (Geoffrey Chaucer: The Canterbury Tales ) A. 当四月带来它那甘美的骤雨， 让三月里的干旱湿进根子去， 让浆汁滋润每颗草木的茎脉， 凭其催生的力量使花开出来； （黄杲炘译） B. 四月

47、的甘霖普降 浸透了三月的干旱地方， 草木的筋脉都受到润泽， 就綻出了美丽的花朵； （梁实秋译） C. 绵绵四月雨微落， 渗润三月枯根活， 催得草茎汁液涌， 喷香花儿盛开多。 （王振国译） 答案：B,返回章重点,退出,请比较下列译文，选出理想答案，并说明理由：,小节结束,58,课堂互动4：比较并选择理想汉语译文（参考译文）,1. A man may usually be known by the books he reads as well as by the company he keeps, for there is a companionship of books as well as o

48、f men. A. 人往往可以从一个人所交往的朋友以及所阅读的书去看他的为人。这是因为人与人之间、人与书之间同样有友谊。 B. 人往往可以从一个人所交往的朋友以及所阅读的书去看他的为人。这是因为人与人之间有友谊，同样的，人与书之间也有友谊。 C. 要想了解一个人，得先观其友，再看其读何书，因为人既能与人为友，还能与书为友。 答案：C,59,课堂互动4：比较并选择理想汉语译文（参考译文）,2 and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. A. 民

49、有、民治、民享的政府决不会从地球上灭亡。 B. 要使这个归人民所有，由人民管理，为人民办事的政权，在世界上永远存在。 C. 并使这个民有、民治、民享的政府永世长存。 答案：C,60,课堂互动4：比较并选择理想汉语译文（参考译文）,3. The childrens constant deafening racket everywhere kept the younger ones from sleeping. A. 小孩子们这儿吵，那儿闹，没完没了，把人耳朵都震聋了，小不点儿就别想睡觉了。 B. 孩子们到处吵闹，经常不断，震耳欲聋，简直使小孩子们睡不着觉。 C. 孩子们到处喧闹，经常不断，震耳欲聋，使得小点儿的孩子们睡不着觉。 答案：C,61,课堂互动4：比较并选择理想汉语译文（参考译文）,4Well, theres never anything happened in my family Im asham